Aspects of the Use of Ict for Automation of Dragonization of Databases of Statistical Analysis in Training of Humanitarian Profile Masters

Процес підготовки магістрів гуманітарного профілю педагогічного університету передбачає формування знань і вмінь, а також професійних навичок у контексті отримання майбутньої кваліфікації «вчитель (за профілем)». Для студентів другого (магістерського) рівня вищої освіти доцільним та актуальним є використання інформаційно-комунікаційних технологій (ІКТ) при викладанні професійно-практичних дисциплін, підготовці курсових проектів та кваліфікаційної роботи, проходженні практики. Педагогічний експеримент є важливою складовою магістерської роботи для студентів, що обрали майбутню професію вчителя. Для отримання результатів у педагогічному експерименті, слід скласти математичну модель певного досліджуваного явища, реалізувати її за допомогою ПК, проаналізувати одержані дані та зробити відповідні висновки. Дана стаття присвячена висвітленню особливостей використання ІКТ для автоматизації опрацювання статистичного аналізу у підготовці магістрів гуманітарного профілю. Досліджено доцільність опрацювання результатів педагогічного експерименту за допомогою табличного процесора MS Excel. У статті продемонстровано розрахунки щодо визначення статистичного критерію Пірсона ( 2 ) у електронних таблицях. Зокрема, обгрунтовано доцільність використання можливостей MS Excel для прийняття рішень про відсутність чи значущість відмінностей певних характеристик експериментальної та контрольної груп педагогічного дослідження. Для прикладу показано підтвердження статистичної гіпотези про готовність до використання ІКТ у професійній діяльності. У статті досліджено, що використання табличного процесору MS Excel для розрахунку емпіричного значення критерію, середнього арифметичного вибірки й стандартного відхилення тощо надає можливість автоматизувати проведення статистичного аналізу даних в педагогічних дослідженнях, що є складовою кваліфікаційної роботи у підготовці магістрів гуманітарного профілю педагогічного університету.The process of preparing masters of the humanitarian profile of the University of Pedagogy involves the formation of knowledge and skills, as well as professional skills in the context of obtaining a future qualification "teacher (by profile)". For students of the second (master's) higher education level it is expedient and relevant to use information and communication technologies (ICT) in teaching of professional and practical disciplines, preparation of course projects and qualification work, passing of practice. Pedagogical experiment is an important part of master's work for students who have chosen the future profession of a teacher. In order to obtain results in a pedagogical experiment, it is necessary to make a mathematical model of a certain phenomenon under investigation, to realize it with the help of a PC, to analyze the obtained data and to draw up the corresponding conclusions. This article is devoted to highlighting the peculiarities of the use of ICT for automating the processing of statistical analysis in the preparation of masters of the humanitarian profile. The expediency of processing the results of the pedagogical experiment using the MS Excel table processor is explored. The article shows the calculations for determining the Pearson statistical criterion () in spreadsheets. In particular, the expediency of using the capabilities of MS Excel to make decisions about the absence or significance of differences in certain characteristics of the experimental and control groups of pedagogical research is substantiated. For example, the confirmation of statistical hypothesis about readiness for use of ICT in professional activity is shown. The article studies that the use of the MS Excel table processor to calculate the empirical value of the criterion, the average arithmetic and standard deviation, etc., provides an opportunity to automate the statistical analysis of data in pedagogical research, which is part of the qualifying work in the preparation of masters of the humanitarian profile of the pedagogical university

Psychoanalytic sociology and the traumas of history: Alexander Mitscherlich between the disciplines

This article examines the way aspects of recent history were excluded in key studies emerging from psychoanalytic social psychology of the mid-twentieth century. It draws on work by Erikson, Marcuse and Fromm, but focuses in particular on Alexander Mitscherlich. Mitscherlich, a social psychologist associated with the later Frankfurt school, was also the most important psychoanalytic figure in postwar Germany. This makes his work significant for tracing ways in which historical experience of the war and Nazism was filtered out of psychosocial narratives in this period, in favour of more structural analyses of the dynamics of social authority. Mitscherlich?s 1967 work The Inability to Mourn, co-authored with Margarete Mitscherlich, is often cited as the point at which the ?missing? historical experience flooded back into psychoanalytic accounts of society. I argue that this landmark publication doesn?t hail the shift towards the psychoanalysis of historical experience with which it is often associated. These more sociological writers of the mid-century were writing before the impact of several trends occurring in the 1980s-90s which decisively shifted psychoanalytic attention away from the investigation of social authority and towards a focus on historical trauma. Ultimately this is also a narrative about the transformations which occur when psychoanalysis moves across disciplines

Motive-Oriented Psychotherapeutic Relationship Facing a Patient Presenting with Narcissistic Personality Disorder: A Case Study

Motive-oriented therapeutic relationship (MOTHER), a prescriptive concept based on an integrative form of case formulation, the Plan Analysis (PA) method (Caspar, in: Eells (ed.), Handbook of psychotherapy case formulations, 2007), has shown to be of particular relevance for the treatment of patients presenting with personality disorders, in particular contributing to better therapeutic outcome and to a more constructive development of the therapeutic alliance over time (Kramer et al., J Nerv Ment Dis 199:244–250, 2011). Several therapy models refer to MOTHER as intervention principle with regard to borderline and Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD) (Sachse et al., Clarification-oriented psychotherapy of narcissistic personality disorder, 2011; Caspar and Berger, in: Dulz et al. (eds.), Handbuch der Borderline-Störungen, 2011). The present case study discusses the case of Mark, a 40-year-old patient presenting with NPD, along with anxious, depressive and anger problems. This patient underwent a seven-session long pre-therapy process, based on psychiatric and psychotherapeutic principles complemented with PA and MOTHER, in preparation for further treatment. MOTHER will be illustrated with patient–therapist verbatim from session 4 and the links between MOTHER and confrontation techniques will be discussed in the context of process-outcome hypotheses, in particular the effect of MOTHER on symptom reduction. This research was supported by SNSF and funded by Grant No: 100014_134562/1

Two Distinct Modes of Hypoosmotic Medium-Induced Release of Excitatory Amino Acids and Taurine in the Rat Brain In Vivo

A variety of physiological and pathological factors induce cellular swelling in the brain. Changes in cell volume activate several types of ion channels, which mediate the release of inorganic and organic osmolytes and allow for compensatory cell volume decrease. Volume-regulated anion channels (VRAC) are thought to be responsible for the release of some of organic osmolytes, including the excitatory neurotransmitters glutamate and aspartate. In the present study, we compared the in vivo properties of the swelling-activated release of glutamate, aspartate, and another major brain osmolyte taurine. Cell swelling was induced by perfusion of hypoosmotic (low [NaCl]) medium via a microdialysis probe placed in the rat cortex. The hypoosmotic medium produced several-fold increases in the extracellular levels of glutamate, aspartate and taurine. However, the release of the excitatory amino acids differed from the release of taurine in several respects including: (i) kinetic properties, (ii) sensitivity to isoosmotic changes in [NaCl], and (iii) sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide, which is known to modulate VRAC. Consistent with the involvement of VRAC, hypoosmotic medium-induced release of the excitatory amino acids was inhibited by the anion channel blocker DNDS, but not by the glutamate transporter inhibitor TBOA or Cd2+, which inhibits exocytosis. In order to elucidate the mechanisms contributing to taurine release, we studied its release properties in cultured astrocytes and cortical synaptosomes. Similarities between the results obtained in vivo and in synaptosomes suggest that the swelling-activated release of taurine in vivo may be of neuronal origin. Taken together, our findings indicate that different transport mechanisms and/or distinct cellular sources mediate hypoosmotic medium-induced release of the excitatory amino acids and taurine in vivo

Genetic predisposition to ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast

Background: Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a non-invasive form of breast cancer. It is often associated with invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), and is considered to be a non-obligate precursor of IDC. It is not clear to what extent these two forms of cancer share low-risk susceptibility loci, or whether there are differences in the strength of association for shared loci. Methods: To identify genetic polymorphisms that predispose to DCIS, we pooled data from 38 studies comprising 5,067 cases of DCIS, 24,584 cases of IDC and 37,467 controls, all genotyped using the iCOGS chip. Results: Most (67 %) of the 76 known breast cancer predisposition loci showed an association with DCIS in the same direction as previously reported for invasive breast cancer. Case-only analysis showed no evidence for differences between associations for IDC and DCIS after considering multiple testing. Analysis by estrogen receptor (ER) status confirmed that loci associated with ER positive IDC were also associated with ER positive DCIS. Analysis of DCIS by grade suggested that two independent SNPs at 11q13.3 near CCND1 were specific to low/intermediate grade DCIS (rs75915166, rs554219). These associations with grade remained after adjusting for ER status and were also found in IDC. We found no novel DCIS-specific loci at a genome wide significance level of P < 5.0x10-8. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study provides the strongest evidence to date of a shared genetic susceptibility for IDC and DCIS. Studies with larger numbers of DCIS are needed to determine if IDC or DCIS specific loci exist

Genome-Wide Association Study in BRCA1 Mutation Carriers Identifies Novel Loci Associated with Breast and Ovarian Cancer Risk

BRCA1-associated breast and ovarian cancer risks can be modified by common genetic variants. To identify further cancer risk-modifying loci, we performed a multi-stage GWAS of 11,705 BRCA1 carriers (of whom 5,920 were diagnosed with breast and 1,839 were diagnosed with ovarian cancer), with a further replication in an additional sample of 2,646 BRCA1 carriers. We identified a novel breast cancer risk modifier locus at 1q32 for BRCA1 carriers (rs2290854, P = 2.7×10-8, HR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.09-1.20). In addition, we identified two novel ovarian cancer risk modifier loci: 17q21.31 (rs17631303, P = 1.4×10-8, HR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.17-1.38) and 4q32.3 (rs4691139, P = 3.4×10-8, HR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.17-1.38). The 4q32.3 locus was not associated with ovarian cancer risk in the general population or BRCA2 carriers, suggesting a BRCA1-specific associat

The Vaccination Model in Psychoneuroimmunology Research: A Review

This chapter explores the reasoning behind using the vaccination model to examine the influence of psychosocial factors on immunity. It then briefly discusses the mechanics of the vaccination response and the protocols used in psychoneuroimmunology vaccine research, before giving examples from the research literature of the studies examining relationships such as the association between stress and vaccination response. It also explores the ways the vaccination model can be used to answer key questions in psychoneuroimmunology, such as the following: “Does it matter when stressful life events occur relative to when the vaccine is received?” “What are the effects of prior exposure to the antigen?” “Do other psychosocial factors influence vaccine response besides stress?” Finally, it briefly considers the mechanisms underlying psychosocial factors and vaccination response associations and the future research needed to understand these better, and indeed to use current and future knowledge to improve and enhance vaccine responses in key at-risk populations