Japanese Students’ Studies at the École Centrale des Arts et Manufactures in Paris in the 1870s and its Impact on Urban Planning

Between 1876 and 1879, young Japanese elites in the field of construction were selected by the government and sent to France to study at the École Centrale des Arts et Manufactures in Paris (hereafter ÉCAM). This study discusses the features of technical education at ÉCAM during that period and reconsiders its impact on the planning history of Japan through the practices of its students after their return. It focuses on the activities of Hanroku Yamaguchi (1858-1900) who finally drafted the Plan for Ōsaka in 1899, unrealized but one of the pioneering Japanese city plans. The Plan was strongly associated with public works which was to be supervised by his Paris colleagues—Kōi Furuichi and Tadao Okino—and with his practice on industrial buildings in Ōsaka. Its distinguished feature was industry-oriented design associated with his learning in France. Moreover, this paper discusses the limitations and scope of the transmission and localization of planning ideas

Review of tropospheric bomb C-14 data for carbon cycle modeling and age calibration purposes

Comprehensive published radiocarbon data from selected atmospheric records, tree rings, and recent organic matter were analyzed and grouped into 4 different zones (three for the Northern Hemisphere and one for the whole Southern Hemisphere). These C-14 data for the summer season of each hemisphere were employed to construct zonal, hemispheric, and global data sets for use in regional and global carbon model calculations including calibrating and comparing carbon cycle models. In addition, extended monthly atmospheric C-14 data sets for 4 different zones were compiled for age calibration purposes. This is the first time these data sets were constructed to facilitate the dating of recent organic material using the bomb C-14 curves. The distribution of bomb C-14 reflects the major zones of atmospheric circulation

MESURES D’APPLICATIONS POUR LA REUSSITE DE LA COUVERTURE VACCINALE DE ROUTINE DES ENFANTS DE 0 À 59 MOIS DANS LA ZONE DE SANTE DE KIKIMI, DIVISION PROVINCIALE DE KINSHASA EN REPUBLIQUE DEMOCRATIQUE DU CONGO

La connaissance du calendrier vaccinal par les mères ou gardiennes d’enfants est indispensable pour le suivi correct des rendez-vous de vaccination. Il en est de même pour les maladies cibles du PEV. Ainsi pour améliorer ces connaissances et amener les mères ou gardiennes d’enfants à adhérer au PEV, il faut renforcer les activités de communication de masse et de proximité, le renforcement des dynamiques communautaires au niveau de la zone  en partenariat avec les ONG et les Organisations Communautaires de Base (OCB), alors que pour améliorer les  couvertures vaccinales de routine au niveau des points de prestation de service  l’amélioration de l’offre de service et prendre en compte les facteurs  sociaux tels que l’éducation, l’économie et la gouvernance.La connaissance du calendrier vaccinal par les mères ou gardiennes d’enfants est indispensable pour le suivi correct des rendez-vous de vaccination. Il en est de même pour les maladies cibles du PEV. Ainsi pour améliorer ces connaissances et amener les mères ou gardiennes d’enfants à adhérer au PEV, il faut renforcer les activités de communication de masse et de proximité, le renforcement des dynamiques communautaires au niveau de la zone  en partenariat avec les ONG et les Organisations Communautaires de Base (OCB), alors que pour améliorer les  couvertures vaccinales de routine au niveau des points de prestation de service  l’amélioration de l’offre de service et prendre en compte les facteurs  sociaux tels que l’éducation, l’économie et la gouvernance

Influence of atmospheric circulation on regional 14CO2 differences

Detailed analyses of published 14C data from tree rings and atmospheric CO2 samples for the northern tropics in Asia (India, Thailand, and Vietnam) and Africa (Ethiopia) have been performed for the heavily bomb-influenced period 1963-1967 A.D. The results show that the Asian summer monsoon and Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) position influenced atmospheric 14CO2 over the study area. Similar analyses of atmospheric records for northern and western Europe, northwestern Africa, and the northeastern United States and tree ring data for east Asia show that the Northern Hemisphere distribution of bomb 14C for 1963-1967 depended on atmospheric circulation controlled by the seasonal positions of Hadley cell boundaries and the ITCZ. The distribution of 14C did not have a simple latitudinal dependence. This work shows that the seasonal atmospheric circulation patterns are crucial for the description of atmospheric 14C gradients during the bomb peak period. These principles can be applied to the interpretation of the small intrahemispheric 14C offsets of the remote past. Copyright 2007 by the American Geophysical Union

Three modern campuses in Nagoya, Japan

Nagoya features some of the most important examples of campus architecture in Japan, located on three university campuses. Nagoya University’s Higashiyama Campus is distinguished for its symbolic axis, capped off by Toyoda Memorial Hall, which was completed in 1960 as Fumihiko Maki’s first work in Japan. Nanzan University’s campus was designed by Czech-born American architect Antonin Raymond and was completed in 1964 with the appearance of an academic hill town. The campus of Aichi Prefectura..