117 research outputs found
MACROECONOMIC DETERMINANTS OF WINE PRODUCTION IN THE EUROPEAN UNION
This paper focuses on the determinants of wine production in the European wine industry. In the last two decades, the European wine industry has undergone many changes due to the entry of new countries into the world wine market. Although increasing competitiveness became the priority of the European Common Agricultural Policy, wine production and consumption in the EU have decreased in the last two decades, and therefore the aim of this research is to analyse and identify the macroeconomic determinants of wine production, i.e. what factors besides the price influence wine production in selected EU countries and in how they can be controlled. Empirical research was conducted using data for EU member states traditionally engaged in wine production. Panel data on wine production, wine consumption, average wine price, wine imports, wine exports and EU support to the wine sector were collected from secondary sources for 15 wine-producing EU countries and for the period 2009-2018. We estimated the econometric model using pooled OLS, as diagnostic tests indicated that this estimator was the best fit for our data. Our results suggest that domestic demand and domestic (EU) subsidies are the main drivers of wine production. To keep up with New World wine producers, even more emphasis should be placed on promoting the wine drinking culture
Deminutivi na djelu: kognitivnolingvistiÄka analiza deminutivnih glagola tvorenih sufiksacijom u hrvatskome
This paper deals with a semantic analysis of diminutive verbs in Croatian, focusing on diminutive verbs formed by diminutive suffixes. In order to account for the semantic properties of diminutive verbs, a cognitive linguistic framework is adopted and a radial category model of diminutive verb semantics is proposed. Phenomena specific to verbal semantics, such as pluractionality, are also discussed in relation to diminutive semantics. Contrary to Jurafsky (1996), the semantics of diminutive verbs is accounted for in terms of two conceptual metaphors MORE IS UP (LESS IS DOWN) and GOOD IS UP (BAD IS DOWN) that motivate the formation of diminutive meanings. The central position of the radial category is given to the category of verbs of diminished physical intensity, and two other categories are proposed, verbs of dispersive actions and pejorative verbs. The classification is based on an inventory of diminutive verbs built upon the data from the Croatian Derivational Verb Database.U radu se raspravlja o deminutivnim glagolima u hrvatskome unutar teorijskog okvira kognitivne lingvistike, s naglaskom na deminutivne glagole tvorene sufiksacijom. SemantiÄka analiza deminutivnih glagola temelji se na modelu radijalne strukture, koji u analizu deminutiva uvodi Jurafsky (1996). MeÄutim, nasuprot Jurafskyevu modelu koji gradnju znaÄenja deminutivnih glagola, za razliku od drugih vrsta rijeÄi, analizira kao postupak operacije lambdaāapstrakcije u radu se zagovara djelovanje dviju konceptualnih metafora na oblikovanje glagolskih znaÄenja, VIÅ E JE GORE (MANJE JE DOLJE) i DOBRO JE GORE (LOÅ E JE DOLJE). Kako bi se dobio pregled moguÄih znaÄenja deminutivnih glagola, stvorena je baza deminutivnih glagola, izgraÄena prema podacima dobivenima iz leksikona hrvatskih glagola CroDeriV. Baza deminutivnih glagola dostupna je kao dio CroDeriV baze glagola. Na temelju baze deminutivnih glagola izdvojena su semantiÄka obilježja relevantna za oblikovanje deminutivnih znaÄenja u domeni glagolskih radnji. Å est obilježja na koja utjeÄu deminutivni glagolski sufiksi jesu: fiziÄki intenzitet, prostorna usmjerenost radnje, usmjerenost mentalne pozornosti, veliÄina odsjeÄaka radnje, kontinuitet i kvaliteta radnje. Na temelju ovih semantiÄkih obilježja izdvajaju se Äetiri kategorije deminutivnih glagola te se raspravljaju njihove specifiÄne karakteristike i stupnjevitost ovih kategorija u radijalnoj strukturi. Prototipnu kategoriju radijalne strukture deminutivnih glagola Äine glagoli umanjenoga fiziÄkog intenziteta, dok su druge dvije kategorije glagoli neusmjerenih radnji (prostornih i mentalnih) te pejorativni glagoli. TakoÄer se raspravljaju obilježja specifiÄna za glagolske kategorije, poput iterativnosti, distributivnosti i durativnosti, koja utjeÄu na semantiku deminutiva na razliÄit naÄin od imenskih deminutiva. Tako se uvodi pojam plurakcionalnosti, odnosno segmentacije radnje na manje i brojnije odsjeÄke, kao pojam relevantan za opis znaÄenja deminutivne semantike glagola
Domena meteoroloŔkog vremena u hrvatskom: korpusno utemeljen opis oborinskih i neoborinskih meteoroloŔkih izraza
Th is study investigates weather expressions in Croatian, focusing on precipitation and nonāprecipitation weather phenomena. It highlights the complexity of the weather domain as described by
extant syntactic, semantic and lexical studies showing variation both interā and intralinguistically,
and as the focus of future investigations. Croatian is examined with respect to proposed typologies
of weather expressions, built around the notion of coding weather occurrences with the predicate or
the argument of the sentence, or both, as well as investigations of lexicalization patterns of weather
verbs with regards to Figure, Path and Manner. Though such classifications are based on crossālinguistic comparisons, their applications for systematizing intralinguistic variability are investigated
on Croatian data. Since descriptions of weather expressions in Croatian have mostly focused on a
subset of the most common weather verbs, verba meteorologica, a corpusābased approach is used to
expand the dataset with different types of syntactic structures and predicates used in describing
weather events, complemented by lexicographic sources. Weather expressions in Croatian are analyzed according to the semantic properties of dynamic and static weather phenomena, contextual
grounding of a weather expression, manner of occurrence and the notions of primary and secondary
weather expressions. Based on the overview of lexicographic and corpus data, this paper sketches an
outline for future systematic study of the weather domain in Croatian.U ovoj se studiji istražuju meteoroloŔki izrazi u hrvatskom, s fokusom na oborine i neoborinske
meteoroloÅ”ke pojave. Domena meteoroloÅ”kog vremena u hrvatskom smjeÅ”ta se u kontekst postojeÄih
istraživanja verba meteorologica u hrvatskim jezikoslovnim opisima s jedne strane, te u kontekst tipoloŔkih
istraživanja sintaktiÄkih struktura kojima se opisuju meteoroloÅ”ki dogaÄaji s druge. Kako bi se proÅ”irila
opisana jeziÄna graÄa u vezi s domenom meteoroloÅ”kog vremena u hrvatskom u radu je odabran korpusno
utemeljen pristup, te se raspravlja o prednostima i izazovima takvog pristupa, i predlaže naÄin na koji se
graÄa može klasifi cirati za potrebe analize na temelju primarnih, sekundardnih te metaforiÄkih znaÄenja
meteoroloŔkih izraza. Na temelju korpusnih potvrda i leksikografskih podataka, kategoriji meteoroloŔkih
glagola (kiÅ”iti, sniježiti i dr.) pridodani su glagoli koji oznaÄuju naÄin zbivanja, npr. rominjati, kao i druge
sintaktiÄke strukture kojima se može oznaÄiti meteoroloÅ”ki dogaÄaj, a izlaze izvan uporabe bezliÄnih glagola,
npr. maglovito je, mraz je na tlu. UnutarjeziÄna raznolikost meteoroloÅ”kih izraza u hrvatskom nadalje se
analizira prema semantiÄkim svojstvima dinamiÄnih i statiÄnih meteoroloÅ”kih pojava, leksikalizacijskim
obilježjima koja su kodirana meteoroloÅ”kim glagolima (Lik, Put i NaÄin), kontekstnom usidrenju
meteoroloÅ”kog izraza, naÄinu zbivanja te pojmovima primarnih i sekundarnih meteoroloÅ”kih izraza. Na
temelju leksikografskih i korpusnih podataka, u ovom se radu predlaže nacrt za daljnje sustavno prouÄavanje
domene meteoroloÅ”kog vremena, posebice s obzirom na leksikalizaciju meteoroloÅ”kih dogaÄaja i pojavnosti
Prijedložna antonimija u hrvatskome: korpusni pristup
Prepositions as a word class pose various questions as to the relation between lexical
and functional language units and their place in the lexicon (Jolly 1991, Å ariÄ and Reindl
2001). Though often referred to as function words, prepositions show a) systematic semantic
relations, ie. nearāsynonymy, polysemy, antonymy and b) a wide variety of lexical
and functional (grammatical) uses, indicating a complex interplay of systematic features
and contextual modifications which participate in the formation of their meaning. Semantic
relations such as antonymy are mostly discussed in terms of adjectives, nouns
and verbs, leaving out a detailed description of antonymy effects in other word classes
such as prepositions (e.g. Lyons 1977, Cruse 1986, Jones et al. 2012). By adopting the
methodology of antonymy research developed for identifying and extracting antonyms from
corpora, we examine the coāoccurrence of prepositional antonyms in the Croatian National
Corpus. We take up the cognitive linguistic position of examining antonymy as a prototype
based category based on both conceptual opposition and contextual modifications (Paradis
et al. 2009), and we observe its workings on the novel prepositional dataset. Based on
the primary domains and conceptual structures that motivate prepositional opposition
formation, we divide the antonyms into spatial (directional and locational), temporal and
nonādimensional types. For each of the antonym types there are different contextual
modifications and conceptual structures that shape these antonymy relations, indicating a
complex interplay between language system and language use.Prijedlozi kao vrsta rijeÄi otvaraju mnoga pitanja o vezi leksiÄkih i funkcionalnih rijeÄi
i njihovu mjestu u leksikonu jezika (Jolly 1991, Å ariÄ i Reindl 2001). Iako se Äesto
definiraju kao funkcionalne jedinice jezika, prijedlozi pokazuju: a) sustavne semantiÄke
odnose, odnosno sinonimiju, polisemiju i antonimiju i b) veliku raznolikost njihovih leksiÄkih
i funkcionalnih uporaba koja upuÄuje na složene odnose njihovih obilježja u jeziÄnom sustavu
i kontekstualnih modifikacija koje sudjeluju u oblikovanju njihovih znaÄenja. MeÄuleksiÄki
odnosi, poput antonimije, veÄinom se usredotoÄavaju na opise punoznaÄnih rijeÄi poput imenica,
pridjeva i glagola, izostavljajuÄi sustavan opis antonimije u drugim vrstama rijeÄi kao Å”to
su prijedlozi (e.g. Lyons 1977, Cruse 1986, Jones et al. 2012). Stoga je cilj rada ponuditi
opis prijedložne antonimije koristeÄi se metodama razvijenim za identifikaciju antonima u
korpusima, poglavito metode supojavljivanja antonima u razliÄitim kontekstima. U skladu s
kognitivnolingvistiÄkim pristupom antonimija se definira kao prototipno ustrojena kategorija
utemeljena na konceptualnim strukturama, kao i na kontekstualnim modifikacijama (Paradis i
sur. 2009). Prijedložni antonimski parnjaci grupirani su u tri kategorije na temelju primarnih
domena kojima pripadaju te konceptualnih struktura koje motiviraju razvoj njihovih opozicija,
prostorni (direkcionalni i lokacijski), vremenski te nedimenzionalni antonimi. Za svaku kategoriju
antonima raspravlja se o razliÄitim konceptualnim strukturama kao temelju za uspostavu odnosa
suprotnosti te kontekstnim modifikacijama koje utjeÄu na ovaj meÄuleksiÄki odnos. Antonimija
se tako kao meÄuleksiÄki odnos prouÄava s obzirom na složenosti unutarleksiÄkih, odnosno
polisemnih struktura prijedloga, kao i sintagmatskih odnosa koji je odražavaju i motiviraju.
Takav se meÄuodnos sintagmatskih i paradigmatskih odnosa promatra kao indikator složenih
odnosa izmeÄu jeziÄnog sustava i jeziÄne uporabe
Prilog: IzvjeÅ”taj o toku i rezultatima izbora za odbornike SkupÅ”tine opÄine Krk, Krk, 11. svibnja 1990.
Arithmetic development overview and some special calculation methods
Kroz Äitavu povijest matematika je bila prisutna u svakodnevnom radu i životu ljudi. Ona se mijenjala i razvijala sukladno razvoju Äovjeka i kulture. Kako bi Å”to bolje razumjeli danaÅ”nju matematiku bitno je poznavati njezinu povijest. Cilj ovoga radi bio je dvostruki. Prvi je cilj bio saznati viÅ”e o povijesti matematike, njenom razvoju, razvoju brojevnih sustava i naÄina raÄunanja. Drugi cilj bio je analizirati neke od nekonvencionalnih, posebnih raÄunskih algoritama te sugerirati na koji naÄin ih možemo koristiti u razrednoj nastavi, a time obogatiti samu nastavu.Throughout the entire history mathematics was present in peoples everyday work and life.. It changed and developed according to the development of man and culture. In order to better understand today's math, it is essential to know its history. This paper has two main objects. First goal was to find out more about the history of mathematics, its development, the development of numerical systems and the way of computing. Another aim was to analyze some of the unconventional, special algorithms that can be used in primary schools, enriching the course itself
The impact of distribution channels on the bargaining position of Croatian wine producers
This paper presents an exploratory study of the relationship between wine producers and distributors in the Croatian wine sector. It focuses on the impact of distribution channels on the bargaining position of wine producers, thereby adding to the growing body of research seeking to determine the factors that influence the growth potential of the traditional agricultural sector. Due to the fragmentation on the production side of the market and a high level of concentration on the distribution side, the wine sector provides a suitable context for studying the bargaining power of agricultural (wine) producers and hypothesizing on future outcomes in terms of industry structure and growth potential. Presuming that the share of value retained by the wine producer depends on his bargaining position, two hypotheses were tested: H1: A higher degree of self-reliance improves a wine producerās bargaining position and H2: A higher number of distribution channels improves a wine producerās bargaining position.
After a brief review of relevant scientific literature, five regression models were created and tested on a sample of 124 Croatian wine producers, which yielded statistically significant results confirming the hypotheses. the final model controls for production volume, number of labels and respective region. The paper ends with some general conclusions and recommendations for future research
Izražavanje specifiÄnosti u jeziku bez Älanova: Pokazatelji specifiÄnosti u hrvatskom jeziku
The main goal of the paper was to detect specificity markers in Croatian. As specificity is in a close relation to (in)definiteness, markers of (in)definiteness such as articles are standardly used as indicators of specificity as well. However, detecting specificity in articleless languages becomes less straightforward. Regardless of the lack of the article system, other (in)definiteness markers exist in Croatian. Here, we focused on the following markers of (in)definiteness in order to find specificity markers: i) the adjectives, ii) the numeral jedan āoneā, and iii) the demonstrative (definite) and indefinite pronouns. As specificity markers in Croatian we discuss the numeral jedan āoneā, the indefinite pronoun neki āsomeā and the construction taj + neki āthat someā. Our study also lead to the formation of three categories of specificity based on the properties of these markers: a) contextual specificity, b) semiālexicalized specificity and c) constructional specificity.Glavni cilj ovoga rada bio je odrediti pokazatelje specifiÄnosti u hrvatskom jeziku. Definicija specifiÄnosti odnosi se na moguÄnost govornikove identifikacije jedinstvenog referenta imenske fraze i na taj naÄin funkcionira kao primarno pragmatiÄki utemeljena kategorija, koja svoju funkciju ostvaruje u govornom, odnosno komunikacijskom Äinu. TakoÄer, specifiÄnost se kao sintaktiÄkoāsemantiÄka kategorija u literaturi Äesto veže uz pojmove odreÄenosti i neodreÄenosti te se obiÄno izražava Älanovima u jezicima poput engleskoga. Na taj se naÄin specifiÄnost u literaturi definira kao kategorija koja presijeca kategorije odreÄenosti i neodreÄenosti te je njezino izdvajanje za potrebe jeziÄne analize izazovan zadatak. TakoÄer, jezici bez sustava Älanova, poput hrvatskoga, koriste raznorodne strategije za izražavanje neodreÄenosti i odreÄenosti, kao i njima srodne kategorije specifiÄnosti. U radu se tako raspravlja s kojim se pokazateljima odreÄenosti i neodreÄenosti u hrvatskome može povezati i ostvarivanje specifiÄnosti. Tri kategorije za izražavanje odreÄenosti i neodreÄenosti koje se obraÄuju jesu: a) kratki i dugi oblici pridjeva, b) broj jedan i c) pokazne i neodreÄene zamjenice. Na primjerima iz Hrvatskoga nacionalnog korpusa te Hrvatske jeziÄne riznice pokazuje se nestanak opreke neodreÄenosti i odreÄenosti u kratkim i dugim oblicima pridjeva te u skladu s time i nedostatnost ove tradicionalne gramatiÄke podjele za opis kategorije specifiÄnosti. Posebna se pažnja posveÄuje funkcijama broja jedan i procesu gramatikalizacije kojime jedan u odreÄenim kontekstima gubi svoju funkciju broja te preuzima funkciju neodreÄenoga specifiÄnog Älana. Nadalje, kao dodatni pokazatelj specifiÄnosti u hrvatskome istiÄe se složena konstrukcija taj+neki, odnosno konstrukcija pokazne zamjenice i neodreÄene zamjenice u poziciji modifikatora imenske fraze. Na temelju korpusne analize primjera i sredstava kojima se izražava specifiÄnost u hrvatskome ustanovljena je klasifikacija jeziÄnih sredstava za izražavanje specifiÄnosti koja se sastoji od kategorija a) kontekstualne specifiÄnosti, b) poluleksikalizirane specifiÄnosti i c) konstrukcijske specifiÄnosti. Kontekstualna specifiÄnost se definira kao pragmatiÄki ostvarena kategorija, dok se poluleksikalizirana specifiÄnost ostvaruje gramatikalizacijom broja jedan. Konstrukcijska je specifiÄnost izražena slaganjem zamjenica taj+neki
Opportunity Cost Classification of Goods and Markets
Sixty years ago, Samuelsonās āPure Theory of Public ExpenditureāĀ expounded the classification of goods, and Bainās āEconomies of Scale,Ā Concentration and the Condition of Entry in Twenty ManufacturingĀ Industriesā expounded the structure-conduct-performance paradigm. ToĀ the present day, rivalry in- and excludability from consumption classifyĀ goods, and subadditivity and irreversibility in production classify marketĀ structure. Opportunity costs of production in the form of prospectiveĀ sunk costs incentivise investment and production, and the sunk costsĀ themselves induce subadditivities, specialization and convexity of theĀ marginal rate of technical substitution. Opportunity costs in consumptionĀ are determined by the marginal costs of replacement. In light of theĀ recent Nobel price award to Jean Tirole, we revisit some of the forgottenĀ discussions and clarify some of the terminology under a more economicĀ framework of opportunity costs
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