Towards the clinical implementation of pharmacogenetics in bipolar disorder.

BackgroundBipolar disorder (BD) is a psychiatric illness defined by pathological alterations between the mood states of mania and depression, causing disability, imposing healthcare costs and elevating the risk of suicide. Although effective treatments for BD exist, variability in outcomes leads to a large number of treatment failures, typically followed by a trial and error process of medication switches that can take years. Pharmacogenetic testing (PGT), by tailoring drug choice to an individual, may personalize and expedite treatment so as to identify more rapidly medications well suited to individual BD patients.DiscussionA number of associations have been made in BD between medication response phenotypes and specific genetic markers. However, to date clinical adoption of PGT has been limited, often citing questions that must be answered before it can be widely utilized. These include: What are the requirements of supporting evidence? How large is a clinically relevant effect? What degree of specificity and sensitivity are required? Does a given marker influence decision making and have clinical utility? In many cases, the answers to these questions remain unknown, and ultimately, the question of whether PGT is valid and useful must be determined empirically. Towards this aim, we have reviewed the literature and selected drug-genotype associations with the strongest evidence for utility in BD.SummaryBased upon these findings, we propose a preliminary panel for use in PGT, and a method by which the results of a PGT panel can be integrated for clinical interpretation. Finally, we argue that based on the sufficiency of accumulated evidence, PGT implementation studies are now warranted. We propose and discuss the design for a randomized clinical trial to test the use of PGT in the treatment of BD

Cultivos de invierno. Informes técnicos de INTA Balcarce 2019

Esta publicación reúne información sobre cultivos de invierno, generada durante la campaña 2018/19, con la participación de la Unidad Integrada Balcarce: Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias de la Universidad Nacional del Mar del Plata (FCA, UNMDP) y Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce del Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA Balcarce). La obra cubre una amplia gama temática incluyendo el análisis de las condiciones meteorológicas de la campaña; la evaluación del rendimiento, la estabilidad, la sanidad, la calidad y el efecto del nivel tecnológico sobre distintos cultivares y cultivos invernales; la comparación de rendimiento entre cultivares de trigo argentinos y paraguayos; la estimación del daño causado por heladas tardías en trigo; el estrés hídrico de soja intersembrada en trigo; la presentación de herramientas informáticas para facilitar la elección de cultivares de trigo y de cebada, en Argentina y en Paraguay; la descripción de cultivos ancestrales alternativos a los cultivos tradicionales y el reconocimiento a Agrónomos que dedicaron su vida profesional al trigo.EEA BalcarceFil: Abbate, Pablo Eduardo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina.Fil: Ballesteros, Alberto Hugo María. Instituto Nacional de Semillas. Dirección de Registro de Variedades; ArgentinaFil: Bonomo, Adriana Julia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Gerencia de Informática y Gestión de la Información; ArgentinaFil: Cabral Farias, Carlos Alejandro. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentina.Fil: Cambareri, Gustavo Sebastián. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentina.Fil: Cambareri, Matías Alejandro. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina.Fil: Carpaneto, Barbara Bettina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentina.Fil: Chavez Sanabria, Pedro Ramón. Instituto Paraguayo de Tecnología Agraria Capitán Miranda; Paraguay.Fil: Conti, Veronica Andrea. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bordenave; Argentina.Fil: Haros, Claudia Monica. Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos del Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas de España; España.Fil: Kohli, Man Mohan. Cámara Paraguaya de Exportadores y Comercializadores de Cereales y Oleaginosas; Paraguay.Fil: Martino, Diana Laura. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina.Fil: Moreyra, Federico. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bordenave; Argentina.Fil: Muñoz, Marcio Ezequiel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentina.Fil: Ross, Fernando. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Barrow; Argentina

A review of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their substitutions in full‐scale wastewater treatment plants

Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) become a main contributor of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their substitutions present in freshwater systems. This paper reviews PAHs and their substitutions in full-scale WWTPs including their fate and behaviors, analytical techniques, biological treatments, feasibility examination, and modeling. In addition, challenges and future outlook are also highlighted. This study found that PAHs and their substitutions have been detected in WWTPs. GC-MS and HPLC analytical methods have been found to be acceptable for the detection and analysis of PAHs and their substitutions. Although some biological treatments such as activated sludge and membrane bioreactors are capable for the treatment process, their technical, social, economic, and environmental aspects must be considered. The fate and treatability estimator (FATE) model has been used for the modeling of removal of PAHs in full-scale WWTPs, but in some cases their shortcoming has been reported, which calls for an evaluation and modification of the model based on physicochemical processes