7 research outputs found
Azzawi Dates (Phoenix dactylifera) as a Substitute for Corn as an Energy Source in Sheep Diet: In vitro Gas Production and Fermentation
In vitro gas production technique was used in the current study to evaluate Azzawi date (AD) as
a substitute for corn grain (CG). The AD was used to replace corn grain at graded levels in the proportion:
0:100 (CG), 25:75 (AD25), 50:50 (AD50), 75:25 (AD75), and 100:0 (AD100). Gas production (GP) was
continuously measured by incubating samples in buffered rumen fluid from cannulated sheep and it was
recorded at 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48 and 72h of incubation. Cumulative GP, kinetics of GP (a, b and c), ammonia
nitrogen (NH3-N) and volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentrations were determined, while metabolizable
energy (ME), net energy (NE), organic matter digestibility (OMD), microbial protein (MP) were estimated.
The gas volume was increased (P<0.05) at 12h with increasing the substitution levels of AD in the feed,
the values ranged between 31.3 and 44.7 ml/200 mg DM. However, it was found to be decreased (P<0.05)
at 48 and 72h with increasing substitution levels of AD. There were no differences in the gas production
found at 24h. Data of VFA, NE, OMD and MP were similar (P>0.05) among the feeds. The energy
(ME; MJ/kg DM) value of AD25 (10.4) and AD50 (10.3) were comparable to that of CG (10.5); however
it was reduced (P<0.05) with AD75 and AD100. Data demonstrated that, Azzawi date at the level of
50 g/100g of substrate (i.e., AD50) may have similar energy contents as of corn grain, and it can be used
as a source of energy in ruminant diets either alone or in combination with corn grain
Predicting Cutting Forces in Aluminum Using Polynomial Classifiers
AbstractDue to increased calls for environmentally benign machining processes, there has been focus and interest in making processes more lean and agile to enhance efficiency, reduce emissions and increase profitability. One approach to achieving lean machining is to develop a virtual simulation environment that enables fast and reasonably accurate predictions of various machining scenarios.Polynomial Classifiers (PCs) are employed to develop a smart data base that can provide fast prediction of cutting forces resulting from various combinations of cutting parameters. With time, the force model can expand to include different materials, tools, fixtures and machines and would be consulted prior to starting any job. In this work, first, second and third order classifiers are used to predict the cutting coefficients that can be used to determine the cutting forces. Predictions obtained using PCs are compared to experimental results and are shown to be in good agreement
Effects of urea supplementation on nutrient digestibility, nitrogen utilisation and rumen fermentation in sheep fed diets containing dates
Summary: The aim of the study was to determine the influence of increasing levels of urea
(i.e., 0 (U0); 10 (U10); and 15 (U15) g kg–1 of concentrate) in sheep fed diets containing
dates (local name: Azzawi), on nutrient intake and digestibility, N utilisation and ruminal
fermentation. To maintain iso-nitrogenous and iso-metabolisable energy diets, the dates
were added with increasing levels of urea. Sheep were fed a 400:600 (dry matter (DM)
basis) concentrate:berseem hay (Trifolium alexandrinum) diet. Twelve Barki sheep
(53.871.95 kg body weight) with three/diet were used in a randomised block design to
determine digestibility and N balance, while four ruminally cannulated Barki sheep
(56.672.15 kg body weight) were used in a 3 3 Latin square design to determine rumen
function. Experimental periods were 22 days with the first 15 days for adaptation. The
calculated metabolisable energy (MJ kg–1 DM) and actual crude protein (CP; g kg–1 DM)
contents were 12.17 and 156.1, 12.69 and 158.2 and 12.60 and 154.8, for the U0, U10 and
U15 diets, respectively. Increased urea feeding increased (Po0.05) digestibility of DM,
organic matter (OM) and CP. Rumen ammonia N concentrations, allantoin in urine and the
resultant microbial N supply increased linearly (Po0.05), as did the total ruminal volatile
fatty acid concentrations. Results suggest that urea supplementation to sheep diets
containing dates improved DM, OM and CP digestibility and substantially increased
rumen microbial growth as well as ruminal fermentation function