3 research outputs found
Isolation of Active Organic Compounds from Phyllanthus Aibizzoides (Kurz Hook.f.) (Shit-Shar) and Phyllanthus Maderaspatensis L. (Taw-Zee-Phyu)
This research deals with the investigation of active organic compounds from the whole plant of Taw-zee-phyu, TZP (Phyllanthus maderaspatensis L.) and barks of Shit-shar, SS (Phyllanthus albizzioides (Kurz) Hook.f.). One compound, quercetin-3-O-β-D- glucopyranosyl (1-4) α-rhamnopyranoside from EtOAc extract of TZP and two compounds : lupeol and (E)-pentyl 3-3,4dihydroxyphenyl acrylate from pet-ether extract of SS bark were isolated by solvent extraction followed by column and thin layer chromatographic separation methods. The structures of isolated compounds were elucidated and identified by modern spectroscopic techniques such as UV, FT IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 2DNMR such as 1H-1H COSY, NOESY, HSQC and HMBC, and ESI- MS.All of these isolated compounds showed the antioxidant activity in the order of : quercetin-3-O-β-D- glucopyranosyl (1-4) α- rhamnopyranoside (IC50= 2.50 μg/mL) > lupeol (IC50 = 4.97 μg/mL) > (E)-pentyl 3-3,4dihydroxyphenyl acrylate (IC50 = 7.78 μg/mL), determined by DPPH radical scavenging assay
Investigation of the Bioactive Principles and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Effect of some Myanmar Traditional Medicinal Plants
This research is focused on the evaluation of a-glucosidase inhibitors from eight Myanmar
traditional medicinal plants such as Ammomum xanthoides Wall., Commelina communis Linn.,
Crataeva religiosa Forst., Eupatorium odoratum Linn., Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr.,
Momordica charantia Linn., Spirulina and Syzygium grande (WI) Walp.. All of these medicinal
plants have been reported to possess the antidiabetic potential. In the present work, watery and
ethanolic extracts, and some isolated compounds such as lupeol, lupeol acetate, friedelin, betulinic
acid, gallic acid, stigmasterol, taraxasterol, B-sitosterol-B-D-glucoside, stearic acid, B-sitosterol,
vitamin C, charatin and A. xanthoides essential oil were used to investigate their inhibitory effect on a-
glucosidase enzyme activity. All of the selected medicinal plant extracts (IC50 = 0.14 ~ 2.07 µg/ml) as
well as the isolated compounds (IC50 = 0.47 ~ 1.91 µg/ml) were found to show the a-glucosidase
inhibitory activity. These values were found to be comparable with Voglibose (IC50 = 0.32 µg/ml),
which was used as a reference in this study. Therefore these plants may be used as sources of natural
a-glucosidase inhibitors in control or management of the postprandial hyperglycemia, Type 2 diabetes
Childhood encephalitis in the Greater Mekong region (the SouthEast Asia Encephalitis Project): a multicentre prospective study
International audienceBackgroundEncephalitis is a worldwide public health issue, with a substantially high burden among children in southeast Asia. We aimed to determine the causes of encephalitis in children admitted to hospitals across the Greater Mekong region by implementing a comprehensive state-of-the-art diagnostic procedure harmonised across all centres, and identifying clinical characteristics related to patients’ conditions.MethodsIn this multicentre, observational, prospective study of childhood encephalitis, four referral hospitals in Cambodia, Vietnam, Laos, and Myanmar recruited children (aged 28 days to 16 years) who presented with altered mental status lasting more than 24 h and two of the following minor criteria: fever (within the 72 h before or after presentation), one or more generalised or partial seizures (excluding febrile seizures), a new-onset focal neurological deficit, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) white blood cell count of 5 per mL or higher, or brain imaging (CT or MRI) suggestive of lesions of encephalitis. Comprehensive diagnostic procedures were harmonised across all centres, with first-line testing was done on samples taken at inclusion and results delivered within 24 h of inclusion for main treatable causes of disease and second-line testing was done thereafter for mostly non-treatable causes. An independent expert medical panel reviewed the charts and attribution of causes of all the included children. Using multivariate analyses, we assessed risk factors associated with unfavourable outcomes (ie, severe neurological sequelae and death) at discharge using data from baseline and day 2 after inclusion. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04089436, and is now complete.FindingsBetween July 28, 2014, and Dec 31, 2017, 664 children with encephalitis were enrolled. Median age was 4·3 years (1·8–8·8), 295 (44%) children were female, and 369 (56%) were male. A confirmed or probable cause of encephalitis was identified in 425 (64%) patients: 216 (33%) of 664 cases were due to Japanese encephalitis virus, 27 (4%) were due to dengue virus, 26 (4%) were due to influenza virus, 24 (4%) were due to herpes simplex virus 1, 18 (3%) were due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, 17 (3%) were due to Streptococcus pneumoniae, 17 (3%) were due to enterovirus A71, 74 (9%) were due to other pathogens, and six (1%) were due to autoimmune encephalitis. Diagnosis was made within 24 h of admission to hospital for 83 (13%) of 664 children. 119 (18%) children had treatable conditions and 276 (42%) had conditions that could have been preventable by vaccination. At time of discharge, 153 (23%) of 664 children had severe neurological sequelae and 83 (13%) had died. In multivariate analyses, risk factors for unfavourable outcome were diagnosis of M tuberculosis infection upon admission (odds ratio 3·23 [95% CI 1·04–10·03]), coma on day 2 (2·90 [1·78–4·72]), supplementary oxygen requirement (1·89 [1·25–2·86]), and more than 1 week duration between symptom onset and admission to hospital (3·03 [1·68–5·48]). At 1 year after inclusion, of 432 children who were discharged alive from hospital with follow-up data, 24 (5%) had died, 129 (30%) had neurological sequelae, and 279 (65%) had completely recovered.InterpretationIn southeast Asia, most causes of childhood encephalitis are either preventable or treatable, with Japanese encephalitis virus being the most common cause. We provide crucial information that could guide public health policy to improve diagnostic, vaccination, and early therapeutic guidelines on childhood encephalitis in the Greater Mekong region