KARAKTERISTIK EKSTRAK SERBUK GERGAJIAN KAYU TEMBESU (Fagraea fragrans), RENGAS (Gluta renghas) DAN MEDANG (Litsea sp.) SEBAGAI LARVASIDA LALAT RUMAH (Musca domestica)

Sawdust extract contains polar compounds that act as insecticides such as saponin, tanin, phenolic, anthraquinones, steroids dan triterpenes. Some of these components are toxic to larvae. Therefore, it is necessary to research the potential of extracts from sawdust as a natural insecticide against house flies (Musca domestica). This study aims to analyze the characteristics and effectiveness of the sawdust extract of Tembesu wood (Fagraea fragrans), rengas (Gluta renghas), medang (Litsea sp.) as larvacides of house flies (M. domestica). The analysis of this research was analyzed using descriptive statistical variables. The main variables observed were the mortality rate of flies and extract levels of extracts of F. fragrans, G. renghas, and Litsea sp. Preliminary results showed that the powder moisture content of Litsea sp., F. fragrans and G. renghas ranged from 12-15%. The yield of the extracts of Litsea sp., F. fragrans and G. renghas was around 2%. G. renghas extract had the most significant mortality at a concentration of 9% and 10% compared to other wood extracts.Keywords: ethanol extract, F. fragrans, G. Renghas, larvacide, Litsea sp.Abstrak Ekstrak serbuk gergaji mengandung senyawa polar yang bertindak sebagai insektisida seperti saponin, tanin, fenolik antraquinon, steroid dan triterpen. Beberapa komponen ini beracun bagi larva. Oleh karena itu, perlu untuk meneliti potensi ekstrak dari serbuk gergaji sebagai insektisida alami terhadap lalat rumah (Musca domestica). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis karakteristik dan efektivitas ekstrak serbuk gergaji kayu tembesu (Fagraea fragrans), rengas (Gluta renghas), medang (Litsea sp) sebagai larvasida lalat rumah (M. domestica). Penelitian ini dianalisis menggunakan variabel statistik deskriptif. Variabel utama yang diamati adalah tingkat mortalitas lalat dan kadar ekstrak F. fragrans, G. renghas, dan Litsea sp. Hasil awal menunjukkan bahwa kadar air ekstrak Litsea sp., F. fragrans dan G. renghas berkisar antara 12-15%. Hasil ekstrak Litsea sp., F. fragrans dan G. renghas adalah sekitar 2%. Ekstrak G. renghas memiliki angka kematian terbesar pada konsentrasi 9% dan 10% dibandingkan dengan ekstrak kayu lainnya.Kata kunci: ekstrak etanol, tembesu, rengas, larvasida, medang

PERILAKU STEREOTIP HARIMAU SUMATERA (Panthera tigris sumatrae) DALAM MASA REHABILITASI PADA PUSAT REHABILITASI HARIMAU SUMATERA DHARMASRAYA (PR-HSD) ARSARI SUMATERA BARAT: Stereotypical Behavior of Sumatran Tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae) During the Rehabilitation Period at The Sumatran Tiger Rehabilitation Center Dharmasraya (PR-HSD) ARSARI Sumatera Barat

ABSTRACT Animal activity is an activity carried out by animals consisting of several behaviors. Behavior is animal movements that are influenced by the relationship between the animal and its environment that occurs repeatedly, so that it becomes a characteristic of the animal. During the rehabilitation period, animals experience changes in their habitat and other behavioral changes. This study aims to analyze the stereotypical activity of the Sumatran tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae) during the rehabilitation period at the Sumatran Tiger Rehabilitation Center which is included in the Appendix I category in CITES with critically endangered status causing (Panthera tigris sumatrae) to be conserved ex-situ. Research on stereotypical activities of Sumatran tigers was conducted at the ARSARI Sumatran Tiger Rehabilitation Center (PR-HSD) in West Sumatra. The object of this research is a male tiger (Putra Singgulung) and a tigress (Ria). The method used is focal animal sampling. The results obtained in a study of the stereotypical activity of two Sumatran tigers in ex-situ habitat at PR-HSD were female Sumatran tigers (35.25%) and male Sumatran tigers (36.21%) (Putra singgulung). The most frequently seen activities were resting behavior (55.88%) in female Sumatran tigers (Ria) and (55.88%) in male Sumatran tigers (Putra singgulung). Research on stereotypical Sumatran tiger activities is expected to become basic data for the conservation management of the Sumatran tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae) at the Dharmasraya Sumatran Tiger Rehabilitation Center (PR-HSD) ARSARI, West Sumatra.   Keywords: sumatran tiger (panthera tigris sumatae), ex-situ conservation, stereotyping activity   ABSTRAK Aktivitas satwa merupakan kegiatan yang dilakukan oleh satwa terdiri dari beberapa perilaku. Perilaku merupakan gerak-gerik hewan yang dipengaruhi oleh hubungan antara hewan dengan lingkungannya yang terjadi berulang-ulang, sehingga menjadi ciri dari satwa tersebut. Pada masa rehabilitasi satwa mengalami perubahan habitat dan perubahan perilaku lainnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis aktivitas stereotip harimau sumatera (Panthera tigris sumatrae) dalam masa rehabilitasi pada Pusat Rehabilitasi Harimau sumatera termasuk dalam kategori Appendix I dalam CITES dengan status critically endangered menyebabkan (Panthera tigris sumatrae) dikonservasi secara ex-situ. Penelitian tentang aktivitas stereotip harimau sumatera dilakukan pada Pusat Rehabilitasi Harimau Sumatera Dharmasraya (PR-HSD) ARSARI Sumatera Barat. Objek pada penelitin ini yaitu seekor harimau jantan (Putra Singgulung) dan seekor harimau betina (Ria). Metode yang digunakan yaitu focal animal sampling. Hasil yang didapatkan pada penelitian mengenai aktivitas stereotip dua harimau sumatera pada habitat ex-situ di PR-HSD yaitu pada harimau sumatera betina (Ria) (35.25%) dan (36.21%) harimau sumatera jantan (Putra singgulung). Aktivitas aktivitas yang paling sering terlihat yaitu perilaku istirahat (55.88%) pada harimau sumatera betina (Ria) dan (55.88%) pada harimau sumatera jantan (Putra singgulung). Penelitian aktivitas stereotip harimau sumatera diharapkan menjadi data dasar untuk manajemen konservasi harimau sumatera (Panthera tigris sumatrae) di Pusat Rehabilitasi Harimau Sumatera Dharmasraya (PR-HSD) ARSARI Sumatera Barat.   Kata kunci: harimau sumatera (Panthera tigris sumatrae), konservasi ex-situ, aktivitas stereoti

KARAKTERISTIK PAPAN PARTIKEL DARI CAMPURAN LIMBAH AKASIA (Acacia mangium Willd.) DAN KULIT KELAPA MUDA (Cocos nucifera L.): Characteristics of Particle Board from Mixed Waste of Acacia (Acacia mangium Willd.) and Coconut Shell (Cocos nucifera L.

The aim of this research is to make an effort to utilize forestry waste, in the form of harvesting waste of acacia (Acacia mangiumWilld.) and  coconut  shells (Cocos nucifera L.) into particle boards by considering the evaluation of the value of particle board characteristics, both physical and mechanical characteristics in accordance with standards JIS A 5908-2003.This study used a factorial analysis where the first factor was the composition of the raw material for acacia: coconut (100: 0, 60:40, 50:50, 40:60 and 0:100). While the second factor is the provision of pretreatment on particles (cold soak, hot soak and without immersion).This analysis was carried out in a completely randomized design (CRD) with three repetitions.The results showed that the composition of the raw materials had a significant effect on the value of water content, water absorption, modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity.The pretreatment had a significant effect on the thickness swelling, water absorption, modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity. Meanwhile, the interaction of these two factors has a significant effect on the internal bond value, modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity.Based on the results, it is known that only the density parameters that meet the JIS A 5908-2003 standard, the moisture content and thickness development parameters have not met the standards, while the mechanical characteristics of the particle board have not met the standards.Overall particle board with the composition of acacia raw material: young coconut 60:40 and heat soaking pre-treatment can produce good quality particle board

KUALITAS MADU DARI 3 SPESIES LEBAH PENGHASIL MADU: Honey Quality from 3 Species of Honey Producing Bees

ABSTRACTHoney is a food ingredient that has high nutritional value. The quality of honey varies greatly depending on the source of the honey-producing bees (Apis mellifera, Apis dorsata, and Trigona sp.). Data related to the quality of honey produced from these 3 types of bees have not been explored and are easily obtained widely. Though this data is very important to determine the use and utilization of honey appropriately. This study aims to analyze the quality of honey from 3 types of honey-producing bees. Honey samples from 3 species Apis mellifera, Apis dorsata, and Trigona sp. Chemical and physical tests were carried out 5 replicates for each sample. The test results were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results showed a chemical test with water content test parameters. The honey acidity test parameters, reducing sugar content test, ash content test, water insoluble solids test were in accordance with (Indonesia National Standard) SNI. Meanwhile, for the water content parameter, only Apis mellifera was suitable. Meanwhile, in the sucrose test, only Trigona sp. which does not meet SNI. Keywords: honey, bee, species, quality ABSTRAKMadu adalah bahan pangan yang mempunyai khasiat tinggi yang kaya akan nutrisi. Mutu madu sangat beragam bergantung pada sumber jenis lebah penghasil madu (Apis mellifera, Apis dorsata, dan Trigona sp.). Data terkait kualitas madu yang dihasilkan dari 3 jenis lebah ini belum tergali dan mudah didapatkan secara luas. Padahal data ini sangat penting untuk menentukan penggunaan dan pemanfaatan madu secara tepat guna. Penelitian bertujuan menganalisi kualitas madu dari 3 jenis lebah penghasil madu. Sampel madu dari 3 spesies Apis mellifera, Apis dorsata, dan Trigona sp. diuji kimia dan fisik dilakukan 5 ulangan setiap sampel. Hasil pengujian dianalisis menggunakan statistik deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan uji kimia dengan parameter uji kadar air. Parameter uji keasaman madu, uji kadar gula reduksi, uji kadar abu, uji padatan tak larut dalam air sesuai dengan stanadar nasional indoensia (SNI). Sedangkan pada parameter kadar air hanya Apis mellifera yang sesuai. Sedangkan pada uji sukrosa hanya madu Trigona sp. yang tidak memenuhi SNI. Kata kunci: madu, lebah, spesies, kualita

Utilization of Wood Vinegar as a Natural Preservative for Sengon Wood (Falcataria moluccana Miq.) against Fungal Attack (Schizophyllum commune Fries)

Most wood supplied from forests currently has a low level of durability and vulnerable to wood-destroying organisms attacks. Sengon wood (Falcataria moluccana Miq.) is classified as low durable class wood (class IV-V); hence wood preservation is needed to protect from the attacks of wood-destroying organisms. One of the eco-friendly materials that can be used for wood preservation is wood vinegar. This study aims to analyze the influence of wood vinegar from tembesu (Fagraea fragrans) and rengas (Gluta renghas) on the durability of sengon wood against Schizophyllum commune Fries fungus. The results showed that wood parts and types of wood vinegar significantly affected preservative retention, absorption, penetration, and weight loss. Some of the chemical compounds contained in tembesu and rengas wood vinegar can inhibit the growth of fungi: (1) acetic acid (CAS) ethylic acid, (2) 2-propanone, 1-hydroxy- (CAS) acetol, (3) phenol, 2-methoxy- (CAS) guaiacol, and (4) phenol (CAS) izal. Preservation of wood using tembesu and rengas wood vinegar with a concentration of 70% could increase the resistance of sengon wood and improve sengon wood’s durability into very resistant (durability class I) against S. commune fungus attacks.Keywords: Falcataria moluccana, wood durability, wood parts, wood vinega

Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Sekitar Taman Hutan Raya Sultan Thaha Syaifuddin Melalui Konsep Wisata Berbasis Alam Edu-Ecotourism

Indonesia is one of the countries that has a large enough forest in the world. However, the size of the forest area is not in line with the concept of sustainable forest management. The rate of deforestation in Indonesia inside and outside forest areas from 2015 to 2019 reached 56,865.3 ha/year. This condition results in erratic climate change. One of the forest areas in Indonesia that contributes to these conditions is the Sultan Thaha Syaifuddin Forest Park. The condition of this area experienced a decline in both quality and quantity, especially in 2015. This conservation area had experienced a forest fire disaster that year. Therefore, at this time the condition of burned area is in a period of succession. However, this succession process does not appear to be managed properly. This can be monitored from the emergence of acacia (Acacia mangium) which is quite a lot in the burned area. Even though this location is endemic to iron wood tree (Eusideroxylon zwgeri).  One very important way to improve this condition is to emphasize community participation around the forest park itself. This participation can be in the context of safeguarding, securing, preserving, and developing a long-term management plan for the forest park. One of the community participatory concepts that can be applied in conservation forest areas, is edu-ecotourism nature-based tourism. The community services activity has been carried out well for outreach activities as well as focused group discussions/FGDs. For outreach activities, the results showed that there was an increase in public understanding and knowledge about edu-ecotourism-based nature tourism. Then for the FGD activities, it was found that the community supports ecotourism activities that will be carried out, with the hope that the community can be directly involved in the ecotourism activities. The community also expects direct guidance and direction from the Batanghari Regency Environmental Service

Karakteristik Minyak Atsiri Eucalyptus dari 3 Klon Pohon Eucalyptus pellita F. Muell

Essential oil is a non-timber forest product commodity that has a high selling value. PT. Wirakarya Sakti (PT. WKS) is one of the owners of an industrial plantation forest (HTI) that plants Eucalyptus pellita F. Muell. The utilization of this tree is only focused on wood for pulp production, so it produces leaf and bark waste. The E. pellita leaves are very potential to produce essential oils that have high selling value. However, the characteristics of essential oil from this E. pellita clones are still unknown. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the quality of eucalyptus essential oils from these clones. The leaves of E. pellita from clone tree 77, 361, and 364 in PT. WKS was harvested and distilled using the water and steam distillation method to produce the essential oil. After that, the yield of essential, physical and chemical characteristics was analyzed following the Indonesian national standards (SNI 06-3954-2006). The results showed the yield percentage of eucalyptus oil from 3 clone trees are 0.080–0.130%. The results of physical and chemical characteristics of essential oil showed: (1) eucalyptus oil color is yellowish-green, (2) it has a distinctive smell of eucalyptus oil, (3) the specific gravity between 0.900–0.907, (4) 80% solubility in ethanol shows 1:10 turbid, (5) cineole percentage between 39.65–41.13%, and (6) refractive index between 1.462–1.463. The data analysis showed that clone 77 has a higher quality compared to the others

PPM Pelatihan Pembuatan Gula Semut Dari Nira Pohon Aren (Arenga pinnata) Pada Wilayah UPTD KPHP Unit XIII Kabupaten Muaro Jambi

Hasil hutan bukan kayu (HHBK) adalah hasil hutan kecuali kayu seperti produk turunan dari tumbuhan dan hewan beserta budidayanya. Beberapa jenis produk HHBK mempunyai nilai ekonomi yang tinggi di Provinsi Jambi antara lain: rotan, bambu, aren, madu, jernang, gaharu, minyak tengkawang, minyak atsiri, gondorukem, buah-buahan tropis dan lain-lain. Salah satu pemanfaatan HHBK di Kawasan KPHP Unit XIII Muaro     Jambi di Desa Jambi Tulo, Kecamatan Maro Sebo, yaitu masyarakatnya memanfaatkan pohon aren yang banyak tumbuh alami, dengan mengolah nira dari pohon aren menjadi gula merah cetak dan dengan pengolahan yang sederhana. Hasil olahan gula merah cetak pada industri rumah tangga masyarakat umumnya masih bermutu rendah karena pengolahan belum dilakukan secara baik, sehingga produk yang dihasilkan cepat meleleh, karena masih mengandung kadar air cukup tinggi 15-17%. Upaya meningkatkan nilai jual gula aren cetak dengan cara mengolah menjadi gula aren granular (gula semut), solusi yang ditawarkan terhadap permasalahan tersebut, diantaranya: diberikannya penyuluhan dan pelatihan kepada masyarakat mengenai pembuatan gula semut dari gula merah cetak secara tradisional dengan menyediakan alat pembuatan gula semut dari gula cetak menjadi bentuk granular (gula semut)

Durability of Bungur wood (Lagerstroemia speciosa Pers.) results of smoking against marine borer attacks

Bungur wood (Lagerstroemia speciosa Pers.) is often used as a construction over ocean waters and is still widely available. Based on (SNI) 01-7210-2006 concerning types of wood for shipbuilding, bungur wood is included in the construction materials for traditional wooden ships, such as: frames, ivory, titles, leather and gladak boards. Bungur wood has low resistance to wood destroying organisms (III-IV), but has a fairly strong resistance to waves and strong winds (I-II). Application of fumigation on wood has long been done to preserve wood. The purpose of the research was to analyze the interaction between smoking duration and the depth of treated wood feed to the marine borer attack. The treatment factors used were the length of smoking time (control (without smoking) 6 hours, 12 hours and 24 hours) and the depth of feeding (two meters and four meters. The tests observed were weight gain after smoking, intensity of marine borer attack and identification of marine borer. After feeding for 6 months the results showed the interaction of smoking duration and feeding depth of bungur (Lagerstroemia speciosa Pers.) significantly affected in reducing the intensity of marine borer attack. The best thing is that smoking for 12 hours at two meters of feed can increase the durability of bungur wood to Durability class II from the intensity of marine borer attac