The Effects of Niacin and Aerobic Exercise in Postmenopausal Women Glucose, Insulin and C-Peptide Profiles

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Towards Sustainable Lactic Acid Production: Avoiding Gypsum as a Byproduct by using Selective Liquid‐Phase Adsorption

The utilization of biomass is one of the major challenges for the transition from fossil to renewable resources. Often, the separation of the desired product from the reaction mixture is the most energy-intensive step. Liquid-phase adsorption is a promising separation technology that could significantly improve downstream processing in biorefineries. Highly hydrophobic adsorbents were applied for the separation of lactic acid (LA) from aqueous solutions and to avoid the formation of gypsum as a byproduct. High uptakes and selectivity were obtained in single-solute and co-adsorption experiments. Porous hyper-crosslinked polymers (HCP) and polymer-based spherical activated carbon performed best and showed excellent selectivity for the selective removal of LA. Desorption experiments revealed that HCP was the ideal adsorbent for the separation of LA from aqueous solution and enabled the production of gypsum-free LA

Innovation Contests with Entry Auction

We consider procurement of an innovation from heterogeneous sellers. Innovations are random but depend on unobservable effort and private information. We compare two procurement mechanisms where potential sellers first bid in an auction for admission to an innovation contest. After the contest, an innovation is procured employing either a fixed prize or a first-price auction. We characterize Bayesian Nash equilibria such that both mechanisms are payoff-equivalent and induce the same efforts and innovations. In these equilibria, signaling in the entry auction does not occur since contestants play a simple strategy that does not depend on rivals' private information

Influence of Support Material on the Structural Evolution of Copper during Electrochemical CO2 Reduction

The copper-catalyzed electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction represents an elegant pathway to reduce CO2 emissions while producing a wide range of valuable hydrocarbons. The selectivity for these products depends strongly on the structure and morphology of the copper catalyst. However, continued deactivation during catalysis alters the obtained product spectrum. In this work, we report on the stabilizing effect of three different carbon supports with unique pore structures. The influence of pore structure on stability and selectivity was examined by high-angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy and gas chromatography measurements in a micro-flow cell. Supporting particles into confined space was found to increase the barrier for particle agglomeration during 20 h of chronopotentiometry measurements at 100 mA cm−2 resembling long-term CO2 reduction conditions. We propose a catalyst design preventing coalescence and agglomeration in harsh electrochemical reaction conditions, exemplarily demonstrated for the electrocatalytic CO2 reduction. With this work, we provide important insights into the design of stable CO2 electrocatalysts that can potentially be applied to a wide range of applications

Correction to: Outcomes of parathyroidectomy versus calcimimetics for secondary hyperparathyroidism and kidney transplantation:a propensity-matched analysis

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake on the fifth and eleventh author names, from Schelto Kruijf to Schelto Kruijff and from Tessa van Ginhoven to Tessa M. van Ginhoven. The corrected author names are shown below. Schelto Kruijff and Tessa M. van Ginhoven

Outcomes of parathyroidectomy versus calcimimetics for secondary hyperparathyroidism and kidney transplantation:a propensity-matched analysis

Purpose: Calcimimetics are currently indicated for severe secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT). However, the role of parathyroidectomy (PTX) for these patients is still under debate, and its impact on subsequent kidney transplantation (KTX) is unclear. In this study, we compare the outcomes of kidney transplantation after PTX or medical treatment. Methods: Patients who underwent KTX and had SHPT were analyzed retrospectively. Two groups were selected (patients who had either PTX or calcimimetics prior to KTX) using a propensity score for sex, age, donor type, and parathyroid hormone levels (PTH) during dialysis. The primary outcome was graft failure, and secondary outcomes were surgical KTX complications, survival, serum PTH, serum calcium, and serum phosphate levels post-KTX. Results: Matching succeeded for 92 patients. After PTX, PTH was significantly lower on the day of KTX as well as at 1 and 3 years post-KTX (14.00 pmol/L (3.80–34.00) vs. 71.30 pmol/L (30.70–108.30), p < 0.01, 10.10 pmol/L (2.00–21.00) vs. 32.35 pmol/L (21.58–51.76), p < 0.01 and 13.00 pmol/L (6.00–16.60) vs. 19.25 pmol/L (13.03–31.88), p = 0.027, respectively). No significant differences in post-KTX calcium and phosphate levels were noted between groups. Severe KTX complications were more common in the calcimimetics group (56.5% vs. 30.4%, p = 0.047). There were no differences in 10-year graft failure and overall survival. Conclusion: PTX resulted in lower PTH after KTX in comparison to patients who received calcimimetics. Severe complications were more common after calcimimetics, but graft failure and overall survival were similar

Timing of Parathyroidectomy Does Not Influence Renal Function After Kidney Transplantation

BACKGROUND: Parathyroidectomy (PTx) is the treatment of choice for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients with therapy-resistant hyperparathyroidism (HPT). The optimal timing of PTx for ESRD-related HPT-before or after kidney transplantation (KTx)-is subject of debate.METHODS: Patients with ESRD-related HPT who underwent both PTx and KTx between 1994 and 2015 were included in a multicenter retrospective study in four university hospitals. Two groups were formed according to treatment sequence: PTx before KTx (PTxKTx) and PTx after KTx (KTxPTx). Primary endpoint was renal function (eGFR, CKD-EPI) between both groups at several time points post-transplantation. Correlation between the timing of PTx and KTx and the course of eGFR was assessed using generalized estimating equations (GEE).RESULTS: The PTxKTx group consisted of 102 (55.1%) and the KTxPTx group of 83 (44.9%) patients. Recipient age, donor type, PTx type, and pre-KTx PTH levels were significantly different between groups. At 5 years after transplantation, eGFR was similar in the PTxKTx group (eGFR 44.5 ± 4.0 ml/min/1.73 m2) and KTxPTx group (40.0 ± 6.4 ml/min/1.73 m2, p = 0.43). The unadjusted GEE model showed that timing of PTx was not correlated with graft function over time (mean difference -1.0 ml/min/1.73 m2, 95% confidence interval -8.4 to 6.4, p = 0.79). Adjustment for potential confounders including recipient age and sex, various donor characteristics, PTx type, and PTH levels did not materially influence the results.CONCLUSIONS: In this multicenter cohort study, timing of PTx before or after KTx does not independently impact graft function over time.</p