The Characteristic Clinical and Pathological Features of Incidental and Non-Incidental Papillary Microcarcinoma of the Thyroid

The incidence of papillary microcarcinoma (PMC) keeps raising due to fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsies and the pathologic evaluation of thyroid specimens of cases operated for benign thyroid disorders. The files of 78 patients who underwent surgery between January 2006 and May 2013 in our department and were diagnosed with PMC were analyzed, retrospectively.Cases were grouped as incidental and non-incidental depending on the preoperative diagnosis. The diameter of the nodules in the preoperativeultrasonographic examination, pathological parameters such as tumor size, bilaterality, multifocality,and capsular invasion were found significantly high in non-incidental group(P<0.05). No significant difference was detected between the two groups’ age, sex, and vascular invasion.Preoperative radiologic examination by experienced radiologists and FNA performed for suspicious nodules may increase the rate of early and correct diagnosis. In our opinion, determining the most useful criteria for malignancy will help to detect incidental PMC in cases followed up for multinodular goiter

Machine learning-based load distribution and balancing in heterogeneous database management systems

For dynamic and continuous data analysis, conventional OLTP systems are slow in performance. Today's cutting-edge high-performance computing hardware, such as GPUs, has been used as accelerators for data analysis tasks, which traditionally leverage CPUs on classical database management systems (DBMS). When CPUs and GPUs are used together, the architectural heterogeneity, that is, leveraging hardware with different performance characteristics jointly, creates complex problems that need careful treatment for performance optimization. Load distribution and balancing are crucial problems for DBMSs working on heterogeneous architectures. In this work, focusing on a hybrid, CPU-GPU database management system to process users' queries, we propose heuristical and machine-learning-based (ML-based) load distribution and balancing models. In more detail, we employ multiple linear regression (MLR), random forest (RF), and Adaboost (Ada) models to dynamically decide the processing unit for each incoming query based on the response time predictions on both CPU and GPU. The ML-based models outperformed the other algorithms, as well as the CPU and GPU-only running modes with up to 27%, 29%, and 40%, respectively, in overall performance (response time) while answering intense real-life working scenarios. Finally, we propose to use a hybrid load-balancing model that would be more efficient than the models we tested in this work

Effects of intraperitoneal administration of gemcitabine and paclitaxel on hepatic regeneration in rats

Background/aims: We aimed to test clinical implications of intra-peritoneally administered gemcitabine and paclitaxel on hepatic regeneration after hepatic resection in rats. Methods: Fifty male, Swiss albino rats weighing between 200 and 240 g were used. After a 30% partial hepatectomy was performed (except Sham group), animals were divided into five groups as: high-dose gemcitabine, low-dose gemcitabine, paclitaxel, control, and Sham operation groups. In the high-dose and low-dose gemcitabine groups, animals received 200 and 12.5 mg/kg intraperitoneal gemcitabine for five days after partial hepatectomy respectively. In the paclitaxel group, animals were administered 6mg/kg paclitaxel in the same fashion. Control and Sham groups received intraperitoneal 0.9% NaCl. On the sixth postoperative day, the animals were killed liver tissues were resected, proliferating cell nuclear antigen immunopositivity was determined and weight loss and diarrhea were assessed. Results: Gemcitabine and paclitaxel treated animals lost weight and had more severe diarrhea than control and Sham group animals, No significant difference was observed between treatment groups in terms of weight loss, diarrhea, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen. When treatment groups were compared to the control group in terms of proliferating cell nuclear antigen immunopositivity, no significant differences were detected. Conclusions: It can be concluded that adjuvant chemotherapy with gemcitabine and paclitaxel is a safe option in terms of liver regeneration and side effects such as diarrhea and weight loss

Primary Hydatid Cyst of the Axillary Region: A Case Report

Hydatid disease, which is caused by Echinococcus granulosus, is a common public health problem worldwide. The hydatid cysts may take many years to produce clinical symptoms. The liver is the organ most commonly affected. Diagnosis is made by a combination of clinical, imaging, serological and molecular techniques. Primary axillary hydatid disease is extremely rare and only 9 cases have been reported up to now. Herein, we reported a 48-year-old case with primary isolated hydatid disease in the axilla in whom total cystectomy was performed

Our Surgical Experience in Desmoid Tumors

BackgroundDesmoid tumour (DT) is a locally aggressive soft tissue tumour which is histologically characterized by fibroblastic proliferation in collagen matrix. They may originate from almost any location, mainly from limbs, abdominal wall and abdominal cavity, and occur more frequently in women of childbearing age.AimsRadical resection is generally considered as the most appropriate treatment for patients with desmoid tumours. Alternative methods of treatment are available for patients with unresectable. Methods Nine patients who had DT pathology between January 2008 and January 2013 in İzmir Katip &Ccedil;elebi University Atat&uuml;rk Training and Research Hospital, General Surgery Clinic were included in the study.Results The mean age of the nine patients (three males and six females) was 40.1. Two patients (one male and one female) had been diagnosed with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), accompanied by Gardner&rsquo;s syndrome (GS). Among the desmoid tumours, five (55.6 per cent) were intra-abdominally located, two (22.2 per cent) were located in the anterior abdominal wall, one (11.1 per cent) in limbs, and one (11.1 per cent) in breast.ConclusionSurgical resection in which a sufficient amount of surrounding healthy tissue is removed together with the tumour provides an effective treatment. We believe that, for those tumours which cannot be resected or incompletely resected, addition of Tamoxifen to the therapy will provide favourable results for regression

The factors that affect the mortality of emergency operated ASA 3 colon cancer patients

Introduction:&nbsp;colorectal cancers take third place among cancer-related deaths and 10-28% of these patients are admitted with the necessity of emergency surgical intervention. The main propose of this study was to investigate the factors affecting mortality in ASA 3 colorectal cancer patients who undergo emergency surgery. Methods:&nbsp;between 2010 and 2017 ASA 3 patients who underwent emergency colon cancer surgery were included in the study. All of the study group was evaluated within the first 30-day time-frame. The results were obtained by a statistical comparison of the data of patients with and without mortality. Results:&nbsp;one hundred and twenty eight patients included in the study. There was no statistical difference in the demographic data of the groups and the indications of the operation. The differences and durations of surgery also did not make any statistical difference. The complication rate was the same according to the Clavien-Dindo classification. Conclusion:&nbsp;despite the screening programs applied in colorectal cancers, applications to emergency services and procedures performed under emergency conditions are still at high levels. Surgical operations, which have to be performed in patients with impaired metabolic status, carry major risks for patients, but their outcomes are also satisfactory for them

Treatment of chronic anal fissure: Is open lateral internal sphincterotomy (LIS) a safe and adequate option?

Summary: Background: Anal fissure which is defined as a longitudinal tear in anoderm under the dentate line is one of the most common benign diseases of anorectal area, and due to the severe pain during the defecation and emotional stress that it causes may reduce people's quality of life. There are several treatment methods such as medical substances and surgical procedures. In this retrospective study, we aimed to evaluate the safe and adequate option of lateral internal sphincterotomy (LIS) in chronic anal fissure treatment. Methods: This study is a retrospective study in which 417 patients who were treated for chronic anal fissure were included. Results: Of 417 patients included in the study, 228 (54.7%) were female and the mean ± SD age was 36.1 ± 8.96 years (ranging from 17 to 73 years). Major complaints of patients; pain, bleeding, constipation, pruritus, perianal discharge.Recurrence occurred in 15 patients (3.6%) (12 males, three females) and eight patients (1.9%) developed incontinence (four with gas, four with soiling and seven females, one male). The complaints of all patients with gas incontinence and a patient with fluid incontinence regressed, whereas three patients had permanent fluid incontinence. Conclusion: LIS is still the gold standard for the treatment of chronic anal fissure when the physicians would like to avoid recurrence and obtain the best pain relief. Keywords: Chronic anal fissure, Incontinence, LIS, Recurrence, Satisfactio