54 research outputs found
A Study of Teaching Materials for Cross-curricular Lesson Planning in an Elementary School: Reading Academic Research for CLIL Materials Development to Connect Social Studies and English Classess
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ã¥ããã§ã¯ïŒçºé段éãåã©ãã®åŠç¿ã«ãããé©åæ§ã§ãããThe purpose of this collaborative study is to design a transformation system in which school teachers read academic literature as a way of materials study; they learn a researcherâs learning process by reading his/her research articles/books; and they apply their findings to lesson planning. In particular, the present study focuses on a lesson for Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) collaboratively developed by social studies and English teachers in order to carry out cross-curricular lesson planning at the elementary school level.
First, a social studies teacher and an English teacher individually planned a lesson based on the activities by Floyd Wilfred Schmoe as a common case and later studied a book about his work as a common ground for collaborative materials development. Here they read the book about Schmoeâs Houses for Hiroshima Projects and learned the process and structure of how to turn professional researchersâ learning to learnersâ learning. Then the authors developed a CLIL lesson together and showed its design process. This materials development study shows the process of CLIL lesson planning and by doing so, it showed a teachersâ learning process in cross-curricular lesson planning ranging from reading articles/books, materials study, and lesson planning.
There are three findings from this study:
(1) Understanding the structure of researchersâ learning process can be utilized in the process of materials study and lesson planning in cross-curricular lesson planning in the elementary school.
(2) Although it is possible to apply and use the structure of researchersâ learning found in their articles/books, findings should be adapted to the childrenâs developmental stages and learning environment. It is important to make sure that the developed cross-curricular lesson should provide effective materials to both subjects.
(3) Important things in reading articles/books as materials study are:
1) to identify the structure of the target articles/books
2) to identify the key concepts of the resource materials and see if those concepts can be used as a core in lesson planning
3) to consider if the developed materials/lessons are appropriate for children in elementary schoolâ»å
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èŠæ§ã瀺åããããThe objective of this study is to illustrate how the elderly perceive death through a review of literature dealing with the elderly\u27s attitudes towards death. Using the two key phrases "the elderly" and "attitudes towards death" with the "AND" function, we searched through literature dating from 1998 â 2008 at the "Igaku Chuo Zasshi [Ichushi]" website (ver. 4), and 160 items were retrieved. The results revealed the following; ã»The elderly people have different expectations on how to face death. ã»Thinking about death is linked to anxiety and fear. ã»Elderly people recognize the necessity for preparing for death. ã»There was no report that preparatory education for death was offered systematically for elderly people. Therefore, we suggest that it is necessary to provide a preparatory education for death that takes characteristics of the elderly into consideration and seeks to eliminate the occurrence of health problems due to excessive anxiety and fear,
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èŠæ§ã瀺åããããThis report aims to clarify the viewpoints taken by nursing students when they assess home environments for the risk of falling from the perspective of the elderly. Forty-nine sophomores taking a Gerontological Nursing course were asked to do a fall-risk assessment of their own residences and write a report. Data concerning risk locations and factors was extracted and examined. As a result, seven risk locations were identified. Topping the list were bathrooms, entranceways, stairs and living rooms, which were identified by a majority of students ranging from 32 to 39. Also mentioned were toilets, kitchens and washrooms. As for risk factors, tripping over differences in floor levels topped the list, followed by slipping, absence of banisters on stairways, narrow spaces and insufficient lighting. The students also attached importance to prevention, i.e. the installation of handrails, nonslip surfaces, and so forth. The students were able to conduct risk assessment from the standpoint of the elderly. Results of this study highlight the necessity of continuing fall-risk assessment exercises within gerontological nursing education
Suzaku observation of the giant radio galaxy 3C 326
A Suzaku observation of a giant radio galaxy, 3C 326, which has a physical
size of about 2 Mpc, was conducted on 2008 January 19 -- 21. In addition to
several X-ray sources, diffuse emission was significantly detected associated
with its west lobe, but the east lobe was contaminated by an unidentified X-ray
source WARP J1552.4+2007. After careful evaluation of the X-ray and Non X-ray
background, the 0.4 -- 7 keV X-ray spectrum of the west lobe is described by a
power-law model. The photon index and 1 keV flux density was derived as
and nJy,
respectively, where the first and second errors represent the statistical and
systematic ones. The diffuse X-rays were attributed to be inverse Compton
radiation by the synchrotron radio electrons scattering off the cosmic
microwave background photons. This radio galaxy is the largest among those with
lobes detected through inverse Compton X-ray emission. A comparison of the
radio to X-ray fluxes yields the energy densities of electron and magnetic
field as ergs/cm3 and ergs/cm3, respectively. The galaxy
is suggested to host a low luminosity nucleus with an absorption-corrected 2 --
10 keV luminosity of ergs/s, together with a relatively
weak radio core. The energetics in the west lobe of 3C 326 were compared with
those of moderate radio galaxies with a size of kpc. The west lobe
of 3C 326 is confirmed to agree with the correlations for the moderate radio
galaxies, and , where
is their total physical size. This implies that the lobes of 3C 326 are
still being energized by the jet, despite the current weakness of the nucleus.Comment: 11 pages, 10 figures, 6 tables, Accepted for ApJ (v706 issue
PIP3-Phldb2 is crucial for LTP regulating synaptic NMDA and AMPA receptor density and PSD95 turnover
The essential involvement of phosphoinositides in synaptic plasticity is well-established, but incomplete knowledge of the downstream molecular entities prevents us from understanding their signalling cascades completely. Here, we determined that Phldb2, of which pleckstrin-homology domain is highly sensitive to PIP3, functions as a phosphoinositide-signalling mediator for synaptic plasticity. BDNF application caused Phldb2 recruitment toward postsynaptic membrane in dendritic spines, whereas PI3K inhibition resulted in its reduced accumulation. Phldb2 bound to postsynaptic scaffolding molecule PSD-95 and was crucial for localization and turnover of PSD-95 in the spine. Phldb2 also bound to GluA1 and GluA2. Phldb2 was indispensable for the interaction between NMDA receptors and CaMKII, and the synaptic density of AMPA receptors. Therefore, PIP3-responsive Phldb2 is pivotal for induction and maintenance of LTP. Memory formation was impaired in our Phldb2â/â mice
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èŠã§ããããšã瀺åããããThe objective of this study of healthy elderly persons living at home is to clarify their thoughts toward their own death. The study was conducted through an interview with a cooperative male who was in his seventies and interested in thanatology. From the interview, five categories (thoughts on life tasks, thoughts on life after death, experience of discussing death, implication of learning about death, and important points learned about death), and 19 sub-categories were extracted. The results revealed that, when the elderly think about their own death, it is necessary for them to think about both their own death and life tasks, and discussing death among the elderly makes it possible to know about another person\u27s experience and increases opportunities to learn more about death. It was also discovered that it does not matter whether a world after death exists in reality ; rather, each person needs to actively consider life after death in the discussion. Therefore, it was suggested that nurses could encourage the elderly to have such discussions and to approach them with a wait-and-see attitude regarding the details to be discussed
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芳ãè²æããéã«å¹æçã§ããããšã瀺åããããThe objective of this study is to illustrate nursing students\u27 outlook toward the elderly after having visited adult daycare centers. The subjects were 38 students in the second year of a 4-year nursing college. Data was collected from reports on their perceptions of the elderly,written after visiting the adult daycare centers, and were analyzed using Berelson\u27s method From the results,five categories and 25 subcategories were derived. Among the categories, there was a high frequency of three positive items "They are active," "They show concern for others " and "They have rich facial expressions" It can be assumed that the positive nature of these categories resulted from the strong impact of seeing ,with their own eyes ,how energetically the elderly lived despite sickness or handicap. Another characteristic of the elderly that students were able to take notice of gave the category "There are physical differences between them". Therefore, it was suggested that introducing a visit to an adult daycare center as a part of the elderly nursing education program is an effective way of enriching students\u27 perceptions of the elderly
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±ã«ãçæ»ã¯è¡šè£äžäœãšèããŠããããæ»åŸã®äžçãã«ã¯ãä¿¡ããããè芪ã«äŒãããçãæ»åŸã®äžçãåžæ±ããŠãããšèããããã以äžã®ãããªé«éœ¢è
ã®æ°æã¡ãæ±²ã¿åãå°å³ã»å°éããçµæ«æã®ãèŠçç·©åãã±ã¢ãéèŠã§ããããšã瀺åããããThe purpose of this study is to clarify how senior citizens consider"life and death"at their end-of-life stage, which would be useful for end-of-life care. Semi-structured interview was conducted, targeting 10 subjects, and data was analyzed qualitatively and then 7 categories were extracted. It was found that senior citizens hope"to avoid pain"and "someone will be around them,"etc. to alleviate their agony. To prepare for death, they thought about"conversation with their wives,""putting their affairs straight,"and"testaments,"etc. Those who do not want life-prolonging treatment felt that advanced medicine is unnecessary. They wished to die"at home"or"in a place where they have lived, but they hoped to stay"at a hospital if their symptoms worsen,"caring about their family members. For peaceful death, they wished to"die as if they fell asleep"or"naturally."As for the fear of death, they consider that life and death are two sides of the same coin, while fearing death. They believe in the afterworld and think that they will be able to meet their parents there. This indicates that they dream of the afterworld. This study indicates that it is important to alleviate their agony at the end-of-life stage, by considering the abovementionedfeelings of senior citizens and respecting them
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