The structure of blocks with a Klein four defect group

We prove Erdmann’s conjecture [16] stating that every block with a Klein four defect group has a simple module with trivial source, and deduce from this that Puig’s finiteness conjecture holds for source algebras of blocks with a Klein four defect group. The proof uses the classification of finite simple groups

Pathological and Biological Differences Between Screen-Detected and Interval Ductal Carcinoma in situ of the Breast

Background: The incidence of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) has risen dramatically with the introduction of screening mammography. The aim was to evaluate differences in pathological and biological characteristics between patients with screen-detected and interval DCIS. Methods: From January 1992 to December 2001, 128 consecutive patients had been treated for pure DCIS at our institute. From these, 102 had been attending the Dutch breast cancer screening program. Sufficient paraffin-embedded tissue was available in 74 out of the 102 cases to evaluate biological marker expression (Her2/neu, ER, PR, p53 and cyclin D1) on tissue microarrays (TMA group). Differences in clinicopathological characteristics and marker expression between screen-detected and interval patients were evaluated. Screen-detected DCIS was classified as DCIS detected by screening mammography, when the two-year earlier examination failed to reveal an abnormality. Interval patients were classified as patients with DCIS detected within the two-year interval between two subsequent screening rounds. Results: Screen-detected DCIS was related with linear branching and coarse granular microcalcifications on mammography (p < .001) and with high-grade DCIS according to the Van Nuys classification (p = .025). In univariate analysis, screen-detected DCIS was related with Her2/neu overexpression (odds ratio [OR] = 6.5; 95%CI 1.3-31.0; p = .020), and interval DCIS was associated with low-grade (Van Nuys, OR = 7.3; 95% CI 1.6-33.3; p = .010) and PR positivity (OR = 0.3; 95%CI 0.1-1.0; p = .042). The multivariate analysis displayed an independent relation of Her2/neu overexpression with screen-detected DCIS (OR = 12.8; 95%CI 1.6-104.0; p = .018). Conclusions: These findings suggest that screen-detected DCIS is biologically more aggressive than interval DCIS and should not be regarded as overdiagnosis

New routes to condensed polynuclear compounds: Part XVIII-Cyclisations through naphthynes and pyridynes

It has been shown that the KNH2/NH3 cyclisation of ortho/meta halogenated Schiff bases, or the corresponding dihydro compounds, succeeds when 1,2-naphthynes and 2,3-pyridynes are involved as intermediates. Using this procedure 3-aza-benzo[j]phenanthridine, 9-azaphenanthridine and 2,11-diazachrysene have been synthesized

SOM-based wavelet filtering for the exploration of medical images

Lessmann B, Degenhard A, Kessar P, et al. SOM-based wavelet filtering for the exploration of medical images. In: Duch W, ed. ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS: BIOLOGICAL INSPIRATIONS - ICANN 2005, PT 1, PROCEEDINGS. Lecture notes in computer science. Vol 3696. Berlin, Heidelberg: SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN; 2005: 671-676.In medical image analysis there are many applications that require the definition of characteristic image features. Especially computationally generated characteristic image features have potential for the exploration of large datasets. In this work, we propose a method for investigating time series of medical images using a combination of the Discrete Wavelet Transform and the Self Organizing Map. Our approach allows relevant image information to be identified in wavelet space. This enables us to develop a filter algorithm suitable to find and extract the characteristic image features and to suppress interfering non-relevant image information