Variabilität und Häufigkeitsverteilung der Morphen am ersten unteren Molar (M1) in einigen Populationen der Feldmaus Microtus arvalis (Pallas, 1779)

Variation and frequency of enamel pattern in the first lower molar (M1) in some populations of the Common Vole Microtus arvalis (Pallas, 1779). – The variation in enamel pattern (morphotyps) in the first lower molar (M1) of the Common Vole, Microtus arvalis (Pallas, 1779) is investigated in some populations of Saxony and Brandenburg (Germany). It is concluded, that the “normal” structure is very constant, but it is a difference in the number of variations. They are higher in complexity as in simplicity forms

Increased Elasticity Modulus of Polymeric Materials Is a Source of Surface Alterations in the Human Body

The introduction of alloplastic materials (meshes) in hernia surgery has improved patient outcome by a radical reduction of hernia recurrence rate, but discussion about the biocompatibility of these implanted materials continues since observations of surface alterations of polypropylene and other alloplastic materials were published. This study intends to investigate if additives supplemented to alloplastic mesh materials merge into the solution and become analyzable. Four polypropylene and one polyester alloplastic material were incubated in different media for three weeks: distilled water, saline solution, urea solution, formalin, and hydrogen peroxide. No swelling or other changes were observed. Infrared spectroscopy scanning of incubated alloplastic materials and NMR studies of extracted solutions were performed to investigate loss of plasticizers. The surface of the mesh materials did not show any alterations independent of the incubation medium. FT-IR spectra before and after incubation did not show any differences. NMR spectra showed leaching of different plasticizers (PEG, sterically hindered phenols, thioester), of which there was more for polypropylene less for polyester. This could be the reason for the loss of elasticity of the alloplastic materials with consecutive physically induced surface alterations. A mixture of chemical reactions (oxidative stress with additive leaching from polymer fiber) in connection with physical alterations (increased elasticity modulus by loss of plasticizers) seem to be a source of these PP and PE alterations