Angoulins – ZA des Ormeaux

Le projet d’extension d’un ensemble commercial sur la ZA des Ormeaux, à Angoulins, est à l’origine du diagnostic mené du 30 janvier au 3 février 2017 sur une emprise de 16 173 m2. Il se situe à proximité immédiate du site des Ormeaux, fouillé en 2005 par P. Maguer et qui a fait l’objet de plusieurs publications. La fouille réalisée en 2005 avait permis d’explorer un site littoral de La Tène sur un peu plus de 14 000 m2, sur lequel trois principales phases d’occupation avaient pu être mises en..

Barbezieux – ZA Plaisance

Le projet d’implantation d’une concession de matériel agricole est à l’origine de la présente fouille, réalisée au printemps 2017 sur une partie de la parcelle cadastrée F1034, sur la frange orientale de la ZA de Plaisance. Situé à proximité immédiate du site des Petits Clairons sur lequel plusieurs opérations archéologiques ont été réalisées à partir du début des années 1990 dans le cadre de l’aménagement de la déviation de la RN 10 et des routes permettant de desservir la nouvelle zone arti..

Gomez de Soto J., Kerouanton I., 2009. Les premiers objets en fer en France, à l'âge du Bronze. (actes du XXXe colloque international de l'A.F.E.A.F., Saint-Romain-en-Gal, 26-28 mai 2006)

International audienceInventory of first iron Bronze Age artefacts in France, & iron diffusion road during IX th c. B.C.Inventaire critique des objets en fer de l'âge du Bronze en France. Voies de diffusion du fer au IXe s. av. J.-C

La transition du Bronze final au premier âge du Fer (XIIIe-VIIe siècles av. J.-C.) dans le Centre-Ouest de la France et sur ses marges.

International audienceCultural evolution since IXth century B.C. & VIIth c. B.C. in France between Moire River & North AquitaniaEvolution entre le IXe s. et le VIIe s. av. J.-C. en france de l'Ouest, de la loire à l'Aquitaine septentrional

Résistance à la tétracycline et diversité génétique d’Escherichia coli isolés de porcs biologiques et de porcs conventionnels

The objectives of this study were to assess the prevalence, tetracycline resistance level and genetic diversity of Escherichia coli isolated from organic pigs in comparison with conventional pigs. 25 organic and 25 conventional herds were considered in one slaughterhouse from April to October 2012. Colon content of 2 pigs per herd was sampled. For each pig, E. coli and tetracycline resistant E. coli (TET+E. coli) were enumerated. Level of tetracycline resistance was then calculated. Isolates were typed by PFGE using XbaI enzyme. E. coli was detected for all the organic (n=50) and conventional pigs (n=50). TET+E. coli was detected for 49 organic (98%) and 48 conventional pigs (96%). The number of E. coli per gram of colon content was significantly higher for conventional (6.81 log10 UFC/g) than for organic pigs (6.19 log10 UFC/g) as well as the number of TET+E. coli with 6.33 log10 UFC/g for conventional pigs and 5.68 log10 UFC/g for organic pigs. Finally, the level of tetracycline resistance was also significantly higher (p=0.0033) for conventional (57.4%) than for organic pigs (37.9%). PFGE was carried out on 374 E. coli; they were distributed in 275 pulsotypes. The genetic diversity was very high (Dvalue=0.997). No pulsotype was common to both organic and conventional pigs. Results suggest that farm managements may have an impact on the amount of E. coli excreted and on their antibiotic resistance. However, it is difficult to estimate the impact on human health with 0.65 log10 UFC/g difference between the two productions. Diversity of strains is so high that it is difficult to associate strains to a production

Campylobacter in organic and conventional pig productions in France: occurrence, antibiotic resistance and genetic diversity

The objectives of this study were to assess the occurrence of Campylobacter in organic and conventional pig productions, and to evaluate their antimicrobial resistance and genetic diversity in these two productions. Sampling was realized in one slaughterhouse: 31 organic herds and 31 conventional herds were considered. Detection of Campylobacter was done on respectively 56 and 58 organic and conventional pig colon contents, and on 60 carcass swabs for each production. Campylobacter strains were studied for their resistance to 8 antibiotics and for their genetic diversity through PFGE using KpnI enzyme. Occurrence in colon content was not significantly different between organic (76.8%) and conventional pigs (74.0%). Only one conventional carcass was contaminated by Campylobacter. All the Campylobacter were C. coli. A total of 266 C. coli were characterized: 138 and 124 from colon content of organic and conventional pigs, respectively, and 4 from carcass. Only 10 isolates were pansusceptible. The most frequent resistance profile was resistance to streptomycin with tetracycline (24.2% and 33.3% of the isolates from conventional and organic pigs, respectively). Isolates from conventional pigs were significantly more frequently resistant to tetracycline and erythromycin, often in association with other resistances: 53.1% of isolates from conventional pigs were resistant to 3 or more antibiotics families compared to 26.8% from organic pigs. The 240 typable isolates were distributed in 122 KpnI profiles. Only one KpnI profile was common for 1 organic and 1 conventional isolates. Index of diversity was very high (ID>0.98) in both productions. This study showed that occurrence and diversity of Campylobacter in organic and conventional pigs are similar. The lower level of antibiotic resistance for organic pigs may be related to the restricted use of antibiotics in this production and / or colonization of organic pigs with susceptible environmental strains

Campylobacter chez les porcs biologiques et conventionnels: prévalence et antibiorésistance

Cette étude a pour objectif d’obtenir et comparer des données de prévalence et de résistance aux antibiotiques de Campylobacter isolés de porcs issus de la production biologique porcine et de la production conventionnelle. Des prélèvements de contenus de colon et des chiffonnettes de carcasses ont été réalisés en 2012, dans un abattoir, sur 31 lots de porcs biologiques et 31 lots de porcs conventionnels (1 ou 2 porcs par lot). La détection de Campylobacter a été réalisée par isolement direct sur gélose Karmali. Le genre Campylobacter et l’espèce des isolats collectés ont été confirmés par PCR. La résistance aux antibiotiques des isolats a été recherchée pour 5 familles d’antibiotiques (Gentamicine et streptomycine, Ciprofloxacine et Acide Nalidixique, Tétracycline (TET), Erythromycine (ERY) et chloramphénicol) par détermination des concentrations minimales inhibitrices (CMI) et interprétation selon les cut-offs épidémiologiques EUCAST. 114 contenus fécaux (56 biologiques et 58 conventionnels) et 120 chiffonnettes de carcasses (60 biologiques et 60 conventionnels) ont été analysés. Les Campylobacter isolés sont de l’espèce C. coli. La prévalence dans les contenus de colon n’est pas significativement différente entre les porcs biologiques (76,8%) et conventionnels (74,0%). C. coli n’a été détecté que sur 1 carcasse de porc conventionnel. Parmi les 264 isolats de C. coli isolés de contenus du colon (140 de porcs biologiques et 124 de porcs conventionnels), seuls 10 isolats sont sensibles aux 5 familles d’antibiotiques. 147 isolats sont résistants à 1 ou 2 familles d’antibiotiques et 107 sont multirésistants (≥ à 3 familles d’antibiotiques). Le profil de résistance majoritaire est la résistance couplée STR-TET, observée pour respectivement 21,8% et 32,9% des isolats issus de porcs conventionnels et biologiques. Entre les deux productions, une différence est observée pour TET et ERY. Les isolats provenant de porcs conventionnels sont significativement (p<0,01) plus souvent résistants à ces 2 antibiotiques, souvent en association avec d’autres résistances: 54,8% des isolats de porcs conventionnels sont multirésistants contre 27,9% des isolats de porcs biologiques (p<0,01). Cette étude montre que le portage de Campylobacter par les porcs est identique quel que soit le type de production. Le niveau plus faible de taux de résistance aux antibiotiques pour les Campylobacters issus de porcs biologiques pourrait être lié à l’usage restreint d’antibiotiques en production biologique et/ou à la colonisation des porcs biologiques par des souches sauvages sensibles

Comparison of organic and conventional pig productions on prevalence, antibiotic resistance and genetic diversity of Escherichia coli

In this part of a CORE Organic II funded project, the objectives were 1) to assess the occurrence of E. coli in organic pig production, in comparison with conventional production, 2) to estimate the E. coli tetracycline resistance level in pig of the two productions, and 3) to evaluate the genetic diversity of strains isolated from these two productions. 25 organic herds and 25 conventional herds were considered in one slaughterhouse from April to October 2012. Two pigs per herds were considered. For each pig, numeration of Escherichia coli and of tetracycline resistant E. coli (TET+E.coli), were realized from colon content. Level of tetracycline resistance for each sample was then determined by the % of tetracycline resistant E. coli from the total number of E. coli. From colon content, on the 100 sampled pigs, E. coli was detected for all the organic pigs (n=50) and conventional (n=50). TET+E.coli was detected for 49 organic pigs (98%) and 48 conventional pigs (96%). The number of E. coli per gram of colon content were significantly higher (6.81 log10UFC/g) than for organic pigs (6.19 log10UFC/g) (p=0.0033). A significant difference for the number of TET+E.coli per gram of colon content was also observed between organic (5.68 log10UFC/g) and conventional pigs (6.33 log10UFC/g) (p=0.00021). The level of tetracycline resistance is significantly (p=0.0033) higher for conventional pigs (57.4%) than for organic pigs (37.9%). A total of 374 E. coli and TET+E.coli isolates were collected. After typing by PFGE using XbaI enzyme, isolates were distributed in 275 pulsotypes. No pulsotype was common between organic and conventional. The diversity is very high, ID=0.997. Inside each production, only 2 pulsotypes was common between two herds. PFGE profiles didn’t permit to associate strains to their origin

Campylobacter coli in Organic and Conventional Pig Production in France and Sweden: Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance.

The purpose of the study was to evaluate and compare the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter coli in conventional and organic pigs from France and Sweden. Fecal or colon samples were collected at farms or at slaughterhouses and cultured for Campylobacter. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, streptomycin, tetracycline, erythromycin, and gentamicin were determined by microdilution for a total of 263 French strains from 114 pigs from 50 different farms and 82 Swedish strains from 144 pigs from 54 different farms. Erythromycin resistant isolates were examined for presence of the emerging rRNA methylase erm(B) gene. The study showed that within the colon samples obtained in each country there was no significant difference in prevalence of Campylobacter between pigs in organic and conventional productions [France: conventional: 43/58 (74%); organic: 43/56 (77%) and Sweden: conventional: 24/36 (67%); organic: 20/36 (56%)]. In France, but not in Sweden, significant differences of percentages of resistant isolates were associated with production type (tetracycline, erythromycin) and the number of resistances was significantly higher for isolates from conventional pigs. In Sweden, the number of resistances of fecal isolates was significantly higher compared to colon isolates. The erm(B) gene was not detected in the 87 erythromycin resistant strains tested

Stèles et statues du premier âge du Fer et de La Tène ancienne, de l'Aquitaine au Berry. De la Méditerranée et du Westhallstattkreis à la Gaule de l'Ouest et du Centre.

International audienceLate Bronze Age to Early La Tène period steles from Loire to AquitaniaStèles du Bronze final à La Tène ancienne de la Loire à l'Aquitain