Relations between measures of attention and memory in the assessment of children with attentional difficulties

Attentional difficulties are associated with a number of different pediatric clinical disorders, including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), learning disabilities (LD), and traumatic brain injury (TBI). Further, two cognitive functions dependent upon attention, learning and memory, are characteristic deficits in LD children, and have been documented as correlated weaknesses in ADHD and TBI populations. However, few investigations have examined the relation between these cognitive functions, in terms of understanding the respective contributions of attention, learning, and memory deficits in the clinical groups indicated above. In the present study, a measure of attention, the Gordon Diagnostic System (GDS) was compared to a measure of learning and memory in children, the Wide Range Assessment of Memory and Learning (WRAML), in ADHD, LD/ADHD, TBI, and typically-functioning Control groups (aged 9--14 inclusive, N = 25 per group). The purposes of this comparison were a) to determine the correlation between the GDS and learning and memory subtests thought to have a strong attentional component, and b) to examine how performance profiles on the various measures would discriminate among clinical groups, and predict group classification. Results of the correlational analysis indicated relations among the measures along the lines of visual and verbal working memory, versus the expected attention/memory dichotomy. The discriminant analysis revealed that the LD/ADHD group demonstrated significantly more difficulties on both verbal and visual working memory tasks, compared to the other groups, and that visual working memory tasks primarily separated the ADHD and TBI groups from the Control group. These findings were discussed in terms of the importance of considering working memory as a significant factor in attentional functions of children with ADHD, LD, and TBI

QICS work package 1: migration and trapping of CO2 from a reservoir to the seabed or land surface

Natural CO2 seeps can be used as analogues for studies into surface flux and impact resulting from leaking engineered geological CO2 reservoirs. However their long-lived nature often means that the local environment has either adapted or evolvedaround the seepage site. The ‘Quantifying Impact of carbon storage’ (QICS) experiment provides the solution to this issue by releasing CO2 into an environment previously untouched by CO2. Work Package 1 (WP1) of the QICS project is primarily concerned with the migration of CO2 in the subsurface and how to relate the results of the relatively shallow experiment to a full storage scale setting in the UK North Sea. The main objectives of WP1 are to investigate potential leakage pathways from the reservoir to the surface, determine possible leakage rates and assess the potential volumes of leaked CO2 that can reach the surface environment

A systematic review of the treatment and management of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia in Nigeria

Throughout the development of a pregnancy, there are many opportunities when pre-eclampsia and eclampsia (PE/E) can be prevented, detected, and managed; based on the literature, certain gaps exist along this continuum of care. To fully appreciate the enormity of the problem at the country level, the Population Council conducted a systematic review of published papers on PE/E in Nigeria from 2000–15 in order to understand the key challenges, gaps, and interventions related to the prevention and treatment of PE/E. In order to have the most impact, this report recommends a multi-level set of interventions that increase community awareness of symptoms of PE/E and antenatal health-seeking behavior, and improve and expand provider skills and knowledge for detecting and treating high blood pressure in pregnancy and PE/E throughout the developmental stages of pregnancy. The report concludes with specific strategies that are currently thought to be the best practices to reduce maternal mortality related to PE/E

Results from systematic literature review on PE/E in Bangladesh

By 2015, at the conclusion of the Millennium Development Goals, Bangladesh had achieved a reduction in maternal death from 550 per 100,000 live births in 1990, to 170 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births in 2015. Despite this progress, there are still between 5,000 and 6,000 maternal deaths every year in Bangladesh, where 20 percent are the result of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia (PE/E). This systematic review of peer-reviewed literature published between January 2000 and July 2016 identified interventions adopted to manage PE/E throughout Bangladesh. Specifically, it looked at issues around quality of care, gaps in the evidence, and barriers to accessing PE/E services

A systematic review of the treatment and management of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia in Bangladesh

By 2015, at the conclusion of the Millennium Development Goals, Bangladesh had achieved a reduction in maternal deaths, however, despite the progress, there are still between 5,000 and 6,000 maternal deaths every year, with 20 percent the result of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia (PE/E). To fully understand the key challenges, gaps, and interventions related to the prevention and treatment of PE/E at the national level, Ending Eclampsia conducted a systematic review of papers in Bangladesh published between 2000 and 2015 specifically looking at issues around the quality of care, gaps in the evidence, and barriers to accessing PE/E services. The main findings noted a lack of awareness among pregnant women and their families about when to seek care when pregnancy-related complications arise. Reviewers also identified several gaps and limitations in the current available research and provided recommendations for future study on PE/E in Bangladesh

Introduction and Table of Contents

Message from President Kirk Schulz and Vice President for Research Karen Burg; Kansas State University Perspectives and Table of Contents for the Fall 2015 issu

Introduction and Table of Contents

Message from President Kirk Schulz and Vice President for Research Karen Burg; and Table of Contents for the Summer 2014 issu

Introduction and Table of Contents

Message from President Kirk Schulz and Vice President for Research Karen Burg; and Table of Contents for the winter/spring 2015 issu

Knowledge Utilization in Social Work and Legal Practice

The gap between knowledge generated by systematic inquiry and its eventual use by practitioners has been a concern in social work for several decades. Explanations for the gap have been identified as the orientation or attitudes of practitioners, the character of professional education, and the nature of scientific inquiry. The structural character of both practice itself and its knowledge base have been overlooked as an explanation. By comparing legal and social work practice, we suggest that characteristics of social work practice and knowledge also impede research utilization

Language skills of profoundly deaf children who received cochlear implants under 12 months of age: a preliminary study

Conclusion. This study demonstrated that children who receive a cochlear implant below the age of 2 years obtain higher mean receptive and expressive language scores than children implanted over the age of 2 years. Objective. The purpose of this study was to compare the receptive and expressive language skills of children who received a cochlear implant before 1 year of age to the language skills of children who received an implant between 1 and 3 years of age. Subjects and methods. Standardized language measures, the Reynell Developmental Language Scale (RDLS) and the Preschool Language Scale (PLS), were used to assess the receptive and expressive language skills of 91 children who received an implant before their third birthday. Results. The mean receptive and expressive language scores for the RDLS and the PLS were slightly higher for the children who were implanted below the age of 2 years compared with the children who were implanted over 2 years old. For the PLS, both the receptive and expressive mean standard scores decreased with increasing age at implantation