Teilzeitbeschäftigte und befristet Beschäftigte in Russland: Gewinner oder Verlierer?

This paper examines wage differentials between permanent/non-permanent and full-time/part-time employees. The analysis is based on the representative Household Survey of Welfare dataset, collected by Rosstat and the World Bank in 2003. The results show that non-permanent workers suffer a loss in wages while part-timers earn more per hour than full-timers, but the wage gap diminishes substantially when controlled for observed and non-observed characteristics. It seems that the theory of segmented labor markets is quite appropriate for explaining these differences in the Russian labor market

Divorce Trends in Seven Countries Over the Long Transition from State Socialism: 1981–2004

The collapse of communism was a defining geopolitical event of late-20th century Europe, with well-documented economic, social, and political implications. Yet there is a striking absence of research on how it influenced divorce. The objective of this study is to provide an exploratory analysis of trends in divorce over the long transition from communism—starting from the decline of the communist economy in the 1980s and ending with economic revival—in seven countries: Bulgaria, Estonia, Hungary, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, and Russia. We discuss how the transition could be expected to either increase or decrease divorce risks. We analyze retrospective micro-level data on first marriages from the Changing Life Course Regimes in Eastern Europe (CLiCR) dataset. Based on our event-history analyses, we find that divorce rates increased in each country at some stage during the long transition and these increases cannot be explained by compositional change of the marriages. However, no uniform pattern emerged in the timing and duration of the increase in divorce risk. This striking variation leads us to conclude that even the effect of major societal ruptures is contextually contingent

Підтримка прийняття рішень при побудові стратегії підвищення безпеки дорожнього руху та розвитку міської транспортної інфраструктури

The technology of decision-making support for the creation of a strategic plan for urban infrastructure development is proposed. The technology involves decomposing the main goal of road safety strategy based on the knowledge published in the field of statistics and the knowledge of road safety experts. Relative influences are determined both on the basis of existing objective knowledge and on the basis of assessments of expert teams. Constructed via application of the technology the model of subject domain is used to determine the strategic plan of urban transport infrastructure development measures that, in general, create the maximum effect on the achievement of the main goal, subject to the current financial constraints. The proposed model makes it possible to take into account the resources required and the minimum necessary for the implementation of a certain measure, to adjust when changing the priorities of the directions related to the achievement of goals and the list of the most important directions of development. This adaptation makes it possible to construct flexible and realistic strategic plans that can be modified according to external conditions and financial resources that are allocated to achieve the goal. The research includes useful tools for group expert's decomposition and for resource allocation of the decision-making support system. The application of the proposed decision-making support technology is illustrated by a practical example of building a strategic plan for urban infrastructure development, where the main goal of the strategy is «To improve the level of road safety in Ukraine and reduce the mortality rate due to road accidents by at least 30 percents». Tabl.: 2. Fig.: 4. Refs: 35 titles.Запропоновано технологію підтримки прийняття рішень для побудови стратегічного плану розвитку міської інфраструктури. Технологія передбачає декомпозицію головної цілі стратегії, яка пов’язана з підвищенням безпеки дорожнього руху та базується на знаннях у цій сфері, опублікованих як статистичні дані, та знаннях експертів — спеціаліс-тів з безпеки дорожнього руху. Побудована в результаті застосування технології модель предметної області використовується для визначення стратегічного плану заходів з розвитку міської транспортної інфраструктури, які загалом створюють максимальний ефект при досягненні головної цілі в умовах наявних на поточний час фінансових обмежень

Аналіз інструментарію підтримки прийняття рішень у контексті вирішення задач стратегічного планування

An overview of existing decision-making support software and systems for weakly structured subject domains, using expert information has been performed. Existing tools are analyzed and compared with each other from the standpoint of their mathematical ware and functionality, particularly in the area of strategic planning problem solution. It is outlined the key decision-making support tools development trends of the last few decades. On the one hand, the decision-making support system concept is often loosely used, and different kinds of statistical tools, and whole development environments are marketed as decision support software. On the other, many decision support tools are designed for specific problems and subject domains. In spite of complexity of decision problems, manufacturers of decision support software products should keep universality and flexibility requirements in mind. It has been shown that existing automated decision-making support tools are characterized by a set of functional drawbacks and limitations. None of the decision support systems listed in the article allows users to automate the whole strategic planning cycle (from strategic goal formulation to its decomposition into sub-goals and projects to optimal distribution of limited resources among these projects).Based on conducted analysis, a set of relevant requirements to modern decision-making support tools under present-day realities has been suggested. These include universality (irrespectively of the particular subject domain), expert-friendly scale-agnostic interface, opportunity for group expert session organization in remote mode, and others.Based on these requirements, it is obtained specific recommendations for decision-making support means selection in the process of strategic planning (i.e. which systems work better for specific strategic planning-related problems), and for further improvement of decision support tools. Tabl.: 1. Refs: 33 titles.Наведено огляд наявних програмних засобів і систем підтримки прийняття рішень у слабко структурованих предметних областях з використанням експертної інформації. Наявні засоби проаналізовано та порівняно між собою з позицій їхнього математичного забезпечення та функційних можливостей, зокрема, з вирішення задач стратегічного планування. Виявлено основні тенденції розвитку інструментарію підтримки прийняття рішень, що розроблявся протягом останніх кількох десятиліть. Показано, що наявні засоби автоматизованої підтримки прийняття рішень характеризуються низкою функційних недоліків та обмежень. На основі проведеного аналізу запропоновано актуальні вимоги до сучасного інструментарію підтримки прийняття рішень. Відповідно до цих вимог отримано предметні рекомендації щодо вибору засобів підтримки прийняття рішень у процесі стратегічного планування та подальшого удосконалення інструментарію підтримки прийняття рішень. 

Clinical heterogeneity and diagnostic delay of autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis- ectodermal dystrophy syndrome

Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED) is a rare autosomal recessive organ-specific autoimmune disorder that is characterized by a variable combination of (i) chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, (ii) polyendocrinopathy and/or hepatitis and (iii) dystrophy of the dental enamel and nails. We analyzed the AIRE (autoimmune regulator) gene in subjects who presented any symptom that has been associated with APECED, including candidiasis and autoimmune endocrinopathy. We observed that 83.3% of patients presented at least two of the three typical manifestations of APECED, while the remaining 16.7% of patients showed other signs of the disease. Analysis of the genetic diagnosis of these subjects revealed that a considerable delay occurs in the majority of patients between the appearance of symptoms and the diagnosis. Overall, the mean diagnostic delay in our patients was 10.2 years. These results suggest that molecular analysis of AIRE should be performed in patients with relapsing mucocutaneous candidiasis for early identification of APECED