Privileged Communications: A Proposal for Reform

The privileged communications rules may prevent a party to litigation from bringing into evidence matters he wishes to bring. His inability to do so may lead to a result less favourable to him than that which he would have obtained had a claim of privilege not barred his way. This different result may not only put him in a worse position than he would otherwise have been in, but may have harmful consequences for others as well, consequences which may be too subtle even to detect at the time the privilege is exercised. How likely is it that the privileged communications rules will lead to such unfortunate consequences? In this connection, three mitigating factors may be mentioned: first, the privileged communication would have been of insufficient weight to affect the result in some of the cases in which privilege keeps it out; secondly, the party against whom a claim operates may have other admissible evidence which will prove the point he has been foreclosed from making by the claim of privilege; thirdly, if compelled to testify regarding a confidential communication, an unwilling witness may perjure himself and, if his evidence is believed, the party extracting it may actually have worsened his position rather than bettered it by attempting to exploit the absence of a privilege for the communication

Groupoid symmetry and constraints in general relativity

When the vacuum Einstein equations are cast in the form of hamiltonian evolution equations, the initial data lie in the cotangent bundle of the manifold M\Sigma\ of riemannian metrics on a Cauchy hypersurface \Sigma. As in every lagrangian field theory with symmetries, the initial data must satisfy constraints. But, unlike those of gauge theories, the constraints of general relativity do not arise as momenta of any hamiltonian group action. In this paper, we show that the bracket relations among the constraints of general relativity are identical to the bracket relations in the Lie algebroid of a groupoid consisting of diffeomorphisms between space-like hypersurfaces in spacetimes. A direct connection is still missing between the constraints themselves, whose definition is closely related to the Einstein equations, and our groupoid, in which the Einstein equations play no role at all. We discuss some of the difficulties involved in making such a connection.Comment: 22 pages, major revisio

Laser Trabeculoplasty and Aqueous Dynamics

For the past four decades, laser trabeculoplasty has been a staple in the treatment armamentarium against glaucoma. Although the exact mechanism of laser trabeculoplasty has not been fully elucidated, its clinical utility in lowering intraocular pressure has been well established. Aqueous dynamic studies uniformly reveal an increase in aqueous outflow facility at the trabecular meshwork. Accumulating evidence suggests that the mechanism is the result of complex cellular and biochemical processes. Histopathological studies of the trabecular meshwork tissue after argon laser suggest an additional mechanical role. The traditional treatment algorithm for glaucoma placed laser trabeculoplasty as an intermediary between medical therapy and incisional surgery. However, because of the safety profile of selective laser trabeculoplasty, recent studies have challenged this treatment paradigm. One such study was a multicenter trial headed by our department that compared laser trabeculoplasty and medical therapy as initial treatment for glaucoma. We showed a similar efficacy between the two modalities, reinforcing the possibility of using laser as the initial treatment in the right clinical setting

Perception of Munshell chromas for computer-assisted map design

For many years, psychologists have studied the principles of psychophysics. Recently, cartographers have been considering psychophysical theory in color attribute analysis to aid in the design of maps. An experiment was conducted using the partitioning method by which the Munsell value scale was determined to find (R,G,B) coordinates giving equally distinct chromas that would be applicable to the production of maps on color CRT terminals using computer mapping programs. Since constant conditions of lighting and viewing background were used for all participants, "simultaneous contrast" effects were held constant. The data curves for red, green and blue were all found to be power functions

Get on Your Feet and Up To Speed: Ways to Start-Up or Scale-Up an OER Initiative

How can you get started with or “scale-up” OER practices at your institution? And how will the library fit in? Two or three years ago, “OER Librarian” wasn’t even a title, but in a relatively short time librarians at all 24 campuses of the City University of New York (CUNY) have taken on a multitude of different roles to support OER initiatives. Each campus has come on board with its own timeline and developed its own structure and workflows to accomplish this work, in alignment with campus culture. While many have taken positions in support of individual faculty OER developers and become fierce advocates for open initiatives, the full range of how librarians contribute plays out very differently on each campus. At the same time, librarians collaborate across the campuses via an OER committee/working group overseen by the CUNY Office of Library Services, uniquely positioning us to observe and discuss best practices as well as the varying models of OER support. Join us for a panel featuring individual case studies and a facilitated conversation among CUNY OER librarians about developing, evolving, and scaling up OER initiatives at community colleges, four-year colleges, and graduate research institutions. We will explore questions such as: Which entity on campus is in the driver’s seat? How does intra-campus collaboration play out? What are the labor implications of these new initiatives for librarians and other faculty? Where do definitions of OER, ZTC (zero-textbook cost), and open pedagogy intersect and overlap

The Ursinus Weekly, November 8, 1965

The Agency presents Susan Starr in concert: Famous pianist accompanied by Lansdowne Symphony • Travel seminar plans in progress • Queen Marianne reigns over Homecoming festivities • Antiqua Players scheduled for November 10 Forum • Federal service exam, December 4 • Pioneering the past an adventure for all • Editorial: Bribery and misrepresentation • Wismer furor reinvestigated: Weekly reporter interviews Mrs. Otterstetter • Omwake and Bach Dormitories: Special lounge accommodations upon Dean\u27s invitation • The Far Corners an oasis from boredom • Letters to the editor • West Chester ekes by Ursinus 4-3 • Ursinus loses Homecoming game: Haverford beats Bears 22-6 • UC outclasses LaSalle • Greek gleaningshttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/weekly/1209/thumbnail.jp

The Ursinus Weekly, February 14, 1966

Happiness is the Lorelei: Traditional turnabout features peanuts, Whitians and kings • Dr. Riffe plans Shakespeare trips • St. Andrews Soc. offers stipend for study abroad • Agency Olatunji concert kicks off winter IF • Art is contemplation • Mrs. Pancoast to speak at Color Day • PSEA hears talk on ed. changes • Editorial: Situations to ponder • Controversy suggests student interest in local art exhibited in Wismer: What is it? they ask • Aching need filled by Supply Store a-go-go • Quiet hours shattered by fire as candle sets Hobson ablaze • Kersey lauds IF initiative • Paw prints • Intramural corner • UC dropped by E\u27town, routs Hopkins • Women\u27s JV wins opener • Bears outshoot PMC; Lose to Swarthmore: Troster paces Ursinus • UC student, Class of 1971, satires greatly organized Supply Store • Greek gleanings.https://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/weekly/1216/thumbnail.jp

The Ursinus Weekly, April 12, 1965

Farewell and welcome: 12th annual senior banquet • Women elect WSGA officers • Sprecher, Rodimer, Tucker and Katz named editors: Production staff also announced • YW-YMCA freshman camp plans now in progress • Summer reading program supplemented by film • Spring fashions grace Bomberger; Proceeds support foster child • Soc. classes hear Lloyd • Spirit Committee announces bake sale • Save money, read this note • Editorial: Our policy • Kennedy memorial day • YM-YWCA volunteer service programs • Red Chinese use truth against P.O.W.s • $400,000 a year? • Lantern and Giefan move toward merger • Baseball team drops opener • Cindermen extend streak: Trackmen rip Muhlenberg & H\u27ford • West Chester downed: Snellbelles end season with hard fought victory • Mermaids end season • Tennis team wins • Beta Sig new intramural champs • Letters to the editorhttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/weekly/1245/thumbnail.jp