Теоретико-прикладные аспекты взаимодействия международной и национальной правовых систем

The subject. The interaction of modern national legal systems and the international legal system is still the most controversial legal phenomenon. An exclusively national approach to solving issues of the general theory of international law could not and cannot justify expectations and close the need for legal comprehension. The situation is aggravated by the fact that, at the level of universal international law, the solution of issues on the agenda with the help of positive methods of legal regulation, and, consequently, the implementation of the norms of existing international treaties today are criticized, tested and often completely violated. The implementation of the norms of existing international treaties is increasingly faced with attempts to refute their postulates using the "customs" under which those "rules" are veiled. In such conditions, national legal systems may experience an increased "feeling of jealousy" to their sovereignty and try to "close" as much as possible using the principle of non-interference in the internal affairs of the state.Purpose of the study. In such conditions, it is most important to choose the right vector in improving international law, and not order, law based on normative principles. It is important to correctly "choose the key" to harmonizing the will of sovereign states of our time. The article is devoted to the search for a more correct way of developing international law through its interaction, and not counteraction with the national one.Methodology. The research was carried out using a formal legal interpretation of international legal acts, as well as a comparative analysis of Russian and foreign legal literature. Structural and systemic methods are also the backbone of the study. The conclusions of the work are based on dialectical unity and the struggle of opposites, as well as on interacting deduction and induction in relation to legal systems.The main results. The growing trend towards fragmentation of international law leads to a reduction in the base of sources in the universal sphere of international law. The intensification of regionalization and the creation of regional unions of sovereign states is becoming a source of polar processes: on the one hand, supranational control over the observance of international law by states within their legal system increases, on the other hand, natural situations of non-execution of decisions of international judicial bodies arise. Such situations, without a proper assessment of the reasons for the issuance of the international acts of law enforcement themselves, can lead to unfounded criticism. There is an impressive amount of work in the field of correlation between international and national law, as well as in the field of enforcement of decisions of international judicial bodies. Despite this, in the field of practical implementation of the norms of international law, there remains a lack of doctrinal developments. Such a situation will inevitably lead to attempts to create a semblance of a norm, an escalation of confrontation, and an inability to reach agreement on issues on the agenda. The situation at the level of the universal international legal system is aggravating, therefore, the verification of the limits of competence of regional education authorities, in particular of supranational judicial control bodies, becomes even more important.Сonclusions. The author comes to the conclusion that, on the one hand, in the sphere of universal international law, there is a reduction in the base of sources of international law. On the other hand, in the field of regional international integration, on the contrary, the number of sources of international legal regulation is increasing, and the process of their implementation is intensifying. Universal international law based on the principles of the UN Charter is the most qualitative regulator of the field of international public relations. However, at the present stage of development of the international community, regional integration may well come to its aid: through regional interaction, the consolidation of the wills of sovereign states can and should be achieved a legal constructive dialogue on key issues of already universal international law. Using the approaches of national legal regulation exclusively and unilaterally, it is impossible to productively approach issues of international law: neither in the field of creating international organizations of various types, nor in matters of fulfilling obligations under international law. According to the results of the study, it was concluded that only non-confrontational interaction of specialists in the field of international and national (primarily constitutional) law can provide the construction of the most effective model of interaction of these legal systems. This requires a transformation of the basic approaches to the issues of interaction between international and national law. The basic unity of the general theory of law and the specific features of legal systems should be the starting points for doctrinal research of existing legal structures and the practice of their implementation.Выделяются аспекты функционирования международного права, которые отражаются на самом процессе взаимодействия международной и национальной правовых систем. Делается предположение о том, что эффективным способом прогрессивного развития международной правовой системы, испытывающей сейчас серьезную нагрузку, и ее взаимодействия с национальными правовыми системами может стать дальнейшее развитие институтов региональной интеграции. В области международно-правовых стандартов прав и свобод человека констатируется эффективность взаимодействия правовых систем в формате создания соответствующих норм Основного закона государства. Этот вывод порождает правовое обоснование расширения компетенции органа конституционного контроля в области взаимодействия национального и международного права

THE USE OF LOGISTIC APPROACHES IN THE MANAGEMENT OF THE WAREHOUSE OF TEMPORARY STORAGE

The article examines the process of customs and logistics activities in the use of a temporary storage warehouse. The article presents the sequence of storage operations, the services of temporary storage warehouses. A logistics approach to inventory optimization of materials handling is to conduct a minimum number of inventory actions, the reduced costs for processing one ton of cargo and absolute satisfaction of the customer order

THE USE OF LOGISTIC APPROACHES IN THE MANAGEMENT OF THE WAREHOUSE OF TEMPORARY STORAGE

The article examines the process of customs and logistics activities in the use of a temporary storage warehouse. The article presents the sequence of storage operations, the services of temporary storage warehouses. A logistics approach to inventory optimization of materials handling is to conduct a minimum number of inventory actions, the reduced costs for processing one ton of cargo and absolute satisfaction of the customer order

CHARACTERISTIC OF PEDICULARIS SIBIRICA SUBSP. URALENSIS (VVED.) IVANINA ROOTS FROM CENTRAL URAL MOUNTAINS

Descriptions of underground bodies of parasitic plants, growing in the Urals, are necessary for detection of the general regularities of the adaptation of plants to food at the expense of host resources. Root researches of Pedicularis sibirica subsp. uralensis (Vved.) Ivanina is conducted. It confirmed existence of structural macroscopic and microscopic differentiation of roots long-term hemiparasitic Scrophs that was noted for the first time.Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке Уральского отделения РАН (проект № 12-И-4-2023)

Formation ethical -deontological communication skills in student pharmacist during st Udy Ing of the phytotherapy

The article discusses the main problems of the pharmacist students in relation with development of general educational competences for communication on professional issues. Methods of training of ethico-deontological skills in the process of mastering the discipline of phytotherapy are offered. Opportunities of interactive technologies are disclosed, as well as project activities for the development of the ability to provide competent consultative assistance to the population in full-time and part-time students.В статье обсуждены основные сложности, существующие у современных студентов-фармацевтов при освоении общекультурных компетенций для общения по профессиональным вопросам. Предложены способы тренировки этико-деонтологических навыков в процессе освоения элективной дисциплины «Фитотерапия». Раскрыты возможности интерактивных технологий, а также проектной деятельности для развития умения оказания грамотной консультативной помощи населению у студентов очной и заочной формы обучения

Состязательное соблюдение Россией и США Договора по космосу 1967 г.

Introduction. Thе Russian Federation and the USA, being parties to the 1967 Outer Space Treaty, in their national legal acts refer to this source. Each of these states recognizes that the 1967 Outer Space regime is to be perfected, while having different legal outer space policy. The USA is a leader of the military outer space infrastructure and of creation national outer space legislation and separate international agreements (“The Artemis Accords”), thus imposing its own track to develop the 1967 Treaty.Materials and methods. This research addresses relevant international documents on international space law as well as acts of national legislation pertaining to the topic. Research results. In modern political conditions the quality of a state defense and its economic development is linked to the efficiency of the outer space infrastructure, including communication and reconnaissance satellites. While the U.S. intends to achieve military supremacy in the outer space, the 1967 Treaty seems to be a barrier to such intention although the U.S. provides its own interpretation of the Treaty. Another significant area of competition between Russia and USA in the outer space legal policy is the observance of the natural resources treaty provisions. According to the USA, a state is entitled unilaterally exploit the space resources, and its persons are entitled to commercial use of such resources based on national law. This position of the United States resulted in creation of its national legislation opportunities for natural resources activities in outer space. The Russian Federation continues to defend multilateral approach to the exploitation of space resources and to call upon strictly observance of the 1967 Outer Space Treaty. There are also competitive legal positions of the USA and Russia relating to the notion of “common province of mankind” provided by the 1967 Treaty.The main results. In this context, the paper after providing prolegomena to the competitive principle in international law, suggests some theoretical ideas for perfecting of the legal position of the Russian Federation as a response to the modern outer space legal policy of the USA.Discussion and conclusions. In the legal literature on this issue different views are assessed – from a radical rejection of the US model of behavior and continuation of efforts to strengthen the 1967 Treaty regime, to proposals to adopt a new national Russian legislation providing rights of persons to exploit the natural resources of celestial bodies, thus provid-ing incentives for private investors. This track leads to more competition with the USA, observing at the same time the 1967 Treaty as the “corpus juris specialis”.Будучи участниками Договора по космосу 1967 г., Россия и США проводят состязательную политику по совершенствованию режима, созданного указанным договором. Международно-правовая политика США нацелена на «уточнение» этого режима посредством сепаратных соглашений «Артемида». В статье исследуется, как оптимальнее для России реагировать на это в контексте договорных положений о мирном использовании космоса и о неприсвоении природных ресурсов небесных тел

Специализация и концентрация работников малых и средних предприятий: российские данные

Goal of study is to assess the current level of industry concentration and regional specialization small and medium enterprises in Russia using Krugman indices. The study uses official statistics for 2016, describing the number of enterprises employees located in 80 regions and specializing in 13 types of economic activity. In this research they determine the indices values of enterprises industry concentration and regional specialization. Authors also carry out comparative analysis of changes in the values of these indices for the period from 2010 to 2016. They also establish the patterns characteristic of industry concentration and regional specialization.Целью исследования является оценка текущего уровня отраслевой концентрации и региональной специализации малых и средних предприятий России с использованием индексов Кругмана. В исследовании используется официальная статистика за 2016 год, описывающая численность работников предприятий, расположенных в 80 регионах и специализирующихся на 13 видах экономической деятельности. В данном исследовании определены значения индексов отраслевой концентрации и региональной специализации. Приводится сравнительный анализ изменений значений этих показателей за период с 2010 по 2016 год. Установлены закономерности, характерные для концентрации производства малых и средних предприятий и их территориальной специализации

Theory of differential inclusions and its application in mechanics

The following chapter deals with systems of differential equations with discontinuous right-hand sides. The key question is how to define the solutions of such systems. The most adequate approach is to treat discontinuous systems as systems with multivalued right-hand sides (differential inclusions). In this work three well-known definitions of solution of discontinuous system are considered. We will demonstrate the difference between these definitions and their application to different mechanical problems. Mathematical models of drilling systems with discontinuous friction torque characteristics are considered. Here, opposite to classical Coulomb symmetric friction law, the friction torque characteristic is asymmetrical. Problem of sudden load change is studied. Analytical methods of investigation of systems with such asymmetrical friction based on the use of Lyapunov functions are demonstrated. The Watt governor and Chua system are considered to show different aspects of computer modeling of discontinuous systems