The Extent of Mathematics Teacher's Awareness of Their Students' Misconceptions in Learning Geometrical Concepts in the Intermediate Education Stage

This study aims to examine and highlight the extent of mathematics teacher's awareness of their student's geometrical misconceptions and mistakes in the intermediate education stage. The sample consisted of (400) first grade students and (40) teachers. The results showed that intermediate education stage students suffered from various geometrical misconceptions such as parallelogram, trapezoid, rhombus, etc. Additionally, the study spotlighted mathematics teachers' lack of awareness of their student's mistakes due to their poor introductory techniques, inability to put suitable instructional plans to teach geometrical concepts and analyze them into their sub-components, incapability to use various instructional methods to teach such concepts, and other negative factors. The study proposed some recommendation to benefit from by all concerned parties in the teachinglearning process to overcome students' geometrical misconceptions including educational planners, curricula authors, educational supervisors, and teachers. Finally, the study suggested some hints on future research in this field

Experimental demonstration of performance enhancement in non-linearity limited optical fibre systems

This thesis presents a study of the nonlinear limits of coherent, long-haul, optical fibre transmission systems and studies the capabilities of digital and all-optical nonlinearity compensation techniques to enhance their performance. By deriving the theoretical description of optical fibre nonlinear Kerr effects, this thesis presents theoretical, numerical, and experimental evidence showing that the compensation efficiency of deterministic nonlinear impairments in OPC assisted transmission system is highly dependent on the span length. This document shows that the deployment of multiple OPCs, in a system limited by deterministic signal-signal nonlinear interactions, can negate the performance enhancement achieved by a single OPC. I have derived, and verified by simulations, closed form equations that accurately represent the ultimate nonlinear threshold of the nondeterministic nonlinear signal-noise interaction limit in discretely amplified and quasi-lossless Raman optical fibre transmission systems. This nondeterministic nonlinear threshold can be unveiled when deploying ideal nonlinearity compensation techniques and can be minimised by deploying multiple OPCs.In this thesis, I have experimentally shown that the performance enhancement achieved bymid-link OPC when deployed in discretely amplified transmission system is highly dependent on the bandwidth of the signals propagating along the system. The experimental results have shown that the OPC enhances the reach of discretely amplified transmission system by 43%,32%, and 24% for 2x28Gbaud, 4x28Gbaud, and 8x28Gbaud of PM-QPSK signals,respectively. Also, I have experimentally demonstrated the highest reported reach enhancement of 72% (compared to EDC system) for 3.6Tbps (30x30Gbaud PM-QPSK, spectral efficiency of 3.6bps/Hz); when deploying a mid-link OPC in distributed Raman system

The effectiveness of the curriculum Biography of the Prophet in the development of social intelligence skills of Al-Hussein Bin Talal University Students

This study aimed to find out how the effectiveness of the curriculum biography of the Prophet in the development of social intelligence skills of Al-Hussein Bin Talal University students and the study sample consisted of 365 students from Al-Hussein Bin Talal University for the first semester 2014_2015 students were selected in accessible manner. The researcher has designed a tool to measure the social intelligence consisted of 5 fields and 27 standard for measuring the level of  social intelligence of the students the results of the study showed the following that the curriculum biography has been achieved the goals that  related to the development of social intelligence on  average level amount  of 70%  also showed the lack of goals that relevant to methodology and mechanisms, skills and abilities which the material has been teaches where  the percentage weight was  less than 50% and the study recommended. 1. The importance of activation the teaching methods that helps in the development of creative and critical thinking. 2. Activation the role of university curricula to development the social intelligence. 3. To work seriously on the development of students' skills and abilities to have the scientific methodology and critical thinking.   Key words: Curriculum Biography of the Prophet, social intelligence skills, theory principle

Symmetry Requirements for 34dB Nonlinearity Compensation in OPC Systems

We experimentally achieve compensation of nonlinearity of at least 34 dB when deploying Optical Phase Conjugation in an optimized 2 nd order distributed Raman system, and demonstrate that the required accuracy for span-to-span power misalignment is below ±1dB for 20dB compensation

Framework for Level-I Alligator Cracking Methodology for Use in the Mechanistic-Empirical (M-E) Pavement Design Guide.

The recently published Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG) includes a global flexure fatigue model that can be used for Level 3 material input. This paper develops a typical framework for highway agencies to follow to calibrate their laboratory results and determine Level 1 flexure fatigue input for use in the design guide. An extensive flexure fatigue testing program was carried out on six hot-mix asphalt (HMA) materials typically used by the Arizona Department of Transportation. General fatigue models are developed using both constant strain and constant stress modes of loading. The general fatigue lab models were then calibrated to the global fatigue model in the MEPDG to be used as an input to Level 1 design. Shift factors were developed for each mix used and for different thicknesses of asphalt layers. The shift factor decreased from 20 at a 1-in. layer to 9 at a 4-in. layer, after which it remained constant. The procedure used in this paper serves as a guide for other agencies to follow to obtain Level 1 fatigue data input for the M-E Pavement Design Guide

The Effect of Using Educational Drama on Kindergarten Children's Acquisition of Mathematical and Scientific Concepts in Jordan

The study aimed to examin the effect of using educational drama on kindergarten children's acquisition of mathematical and scientific concepts. A quasi-experimental method with experimental and control groups was usedto achieve the objectives of the study. Various instruments were used, including a teacher's guide based on educational drama strategy and a scientific/mathematical concepts test. After validating these instruments, they were applied on a random sample of 50 kindergarten children during the first semester of school year 2016/2017. The study concluded that the experimental group outperformed control group on the scientific/mathematical concepts test. The findings also revealed that there were no significant statistical differences attributed to gender of the experimental group in the acquisition of such concepts

Combating Fiber Nonlinearity Using Dual-Order Raman Amplification and OPC

We experimentally demonstrate, for the first time, a significant 34-dB nonlinear product power compensation in a mid-link optical phase conjugation (OPC) system using an optimized dual-order distributed Raman amplification (DRA) technique. The dual-order backward (BW)-pumping scheme shows a record signal power symmetry of 97% over 50.4-km single-mode fiber (SMF) spans. We also demonstrate that the required accuracy for span-to-span power alignment is within ±1 dB in order to maintain 20-dB nonlinear product compensation. For a 256-Gb/s dual-polarization-16 QAM transmission over 100.8 km (2×50.4 km) SMF with mid-link OPC, the proposed Raman amplification scheme enables the OPC to improve the nonlinear threshold by 7 dB and the optimum signal launch power by 5 dB compared with the system without OPC

Rutting Prediction of Flexible Pavements Using Finite Element Modeling

During the past two decades, Finite Element (FE) techniques were successfully used to simulate different pavement problems that could not be modelled using the simpler multi-layer elastic theory. In this study, a two-dimensional finite element model was developed, using ABAQUS software, in order to investigate the impact of static repeated wheel load on rutting formation and pavement response. The procedures of building a model and performing static analysis are introduced. In that model, pavement materials were presented as linear-elastic–plastic based on Drucker-Prager model. In addition, the asphalt layer was assumed to follow a viscoelastic behavior using Pellinen and Witczak model, which was adopted by NCHRP. The Falling Weight Deflectometer FWD was also proposed as an effective and practical tool for on-site pavement evaluation and field measurements, other than the laboratory tests. After insuring the model validation, the study investigated the impact of temperature, tire pressure and subgrade strength on the rut depth as a pavement response. The sensitivity analysis indicated that the rut depth increases with increasing the temperature and the tire pressure and with decreasing the subgrade strength

The Attitudes of UNRWA in-Service School Teachers towards the Diploma to B.A. Upgrading Program Implemented by the University College of Educational Sciences

The study attempted to identify the attitudes of UNRWA in-service school teachers towards the Diploma to B.A. upgrading program implemented by the University College of Educational Sciences. It also tried to identify the statistically significant differences in the means attributed to the variables of gender, subject of specialization and work experience. The population of the study which comprised (309) consisted of all UNRWA male and female school teachers holding diplomas in the subjects of Elementary Lower Education, Arabic Language, Math and Science and working in the UNRWA education areas in the West Bank: Nablus, Hebron and Jerusalem. Apurposive sample of (111) male and female teachers from Jerusalem area was chosen as arepresentative of the population of the study. Aquestionnaire was used to identifythe teachers\u27 attitudes. Upon completing the questionnaires by all subjects, data was analyzed using the SPSS statistical application. The results of the study showed that the school teachers\u27 attitudes concerning the upgrading program were positive. All domains obtained (3.22) means and (64.32 %) percentage. With respect to the variables of the study, the results revealed the following: There were no statistically significant differences in teachers\u27 attitudes towards the upgrading program attributed to the variable of gender, and the variable of work experience (years in duty). Ana there were statistically significant differences in teachers\u27 attitudes towards the upgrading program attributed to the variable of subject of specialization for the benefit of Arabic Language teachers whose attitudes were the least positive in all domains of the study. In the light of the results of the study, the researchers recommended a number of recommendations; for example, school teachers should take part in selecting the appropriate time for implementing any upgrading programs

Limits of Optical Fibre Communication Systems

In this presentation, we will review the historical evolution of performance predictions for optical communication systems, including single channel systems, soliton systems and high spectral density coherent systems. We will describe how such predictions have been made from the outset of optical communications research and their present form, accurately predicting the performance of coherently detected communication systems and establishing the fundamental limits of nonlinearity compensation