Osmanlı Klasik Dönem Mushaf Tezhibinde Durak

Kültür ve sanat zenginliğini ve seviyesini gösteren kitaplar, medeniyetlerin aynasıdır. Kitapların ve levhaların yazıldığı hatlar seçilmiş örnekleri ve süslenmesinde kullanılan tezyini unsurlar ile ayrı ayrı önem taşırlar. İslam'ın ilk yıllarında kutsal kitabımızı doğru bir şekilde yazma ve okuma çabası yerini daha sonra onu güzel yazarak süsleme çabasına bırakmıştır. Geç Emevî ve erken Abbasî döneminde (8.-10. yy. arasında) istinsah edilen Kur'ân nüshalarından anlaşıldığı üzere, sayfaları bezeme geleneğinin kutsal kitabın sayfalarında başladığı söylenebilir. Tezimde, Kur'ân-ı Kerim'in indirilmesinden itibaren ayetlerin yazıya geçirilmesi, bunların daha sonra iki kapak arasında toplanması gibi konular ve Kur'ân-ı Kerim'in ilk tezhiplendiği zamandan günümüze kadar gelişen tezhip sanatı, kronoljik bir düzen içerisinde ele alınarak incelenmiş; müze,kütüphane ve özel koleksiyonlardan verilen bilgiler örneklerle desteklenmiştir. Tezhip sanatı, dönemlerine göre kısaca ele alınmış, konu ve verilen bilgiler örneklerle süslenmiştir. Tezin konusu olan duraklara gelince, onlar, tanımları yapılarak çeşitlerine göre ayrılmış, dönemler bazında incelenerek ele alınmıştır. Araştırma sırasında, Süleymaniye Kütüphanesi’nden oldukça yararlandım. Ancak bu, her zaman bu kadar kolay olmadı. İstediğim görsele ulaşamadığımda ise, değişik kaynaklar bulup, bunları tezimde kullanma yoluna gittim. Durak Motifi, tezde, önce ona neden ihtiyaç duyulduğu ve bu motifin nasıl ortaya çıktığı konusundan başlayarak anlatılmıştır. Kur'ân-ı Kerim'de durakların yer aldığı şekiller ve nedenler anlatılmış ve duraklar dönemlere göre de incelenmiştir.Books that display the wealth and level of cultures are mirrors of civilization. The calligraphy samples used to write books and plaques and the enscrolled elements are all significant and necessary. The attempts of writing and reading our holy book correctly of in the first years of the Islam were replaced later by the attempt of writing it beautifully and adorning it. As can be understood from the copies of Koran that were copied during the late Omayyad and the early Abbasid periods, in the 8th – 10th centuries, it can be pointed out that the tradition of decorating the pages with adornments started in the pages of the holy book. In my thesis subjects such as the writing and putting together the Koran from the time it was started and the art of adornment developing from the first enscrollment times of the Koran up to today has been discussed chronologically and the resources regarding the subjects are presented with examples from museums, libraries and private collections. The art of adornment has been investigated according to its periods and explained supported by examples. The caesuras that are the subject of my thesis have been described and separated according to their types and also examined and explained according to periods. While ma ing the research for m thesis, I have benefited from the S le mani e Library museum pretty much. I was not able to access the works and benefit from them easily at all times, but as a result of my efforts, I found different resources and used them in my thesis. The Caesura Motif has been explained firstly about why it was needed and how it came about in the beginning. The shapes and the reasons for the motifs in the Koran were discussed and investigated according to their periods. Yours faithfully

Whole Exome Sequencing Reveals DYSF, FKTN, and ISPD Mutations in Congenital Muscular Dystrophy Without Brain or Eye Involvement

Background: Congenital muscular dystrophies (CMDs) are a genetically and clinically heterogeneous group of neuromuscular disorders. Several genes encoding extracellular matrix, nuclear envelope, sarcolemmal proteins and glycosylation enzymes have been implicated in CMDs. The large overlap of clinical presentations due to mutations in different genes poses a challenge for clinicians in determining disease etiology for each patient. Objective: We investigated the use of whole exome sequencing (WES) in identifying the genetic cause of disease in 5 CMD patients from 3 families who presented with highly similar clinical features, including early-onset rapidly progressive weakness without brain or eye abnormalities. Methods: Whole exome sequencing was performed on DNA from affected individuals. Potential functional impacts of mutations were investigated by immunostaining on available muscle biopsies. Results: Pathogenic mutations in 3 different genes, DYSF, FKTN, and ISPD were identified in each family. Mutation in DYSF led to absence of dysferlin protein in patient muscle. Mutations in ISPD led to impaired ISDP function, as demonstrated by deficiency of α-dystroglycan glycosylation in patient muscle. Conclusions: This study highlights the benefit of unbiased genomic approaches in molecular diagnosis of neuromuscular disorders with high clinical heterogeneity, such as the phenotypes observed in our patients. Our results suggest that dysferlin deficiency should be in the differential diagnosis of congenital and rapidly progressive muscular dystrophy, and therefore dysferlin antibody should be in the standard immunohistochemistry panel for muscle biopsies in cases with suspected CMD

1950-1980 yılları arasında Ankara Kız Lisesi

Ankara : İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent Üniversitesi İktisadi, İdari ve Sosyal Bilimler Fakültesi, Tarih Bölümü, 2015.This work is a student project of the The Department of History, Faculty of Economics, Administrative and Social Sciences, İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent University.by İbrahim Mert Öztürk

2. Dünya Savaşı'nda Türk Kızılayı

Ankara : İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent Üniversitesi İktisadi, İdari ve Sosyal Bilimler Fakültesi, Tarih Bölümü, 2018.This work is a student project of the Department of History, Faculty of Economics, Administrative and Social Sciences, İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent University.The History of Turkey course (HIST200) is a requirement for all Bilkent undergraduates. It is designed to encourage students to work in groups on projects concerning any topic of their choice that relates to the history of Turkey. It is designed as an interactive course with an emphasis on research and the objective of investigating events, chronologically short historical periods, as well as historic representations. Students from all departments prepare and present final projects for examination by a committee, with 10 projects chosen to receive awards.Includes bibliographical references (pages 20-22).by Süha Ünsal

Acute kidney disease beyond day 7 after major surgery: a secondary analysis of the EPIS-AKI trial

Purpose: Acute kidney disease (AKD) is a significant health care burden worldwide. However, little is known about this complication after major surgery. Methods: We conducted an international prospective, observational, multi-center study among patients undergoing major surgery. The primary study endpoint was the incidence of AKD (defined as new onset of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eCFR) < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 present on day 7 or later) among survivors. Secondary endpoints included the relationship between early postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) (within 72 h after major surgery) and subsequent AKD, the identification of risk factors for AKD, and the rate of chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression in patients with pre-existing CKD. Results: We studied 9510 patients without pre-existing CKD. Of these, 940 (9.9%) developed AKD after 7 days of whom 34.1% experiencing an episode of early postoperative-AKI. Rates of AKD after 7 days significantly increased with the severity (19.1% Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes [KDIGO] 1, 24.5% KDIGO2, 34.3% KDIGO3; P < 0.001) and duration (15.5% transient vs 38.3% persistent AKI; P < 0.001) of early postoperative-AKI. Independent risk factors for AKD included early postoperative-AKI, exposure to perioperative nephrotoxic agents, and postoperative pneumonia. Early postoperative-AKI carried an independent odds ratio for AKD of 2.64 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.21-3.15). Of 663 patients with pre-existing CKD, 42 (6.3%) had worsening CKD at day 90. In patients with CKD and an episode of early AKI, CKD progression occurred in 11.6%. Conclusion: One in ten major surgery patients developed AKD beyond 7 days after surgery, in most cases without an episode of early postoperative-AKI. However, early postoperative-AKI severity and duration were associated with an increased rate of AKD and early postoperative-AKI was strongly associated with AKD independent of all other potential risk factors

Epidemiology of surgery associated acute kidney injury (EPIS-AKI): a prospective international observational multi-center clinical study

Purpose: The incidence, patient features, risk factors and outcomes of surgery-associated postoperative acute kidney injury (PO-AKI) across different countries and health care systems is unclear. Methods: We conducted an international prospective, observational, multi-center study in 30 countries in patients undergoing major surgery (> 2-h duration and postoperative intensive care unit (ICU) or high dependency unit admission). The primary endpoint was the occurrence of PO-AKI within 72 h of surgery defined by the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria. Secondary endpoints included PO-AKI severity and duration, use of renal replacement therapy (RRT), mortality, and ICU and hospital length of stay. Results: We studied 10,568 patients and 1945 (18.4%) developed PO-AKI (1236 (63.5%) KDIGO stage 1500 (25.7%) KDIGO stage 2209 (10.7%) KDIGO stage 3). In 33.8% PO-AKI was persistent, and 170/1945 (8.7%) of patients with PO-AKI received RRT in the ICU. Patients with PO-AKI had greater ICU (6.3% vs. 0.7%) and hospital (8.6% vs. 1.4%) mortality, and longer ICU (median 2 (Q1-Q3, 1-3) days vs. 3 (Q1-Q3, 1-6) days) and hospital length of stay (median 14 (Q1-Q3, 9-24) days vs. 10 (Q1-Q3, 7-17) days). Risk factors for PO-AKI included older age, comorbidities (hypertension, diabetes, chronic kidney disease), type, duration and urgency of surgery as well as intraoperative vasopressors, and aminoglycosides administration. Conclusion: In a comprehensive multinational study, approximately one in five patients develop PO-AKI after major surgery. Increasing severity of PO-AKI is associated with a progressive increase in adverse outcomes. Our findings indicate that PO-AKI represents a significant burden for health care worldwide