Increased cerebral blood flow in the right anterior cingulate cortex and fronto-orbital cortex during go/no-go task in children with ADHD

Objective Arterial spin labeling (ASL) is a relatively new imaging modality in the field of the cognitive neuroscience. In the present study, we aimed to compare the dynamic regional cerebral blood flow alterations of children with ADHD and healthy controls during a neurocognitive task by using event-related ASL scanning. Methods The study comprised of 17 healthy controls and 20 children with ADHD. The study subjects were scanned on 3 Tesla MRI scanner to obtain ASL imaging data. Subjects performed go/no-go task during the ASL image acquisition. The image analyses were performed by FEAT (fMRI Expert Analysis Tool) Version 6. Results The mean age was 10.88 +/- 1.45 and 11 +/- 1.91 for the control and ADHD group, respectively (p = .112). The go/no-go task was utilized during the ASL scanning. The right anterior cingulate cortex (BA32) extending into the frontopolar and orbitofrontal cortices (BA10 and 11) displayed greater activation in ADHD children relative to the control counterparts (p < .001). With a lenient significance threshold, greater activation was revealed in the right-sided frontoparietal regions during the go session, and in the left precuneus during the no-go session. Conclusion These results indicate that children with ADHD needed to over-activate frontopolar cortex, anterior cingulate as well as the dorsal and ventral attention networks to compensate for the attention demanded in a given cognitive task

DIFFUSION TENSOR IMAGING FINDINGS IN CHILDREN WITH SLUGGISH COGNITIVE TEMPO COMORBID ADHD

WOS:000544087501097[No Abstract Available]Ege University Scientific Research Projects Coordination UnitEge University [16-TIP-047]Supported by the Ege University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit-Project 16-TIP-04

Barkley Child Attention Scale Validity and Reliability Study

WOS: 000445818900007Objective: The purpose of this study is to examine the psychometric properties of the Barkley Child Attention Scale (BCAS) for 6-to 12-year-old children. Method: This study was conducted with 291 children (of an age of 6-12 years) with a clinically normal level of intelligence and a diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The structure validity of the scale was studied by exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. In order to evaluate the measure-dependent validity of the scale, Child Behavior Checklist for ages 6-18 and Swanson, Nolan and Pelham Questionnaire (SNAP-IV) parental form were used. Reliability of the scale was measured by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Results: As a result of the exploratory factor analysis, the scale consists of two factors called "daydreaming" and "sluggish," as is the case in its original form. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the fit indices of the scale were at an acceptable level. The correlation analysis study for the criterion-related validity study of the scale revealed that Sluggish Cognitive Tempo (SCT) had a positive correlation with ADHD-IN and internalization problems, a negative correlation with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder/hyperactivity-impulsivity (ADHD-HI), and no correlation with externalization problems. Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the BCAS is 0.86 and the scale is seen to be reliable. Conclusion: It can be said that the BCAS is a valid and reliable scale that can measure sluggish cognitive tempo symptoms of 6- to 12-year-old children

Increased cerebral blood flow in the right anterior cingulate cortex and fronto-orbital cortex during go/no-go task in children with ADHD

WOS:000605729300001PubMed: 33411645Objective Arterial spin labeling (ASL) is a relatively new imaging modality in the field of the cognitive neuroscience. in the present study, we aimed to compare the dynamic regional cerebral blood flow alterations of children with ADHD and healthy controls during a neurocognitive task by using event-related ASL scanning. Methods The study comprised of 17 healthy controls and 20 children with ADHD. The study subjects were scanned on 3 Tesla MRI scanner to obtain ASL imaging data. Subjects performed go/no-go task during the ASL image acquisition. The image analyses were performed by FEAT (fMRI Expert Analysis Tool) Version 6. Results The mean age was 10.88 +/- 1.45 and 11 +/- 1.91 for the control and ADHD group, respectively (p = .112). The go/no-go task was utilized during the ASL scanning. The right anterior cingulate cortex (BA32) extending into the frontopolar and orbitofrontal cortices (BA10 and 11) displayed greater activation in ADHD children relative to the control counterparts (p < .001). With a lenient significance threshold, greater activation was revealed in the right-sided frontoparietal regions during the go session, and in the left precuneus during the no-go session. Conclusion These results indicate that children with ADHD needed to over-activate frontopolar cortex, anterior cingulate as well as the dorsal and ventral attention networks to compensate for the attention demanded in a given cognitive task.Ege University Scientific Research CouncilEge UniversityThe present research was financially supported by Ege University Scientific Research Council

functional outcome in late adolescence/early adulthood of patients with autism spectrum disorder and its relationships with parental burnout and depression: A preliminary multi-center, cross-sectional study.

The aim of this study is to determine the functioning of adults with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) diagnosed in childhood and depression and burnout levels among their parents. A total of 261 adults with ASDs and their parents were recruited for the study. Both parents completed the Beck Depression and Maslach Burnout Inventories and reported the functioning of their adult offspring with ASDs. Only 5.4 % of our sample reported “good” or “very good” outcomes. The most common psychiatric comorbidities were intellectual disabilities and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Maternal burnout and depression scores were significantly elevated compared to those of fathers. There is an undeniable urgent need for more research to identify the needs of adults and families suffering from ASD. Modifications for those with ASD may have to be made for support in workplaces, achieving driving licenses, using public transportation and attendance at tertiary education