問題状況における行動のし方に関する心理治療者の態度

The purpose of this study is to investigate whether or not psychotherapists have the following view of life, which one of the authors (Sasaki) thinks is somewhat similar to the view of life in Zen Buddhism, by studying the attitude of psychotherapists. The view is as follows: Excepting those problems which can be solved by external treatments or measures, an individual overcomes his own problem and achieves psychological adjustment not by looking at the problem objectively and seeking the measure to solve it, but only by living the present moment as he is in the situation. To live as he is means to act spontaneously according to the feelings which occur inside of him as a result of the development of the situation. At that moment the individual lives the solution of his problem whether he is aware of it or not. A questionnaire was developed by the author for the purpose of measuring psychotherapists\u27 attitude. There are 15 small problems in the questionnaire. Each problem consists of a story of a problematic situation and three choice items which describe three possible actions of the person in the situation, from which the subject is asked to choose the more favorable action. Three choice items in each problem were made according to the following categories. Moral-norm type (category M)…The person acts according to the moral or norm which he thinks is relevant to the situation. Objective understanding type (category O)…The person understands the problem objectively and tells the other person what he understands. Spontaneous response type (category S)…The person acts spontaneously according to the feelings which occured in him as the result of the development of the situation. Category M and O belong to the type of action in which the person looks at the problematic situation including himself as an object in order to find the solution and takes an intended action to solve the problem. Category S belongs to the type of action in which the person lives the present moment just as he is. He does not look at the problematic situation including himself as an object, nor takes any intended action to solve the problem. The hypothesis is as follows: Psychotherapists would choose more of spontaneous response type items and less of. moral-norm type and objective understanding type items in comparison with nonpsychotherapists. 148 subjects (59 therapists and 89 non-therapists) answered the qusetionnaire. Out of 89 non-therapists 63 subjects (over twenty-four years, old having no experience of study or training in psychotherapy) were chosen as a control group which is compared with therapist group. The results obtained were as follows: The difference of distribution of choice for each problem between therapists and non-therapists was examined by X^2-test. The result confirming the hypothesis was obtained in 9 problems for category S, 5 problems for category M and 3 problems for category O. The result denying the hypothesis was obtained in no problem for category S and M and 3 problems for category O. The differences of the amount of scores obtained between therapists and non-therapists were examined by t-test. As the result therapists were found getting higher S scores and lower M scores than non-therapists. No difference was found as to O score. According to the results of this study psychotherapists seem to have the above-mentioned view of life

Tensile test to ensure a safety of cannula connection in clinical Ventricular Assist Device (VAD)

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A Reproduction of inflow restriction in the mock circulatory system to evaluate a hydrodynamic performance of a ventricular assist device in practical conditions

A novel in vitro mock circulatory system, which enables to reproduce an inflow restriction, simulating blood volume pooling due to heart failure, was developed to evaluate a hydrodynamic performance of a pulsatile ventricular assist device (VAD) in practical conditions. The concept of this development was motivated by a difference of an inflow restriction between in vitro and in vivo environments. The major idea of this study is to reproduce an inflow restriction by using a centrifugal pump placed at an inflow side of a left ventricular model instead of a constant head reservoir in a conventional circuit. In the novel circuit, the maximum flow rate was obtained at lower systolic fraction as compared with a conventional circuit. This similar tendency by the novel one was observed in an acute animal experiment in sheep. This result suggests that a new mock circuit is effective to confirm a practical drive strategy of the VAD for various diseased conditions.6 page(s