Antimicrobial peptide expression in a wild tobacco plant reveals the limits of host-microbe-manipulations in the field

Plant-microbe associations are thought to be beneficial for plant growth and resistance against biotic or abiotic stresses, but for natural ecosystems, the ecological analysis of microbiome function remains in its infancy. We used transformed wild tobacco plants (Nicotiana attenuata) which constitutively express an antimicrobial peptide (Mc-AMP1) of the common ice plant, to establish an ecological tool for plant-microbe studies in the field. Transgenic plants showed in planta activity against plant-beneficial bacteria and were phenotyped within the plants´ natural habitat regarding growth, fitness and the resistance against herbivores. Multiple field experiments, conducted over 3 years, indicated no differences compared to isogenic controls. Pyrosequencing analysis of the root-associated microbial communities showed no major alterations but marginal effects at the genus level. Experimental infiltrations revealed a high heterogeneity in peptide tolerance among native isolates and suggests that the diversity of natural microbial communities can be a major obstacle for microbiome manipulations in nature

Transverse spectral functions and Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions in XXZ spin chains

Recently much progress has been made in applying field theory methods, first developed to study X-ray edge singularities, to interacting one dimensional systems in order to include band curvature effects and study edge singularities at arbitrary momentum. Finding experimental confirmations of this theory remains an open challenge. Here we point out that spin chains with uniform Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (DM) interactions provide an opportunity to test these theories since these interactions may be exactly eliminated by a gauge transformation which shifts the momentum. However, this requires an extension of these X-ray edge methods to the transverse spectral function of the xxz spin chain in a magnetic field, which we provide

Data-Driven Approximation of the Perron-Frobenius Operator Using the Wasserstein Metric

This manuscript introduces a regression-type formulation for approximating the Perron-Frobenius Operator by relying on distributional snapshots of data. These snapshots may represent densities of particles. The Wasserstein metric is leveraged to define a suitable functional optimization in the space of distributions. The formulation allows seeking suitable dynamics so as to interpolate the distributional flow in function space. A first-order necessary condition for optimality is derived and utilized to construct a gradient flow approximating algorithm. The framework is exemplied with numerical simulations.Comment: 11 page

The space syntax toolkit: Integrating depthmapX and exploratory spatial analysis workflows in QGIS

The "Space Syntax Toolkit" is a QGIS plug-in for spatial network and statistical analysis. It provides a front-end for the depthmapX software within QGIS, offering user-friendly space syntax analysis workflows in a GIS environment. It is primarily aimed at supporting the space syntax methodology, and enhancing it with GIS data, analysis and visualisation features. Nevertheless, its functionality is of general benefit to QGIS users by introducing tools for exploratory spatial data analysis. In this article we present the "Space Syntax Toolkit", describing its principles and implementation, the features of its two initial modules - "Graph Analysis" and "Attribute Explorer" - and give indication of future developments

Hydrodynamic instabilities in gaseous detonations: comparison of Euler, Navier–Stokes, and large-eddy simulation

A large-eddy simulation is conducted to investigate the transient structure of an unstable detonation wave in two dimensions and the evolution of intrinsic hydrodynamic instabilities. The dependency of the detonation structure on the grid resolution is investigated, and the structures obtained by large-eddy simulation are compared with the predictions from solving the Euler and Navier–Stokes equations directly. The results indicate that to predict irregular detonation structures in agreement with experimental observations the vorticity generation and dissipation in small scale structures should be taken into account. Thus, large-eddy simulation with high grid resolution is required. In a low grid resolution scenario, in which numerical diffusion dominates, the structures obtained by solving the Euler or Navier–Stokes equations and large-eddy simulation are qualitatively similar. When high grid resolution is employed, the detonation structures obtained by solving the Euler or Navier–Stokes equations directly are roughly similar yet equally in disagreement with the experimental results. For high grid resolution, only the large-eddy simulation predicts detonation substructures correctly, a fact that is attributed to the increased dissipation provided by the subgrid scale model. Specific to the investigated configuration, major differences are observed in the occurrence of unreacted gas pockets in the high-resolution Euler and Navier–Stokes computations, which appear to be fully combusted when large-eddy simulation is employed

Pola Bakteri dan Resistensi Antibiotik pada Ulkus Diabetik Grade Dua di RSUD Arifin Achmad Periode 2012

Diabetic ulcer is chronic complication of diabetes melitus shown as connective tissues ulceration and destruction on lower limbs caused by uncontrollable hyperglycaemic of Diabetes melitus patient that lead into peripheral angiopathy and neuropathy so that bacterial infection trauma will easily occur. This research\u27s goal is to find out bacterial pattern and antibiotic resistance of second grade diabetic ulcer patients that have been hospitalized in General Hospital Arifin Achmad on 2012. 23 comprehensive medical records have been used in this descriptive and retrospective methode of research. From distribution of age category has been found 40-59 years old as the highest percentage (87%). Based on gender has been found female respondents (78,3%) and male respondents (21,7%). Most of patients have been suffered Diabetes melitus for less than 5 years (60,9%) and allowed to went home after treatment (82,6%). Most commonly bacteria that found based on bacterial culture and resistance test was Acinetobacter baumanii (34,8%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (26,2%) and Escherichia coli (17,4%). Amoxicillin and ampicillin have lowest sensitivity (0%), followed by trimethoprim/sulfametoxazole (17,4%) and cefotaxime as well as ciprofloxacin was 21,7%. The highest sensitivity antibiotics was meropenem (100%), imipenem, amikacin, and colistin (95,6%), followed by ertapenem (91,3%)