Analyses of mean and turbulent motion in the tropics with the use of unequally spaced data

Wind velocities from 25 km to 60 km over Ascension Island, Fort Sherman and Kwajalein for the period January 1970 to December 1971 are analyzed in order to achieve a better understanding of the mean flow, the eddy kinetic energy and the Eulerian time spectra of the eddy kinetic energy. Since the data are unequally spaced in time, techniques of one-dimensional covariance theory were utilized and an unequally spaced time series analysis was accomplished. The theoretical equations for two-dimensional analysis or wavenumber frequency analysis of unequally spaced data were developed. Analysis of the turbulent winds and the average seasonal variance and eddy kinetic energy of the turbulent winds indicated that maximum total variance and energy is associated with the east-west velocity component. This is particularly true for long period seasonal waves which dominate the total energy spectrum. Additionally, there is an energy shift for the east-west component into the longer period waves with altitude increasing from 30 km to 50 km

Characteristics of the motions, turbulence intensity, diffusivity, flux of momentum and sensible heat in the upper atmosphere

Analyses of the meteorological rocket data obtained from an experiment conducted at 3-hour intervals at 8 western meridional rocket stations are presented. Large variations in the meridional wind contribute substantially to overall turbulence in the tropical stratosphere. The solar semidiurnal component of wind oscillations in the tropics was observed to be much higher than predicted by theory, often exceeding the magnitude of the diurnal amplitude throughout the stratosphere. The observed value of the solar diurnal amplitude in the stratosphere was in line with theoretical prediction. The solar terdiurnal amplitudes for temperature, meridional and zonal winds were non-negligible and must be considered in any harmonic analysis. Phase angle variation with height was rapid for all harmonics; however, there was general agreement between predicted and observed phase angles. Because of large changes in the mean winds in the mesosphere with season, harmonic determinations are difficult. There appear to be large zonal wind changes even within the same season as mentioned previously. Turbulence diffusivity in the upper stratosphere is greater near the equator than in the mid-latitudes

A short-loop algorithm for quantum Monte Carlo simulations

We present an algorithmic framework for a variant of the quantum Monte Carlo operator-loop algorithm, where non-local cluster updates are constructed in a way that makes each individual loop smaller. The algorithm is designed to increase simulation efficiency in cases where conventional loops become very large, do not close altogether, or otherwise behave poorly. We demonstrate and characterize some aspects of the short-loop on a square lattice spin-1/2 XXZ model where, remarkably, a significant increase in simulation efficiency is observed in some parameter regimes. The simplicity of the model provides a prototype for the use of short-loops on more complicated quantum systems.Comment: 9 pages, 9 figures: new FSS discussion adde

Mass Spectra of N=2 Supersymmetric SU(n) Chern-Simons-Higgs Theories

An algebraic method is used to work out the mass spectra and symmetry breaking patterns of general vacuum states in N=2 supersymmetric SU(n) Chern-Simons-Higgs systems with the matter fields being in the adjoint representation. The approach provides with us a natural basis for fields, which will be useful for further studies in the self-dual solutions and quantum corrections. As the vacuum states satisfy the SU(2) algebra, it is not surprising to find that their spectra are closely related to that of angular momentum addition in quantum mechanics. The analysis can be easily generalized to other classical Lie groups.Comment: 17 pages, use revte

Optimal estimator for assessing landslide model efficiency

International audienceThe often-used success rate (SR) in measuring cell-based landslide model efficiency is based on the ratio of successfully predicted unstable cells over total actual landslide sites without considering the performance in predicting stable cells. We proposed a modified SR (MSR), in which we include the performance of stable cell prediction. The goal and virtue of MSR is to avoid over-prediction while upholding stable sensitivity throughout all simulated cases. Landslide susceptibility maps (a total of 3969 cases) with full range of performance (from worse to perfect) in stable and unstable cell predictions are created and used to probe how estimators respond to model results in calculating efficiency. The kappa method used for satellite image analysis is drawn for comparison. Results indicate that kappa is too stern for landslide modeling giving very low efficiency values in 90% simulated cases. The old SR tends to give high model efficiency under certain conditions yet with significant over-prediction. To examine the capability of MSR and the differences between SR and MSR as performance indicator, we applied the SHALSTAB model onto a mountainous watershed in Taiwan. Despite the fact the best model result deduced by SR projects 120 hits over 131 actual landslide sites, this high efficiency is only obtained when unstable cells cover an incredibly high percentage (75%) of the entire watershed. By contrast, the best simulation indicated by MSR projects 83 hits over 131 actual landslide sites while unstable cells only cover 16% of the studied watershed

Theory of non-Fermi liquid near a diagonal electronic nematic state on a square lattice

We study effects of Fermi surface fluctuations on a single-particle life time near the diagonal electronic nematic phase on a two-dimensional square lattice. It has been shown that there exists a quantum critical point (QCP) between the diagonal nematic and isotropic phases. We study the longitudinal fluctuations of the order parameter near the critical point, where the singular forward scattering leads to a non-Fermi liquid behavior over the whole Fermi surface except along the k_x- and k_y-directions. We will also discuss the temperature and chemical potential dependence of the single-particle decay rate.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, revtex

Optimal estimator for assessing landslide model performance

International audienceThe commonly used success rate (SR) in evaluating cell-based landslide model performance is based on the ratio of successfully predicted landslide sites over total actual landslide sites without considering the performance in predicting stable cells. We proposed a modified SR (MSR), in which the performance of stable cell prediction is included. The advantage of MSR is to avoid over- and under-prediction while upholding the stable sensitivity throughout all simulated cases. Stochastic analyses are conducted by using artificial landslide maps and simulations with a full range of performances (from worst to perfect) in both stable and unstable cell predictions. Stochastic analyses reveal mathematical responses of estimators to various model results in calculating performance. The Kappa method, which is commonly used for satellite image analysis, is improper for landslide modeling giving inconsistent performance when landslide coverage changes. To examine differences among SR and MSR in real model application, we applied the SHALSTAB model onto a mountainous watershed in Taiwan. Case study shows that stable and unstable cell predictions are inter-exclusive in SHALSTAB model. The optimal estimator should compromise landslide over- and under-prediction. According to our 4000 simulations, the best simulation generated by MSR projects 83 hits over 131 actual landslide sites while the unstable cells cover only 16% of the studied watershed. By contrast, despite the fact that the best simulation deduced from SR projects 120 hits over 131 actual landslide sites, this high performance is only obtained when unstable cells cover an incredibly high landslide cover (~75%) of the entire watershed exhibiting a significant landslide over-prediction

The Chern-Simons Coefficient in Supersymmetric Non-abelian Chern-Simons Higgs Theories

By taking into account the effect of the would be Chern-Simons term, we calculate the quantum correction to the Chern-Simons coefficient in supersymmetric Chern-Simons Higgs theories with matter fields in the fundamental representation of SU(n). Because of supersymmetry, the corrections in the symmetric and Higgs phases are identical. In particular, the correction is vanishing for N=3 supersymmetric Chern-Simons Higgs theories. The result should be quite general, and have important implication for the more interesting case when the Higgs is in the adjoint representation.Comment: more references and explanation about rgularization dpendence are included, 13 pages, 1 figure, latex with revte

Schwinger model on a half-line

We study the Schwinger model on a half-line in this paper. In particular, we investigate the behavior of the chiral condensate near the edge of the line. The effect of the chosen boundary condition is emphasized. The extension to the finite temperature case is straightforward in our approach.Comment: 4 pages, no figure. Final version to be published on Phys. Rev.