7 research outputs found
ARBUSCULAR AND ECTOMYCORRIZAL FUNGI IN EUCALYPT CULTIVATION AND GRASSLAND SANDY SOIL
O Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden forma associa\ue7\uf5es
simbi\uf3ticas com fungos micorr\uedzicos arbusculares e
ectomicorr\uedzicos. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a
popula\ue7\ue3o (direta e indireta) e a diversidade desses
microorganismos nessa esp\ue9cie florestal em \ue1reas sujeitas
\ue0 areniza\ue7\ue3o em S\ue3o Francisco de Assis, RS.
Amostras de solo e ra\uedzes de tr\ue9s \ue1rea - campo nativo,
cultivo de eucalipto 3 anos e cultivo de eucalipto 8 anos - foram
coletadas para identifica\ue7\ue3o de fungos micorr\uedzicos
arbusculares. Corpos de frutifica\ue7\ue3o de ectomicorrizas foram
coletados nas tr\ue9s \ue1reas. Os resultados mostram que a
identifica\ue7\ue3o indireta (cultura armadilha) com Brachiaria
brizantha (A. Rich.) Stapf foi eficiente na recupera\ue7\ue3o do
in\uf3culo de fungos micorr\uedzicos arbusculares no solo. Os
g\ue9neros de FMAs presentes nas \ue1reas avaliadas foram Glomus,
Gigaspora, Acaulospora e Scutellospora. As esp\ue9cies de fungos
ectomicorr\uedzicos que mais se destacam foram Pisolithus sp. Alb.
& Schewein; Scleroderma sp. (Persoon) Fries e Pisolithus
microcarpus (Cooke & Massee) Cumm. O fungo ectomicorr\uedzico que
apresentou a maior abund\ue2ncia relativa foi o Scleroderma sp. A
\ue1rea de campo nativo apresentou maior popula\ue7\ue3o e
diversidade de fungos micorrizicos arbusculares do que as \ue1reas de
eucalipto.The Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden forms symbiotic association
with arbuscular and ectomycorrhizal fungi. The porpoise of this work
was to evaluate the direct and the indirect population and the
diversity of these organisms in this kind forest of in some sandy areas
located in the S\ue3o Francisco de Assis - RS. Soil and roots samples
were collected from native field and Eucaliptus cultivation to identify
arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Sporocarps of ectomycorrhizal fungi were
also collected from these areas. The studied areas were characterized
as native field and eucalyptus forest with three and eight years old.
Results show that the indirect identification (trapping culture) with
Brachiaria brizantha (A. Rich.) Stapf is efficient in the recovery
endomycorrhizal inoculum fungi from the soil. The Glomus, Gigaspora,
Acaulospora and Scutellospora were the most important genus found. The
Acaulospora scrobiculata and Scutellospora heterogama were the
predominant species. The ectomycorrhizal fungi found were Pisolithus
sp. Alb. & Schewein; Scleroderma sp. (Persoon) Fries and Pisolithus
microcarpus (Cooke & Massee) Cumm. The relative abundance was
predominant with Scleroderma sp. The native field showed higher
arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi population and diversity in relation to
other eucaliptus areas
Substract and phosphour influence in seedling production of Acacia mearnsii De Wild level
A inocula\ue7\ue3o de fungos micorr\uedzicos arbusculares (FMAs)
\ue9 vi\ue1vel em mudas de esp\ue9cies florestais. O objetivo
deste trabalho foi avaliar o estabelecimento de duas esp\ue9cies de
FMAs na produ\ue7\ue3o de mudas de Acacia mearnsii em diferentes
substratos e doses de f\uf3sforo. O experimento constou de cinco
tratamentos, sendo dois tratamentos de inocula\ue7\ue3o de
esp\ue9cies de FMAs, ( Glomus clarum Nicolson & Schenck e
Glomus etunicatum Becker & Gerdemann) e tr\ueas tratamentos com
diferentes substratos (mecplani, turfa f\ue9rtil e Neossolo
Quartzar\ueanico); com cinco doses de f\uf3sforo (0, 50, 100, 500 e
1000 mg.kg-1), e dez repeti\ue7\uf5es. Alto n\uedvel de P no
substrato n\ue3o impediu coloniza\ue7\ue3o micorr\uedzica das
ra\uedzes. Os isolados G. clarum e G. etunicatum apresentaram alta
efici\ueancia na coloniza\ue7\ue3o das ra\uedzes da A.
mearnsii, e os substratos mecplani e turfa-f\ue9rtil foram os mais
eficientes na produ\ue7\ue3o das mudas.The inoculation of mycorrhizal arbuscular fungi (FMAs) is viable in
forest species. The aim of this study was to evaluate the establishment
of two species of FMAs, in Ac\ue1cia mearnsii production, considering
different substracts and phosphour levels. The experiment was carried
out with five treatments, with two species of FMAs ( Glomus clarum
Nicolson & Schenck and Glomus etunicatum Becker & Gerdemann),
and three kinds of substracts (Mecplani, Fertil Turfa and Neossolo
Quartzar\ueanico) with four phosphour levels, with 10 repetitions.
The high level of P in the substract did not influence the mycorrhizal
colonization in the roots. These mycorrhizal fungi showed high
efficiency in roots colonization of A. mearnsii. The Mecplani and
Fertil Turfa substracts were the most efficient ones in seedling
growing
Seedlings establishment of Eucalyptus grandis mycorrhizated with Pisolithus microcarpus (UFSC Pt 116) in sandy soil
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a sobreviv\ueancia e o
crescimento inicial de mudas de eucalipto micorrizadas com o fungo
ectomicorr\uedzico Pisolithus microcarpus (UFSC Pt 116), ap\uf3s
o transplante para uma \ue1rea sujeita \ue0 areniza\ue7\ue3o no
munic\uedpio de S\ue3o Francisco de Assis, RS. A \ue1rea foi
dividida em quatro blocos, cada qual com quatro tratamentos (turfa
f\ue9rtil com e sem fungo, Neossolo Quartzar\ueanico com e sem
fungo). Cada parcela foi composta por 16 mudas dispostas em quatro
linhas no espa\ue7amento de 1,5 m x 1,5 m, totalizando em cada bloco
64 mudas. Aos 90 dias ap\uf3s o plantio no campo, as mudas de
eucalipto produzidas no substrato turfa f\ue9rtil com fungo,
apresentaram uma taxa de sobreviv\ueancia de 100%, enquanto que as
produzidas em turfa f\ue9rtil sem fungo, a taxa de sobreviv\ueancia
foi de 92%. As mudas produzidas no Neossolo Quartzar\ueanico com e
sem fungo tiveram uma taxa de sobreviv\ueancia variando em torno de
98 e 89% respectivamente. As mudas produzidas com turfa e fungo
apresentaram diferen\ue7as significativas no crescimento em altura, e
di\ue2metro do caule. Conclui-se que mudas de Eucalyptus grandis
produzidas em substrato turfa f\ue9rtil e micorrizadas com o isolado
Pisolithus microcarpus (UFSC Pt 116), conseguem manter bom
estabelecimento e desenvolvimento no campo.The aim of this work was to evaluate the survival and the initial
growth of mycorrhizated eucalypts with Pisolithus microcarpus (UFSC
Pt 116) ectomycorrhizal fungus, after its transplant to area subject to
the arenization process in S\ue3o Francisco de Assis, RS. The area
was divided into four blocks, each one with four treatments (fertile
turf with and without mycorrhizae, Quartzarenic Neosoil with and
without mycorrhizae). Each parcel was composed of 16 seedlings arranged
in four lines in the spacing of 1,5 m x 1,5 m, totalizing in each block
64 seedlings. 90 days after the planting in the field, the eucaliptus
seedlings produced in turf with fungus in the fertile substratum
presented a survival rate of 100 %, whereas for those produced in
fertile turf without fingi, the survival rate was 92 %. The seedlings
produced in the Quartzarenic Neosoil with and without mycorrhizae had a
survival rate varying around 98 and 89 %, respectively. The produced
seedlings with turf and fungus showed significant differences in height
and stem diameter. This study showed that the Eucalyptus grandis
seedlings produced in substratum fertile turf and inoculated with the
Pisolithus microcarpus (UFSC Pt 116) isolated may maintain good
development and establishment in the field
Comunity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in cultivated soil with eucalypt, pinus and native field, in sandy soil, S\ue3o Francisco de Assis, RS
O objetivo do trabalho foi caracterizar a comunidade de esporos de
fungos micorr\uedzicos arbusculares (FMAs) em cinco \ue1reas
sujeitas ao processo de areniza\ue7\ue3o com cultivo de eucalipto (
Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden), pinus ( Pinus elliottii
Engelm. var. elliottii) e campo nativo, localizada no munic\uedpio de
S\ue3o Francisco de Assis, RS. A an\ue1lise da comunidade de
esporos de fungos micorr\uedzicos arbusculares foi mediante a
identifica\ue7\ue3o direta, indireta e da determina\ue7\ue3o do
\uedndice de diversidade. As \ue1reas analisadas foram de campo
nativo, bosque de eucalipto de 2 e 6 anos e de bosque de p\uednus de
2 e 12 anos de idade. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que os
g\ueaneros mais encontrados foram Acaulospora , Scutellospora e
Glomus . A maior diversidade de esp\ue9cies foi encontrada na
\ue1rea de campo nativo, seguido pela \ue1rea de eucalipto com 2
anos de idade. A an\ue1lise de agrupamento mostrou uma
semelhan\ue7a de, no m\uednimo, 70% para as esp\ue9cies de FMAs
identificados via esporos e 50% para as \ue1rea estudadas.The aim of this work was to evaluate the community of arbuscular
mycorrhizal fungi spores in five areas cultivated with eucalipt (
Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden), pinus ( Pinus elliottii
Engelm. var. elliottii) and native field, in arenization process,
located in S\ue3o Francisco de Assis-RS. The study of arbuscular
mycorrhizal fungi spore community was carried out by direct and
indirect identification and the diversity index determination. The
analyzed areas were native field, 2 and 6 years-old eucalypt field and
2 and 12 years-old pinus field. The obtained results showed that the
most frequent genera were Acaulospora , Scutellospora and Glomus .
The highest diversity of species was found in area of native field,
followed by 2 years-old Eucalyptus area. The Cluster analyses showed a
similarity of the minimum 70 % to the species of FMAs identified
through spores and 50 % to the areas being studied
Copper Accumulation and Availability in Sandy, Acid, Vineyard Soils
The use of copper (Cu)-based fungicides to control diseases in vineyards
can cause excessive Cu accumulation in soils. Greater Cu availability is
expected in acid sandy soils with low organic matter (OM), where the risk
of toxicity to plants and environment contamination is high. This study
aimed to study the evolution of Cu in acid, sandy soils planted with grapevines
for a period of time between 2 and 32 years. Two studies were carried
out in South Brazil: in the first study, soil samples, from 19 vineyards were
collected and analyzed in the first 0.2 m depth-layer for the total and
available Cu. In the second study, 3 soils were selected among the previous
19 according to the age of vineyard (5, 11, and 30 year-old), and their
0.60 m-depth profile was analyzed for 5 fractions of Cu (soluble, exchangeable,
mineral, organic, and residual). All the soils were classified as Ultisols.
The vineyards with more than 25 years under cultivation had a mean total
Cu concentration of 90 mg kg 121 in the 0\u20130.10 m layer. Approximately 80%
of it was potentially available to plants. The greatest total and available Cu
were found in the soil surface layers (0.2 m depth), where up to 75% of the
total Cu is adsorbed in clay minerals and only 20% is complexed in the OM
Reduced Cancer Incidence in Huntington's Disease: Analysis in the Registry Study
Background: People with Huntington's disease (HD) have been observed to have lower rates of cancers. Objective: To investigate the relationship between age of onset of HD, CAG repeat length, and cancer diagnosis. Methods: Data were obtained from the European Huntington's disease network REGISTRY study for 6540 subjects. Population cancer incidence was ascertained from the GLOBOCAN database to obtain standardised incidence ratios of cancers in the REGISTRY subjects. Results: 173/6528 HD REGISTRY subjects had had a cancer diagnosis. The age-standardised incidence rate of all cancers in the REGISTRY HD population was 0.26 (CI 0.22-0.30). Individual cancers showed a lower age-standardised incidence rate compared with the control population with prostate and colorectal cancers showing the lowest rates. There was no effect of CAG length on the likelihood of cancer, but a cancer diagnosis within the last year was associated with a greatly increased rate of HD onset (Hazard Ratio 18.94, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Cancer is less common than expected in the HD population, confirming previous reports. However, this does not appear to be related to CAG length in HTT. A recent diagnosis of cancer increases the risk of HD onset at any age, likely due to increased investigation following a cancer diagnosis