Understanding the cultural landscape value of traditional agrarian landscapes of African Sahara Desert: The case of Timimoun, Algeria

In 1992, the World Heritage Convention became the first international legal instrument recognize cultural landscapes as a human heritage that must be protected.  The Cultural Landscape - Past, Present and Future considers different aspects of man's intervention with natural vegetation and the landscape resulting from a long equilibrium of co-existence. These landscapes are not stable, and the recent and ever accelerating changes in technology and life-style have increasingly affected many ancient landscapes, as old land-use practices are abandoned and traditions forgotten.(Birks et al., 1988) Human communities in desert areas formed a special landscape, providing these cultural landscapes within a special ecosystem of sustainable living conditions, which helped to create many social, economic, and cultural systems in addition to preserving biodiversity.  Unfortunately, the cultural landscape in the African desert is constantly deteriorating under the influence of urban, economic, and social changes. In the southern Algerian Timimoun city of is one of the most important global desert touristic destination due to the natural cultural landscape characterizes it, but unfortunately this landscape in continuous deterioration. Agricultural landscapes of desert environment, with its remarkable knowledge culture and world of practices, must be seen as a living library where this knowledge is transferred from generation to generation. It seems certain that we will need more of the know-how stored in this living library in the near future, especially considering the effects of climate change we are experiencing today. The paper aims to identification of cultural landscapes in the oasis and analyses transformation and change in cultural landscape and traditional green infrastructure elements by relying on a historical analysis of spatial images based on quantitative analysis using ArcGIS software with the aim of identifying the real reasons of this deterioration in the urban cultural landscape in desert cites we will propose an action strategy to prevent this degradation.    &nbsp

Coronary thrombus in 34-year-old female patient with 4G/4G polymorphism in the PAI-1 gene

AbstractGenetic factors and hypofibrinolytic state may contribute to the likelihood of developing in myocardial infarction (MI) in young women rather than traditional risk factors. High plasminogen-activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) level and PAI-1 gene polymorphism have been shown to be associated with thrombotic events such as myocardial infarction, deep venous thrombosis, and stroke. We determined 4G/4G polymorphism in a 34-year-old female patient with subacute anterior myocardial infarction and coronary thrombus in left anterior descending artery on coronary angiogram

Understanding the cultural landscape value of traditional agrarian landscapes of African Sahara Desert: The case of Timimoun, Algeria

In 1992, the World Heritage Convention became the first international legal instrument recognize cultural landscapes as a human heritage that must be protected.  The Cultural Landscape - Past, Present and Future considers different aspects of man's intervention with natural vegetation and the landscape resulting from a long equilibrium of co-existence. These landscapes are not stable, and the recent and ever accelerating changes in technology and life-style have increasingly affected many ancient landscapes, as old land-use practices are abandoned and traditions forgotten.(Birks et al., 1988) Human communities in desert areas formed a special landscape, providing these cultural landscapes within a special ecosystem of sustainable living conditions, which helped to create many social, economic, and cultural systems in addition to preserving biodiversity.  Unfortunately, the cultural landscape in the African desert is constantly deteriorating under the influence of urban, economic, and social changes. In the southern Algerian Timimoun city of is one of the most important global desert touristic destination due to the natural cultural landscape characterizes it, but unfortunately this landscape in continuous deterioration. Agricultural landscapes of desert environment, with its remarkable knowledge culture and world of practices, must be seen as a living library where this knowledge is transferred from generation to generation. It seems certain that we will need more of the know-how stored in this living library in the near future, especially considering the effects of climate change we are experiencing today. The paper aims to identification of cultural landscapes in the oasis and analyses transformation and change in cultural landscape and traditional green infrastructure elements by relying on a historical analysis of spatial images based on quantitative analysis using ArcGIS software with the aim of identifying the real reasons of this deterioration in the urban cultural landscape in desert cites we will propose an action strategy to prevent this degradation.    &nbsp

A Study on Determining the Factors Which Affect Consumers' Permission for Marketing Messages Sent by Companies

Abstract Developments which have been achieved in information and communications technologies thanks to globalization have enabled companies to reach consumers in a faste

Social appearance anxiety and oral health-related quality of life in middle-aged adults with implant therapy

Introduction: The success of implant therapy is strongly related to the perceptions and expectations of the patients. Aim: This study aimed to assess the level of social appearance anxiety and oral health-related quality of life in middle-aged adults with implant-supported fixed prostheses and compare with individuals who have tooth loss without any prosthetic rehabilitation or who have natural teeth. Materials and methods: The participants (n=292) were divided into three groups: group 1, individuals with implant-supported fixed dental prostheses; group 2, individuals with tooth loss; and group 3, individuals with totally natural teeth. A questionnaire form including basic questions, Social Appearance Anxiety Scale (SAAS), and Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) was distributed among patients. Results: Group 2 showed a significantly higher level of SAAS and OHIP-14 scores compared with groups 1 and 3 (p<0.001). The SAAS scores were similar between groups 1 and 3, with no significant differences. The median OHIP-14 score was the lowest in group 3. For all groups, education was related to SAAS and OHIP-14 scores (p=0.037 and 0.002, respectively). The SAAS and OHIP-14 scores were significantly and positively related (p<0.001, r=0.501). Conclusions: It was concluded that patients with tooth loss had higher levels of SAAS and OHIP-14 scores. Besides, the SAAS scores were similar for patients with implant-supported fixed prostheses and those with natural teeth. Middle-aged adults with higher educational levels tended to present better oral health-related quality of life and lower social appearance anxiety

Noncompaction cardiomyopathy and dextroversion of the heart

The prevalence of patients with noncompaction is reported to be 0.014% on echocardiographic examination. The estimated incidence of dextroversion (dextrocardia with isolated reversal of the heart with normally positioned visceral organs) is 1:2,800, while the real incidence of dextroversion and left ventricular noncompaction is still not known; to our knowledge only two cases have been reported in the literature. Noncompaction can generally be diagnosed using echocardiography; however, in the case reported here cardiac magnetic resonance imaging was important for the definitive diagnosis of dextroversion and noncompaction, because no adequate echocardiographic images could be obtained

Social appearance anxiety and oral health-related quality of life in middle-aged adults with implant therapy

Introduction: The success of implant therapy is strongly related to the perceptions and expectations of the patients. Aim: This study aimed to assess the level of social appearance anxiety and oral health-related quality of life in middle-aged adults with implant-supported fixed prostheses and compare with individuals who have tooth loss without any prosthetic rehabilitation or who have natural teeth. Materials and methods: The participants (n=292) were divided into three groups: group 1, individuals with implant-supported fixed dental prostheses; group 2, individuals with tooth loss; and group 3, individuals with totally natural teeth. A questionnaire form including basic questions, Social Appearance Anxiety Scale (SAAS), and Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) was distributed among patients. Results: Group 2 showed a significantly higher level of SAAS and OHIP-14 scores compared with groups 1 and 3 (p<0.001). The SAAS scores were similar between groups 1 and 3, with no significant differences. The median OHIP-14 score was the lowest in group 3. For all groups, education was related to SAAS and OHIP-14 scores (p=0.037 and 0.002, respectively). The SAAS and OHIP-14 scores were significantly and positively related (p<0.001, r=0.501). Conclusions: It was concluded that patients with tooth loss had higher levels of SAAS and OHIP-14 scores. Besides, the SAAS scores were similar for patients with implant-supported fixed prostheses and those with natural teeth. Middle-aged adults with higher educational levels tended to present better oral health-related quality of life and lower social appearance anxiety

Evaluation of antifungal efficacy of QMix 2in1 as a final irrigant: An in vitro study

Background: It is known that no specific antifungal agent exists at present for irrigation of infected root canals. QMix 2in1 was investigated to determine whether they could be an alternative for sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX), and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA).Objective: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate and compare the antifungal efficacy of QMix 2in1, 5.25% NaOCl, 2% CHX, and 17% EDTA as a final rinse against Candida albicans (C. albicans).Materials and Methods: Ninety single‑rooted mandibular premolar teeth were randomly divided into four experimental (n = 20) and two control (n = 5) groups. All root canals were instrumented with Mtwo rotary file system using crown‑down technique to an apical size 40. Following root canal preparation, teeth were inoculated with C. albicans and incubated for 72 h. Teeth were irrigated with one of the following solutions as a final irrigant: (1) 5.25% NaOCl, (2) 2% CHX, (3) QMix 2in1, and (4) 17% EDTA. Aliquots from the samples were plated on 4% Sabouraud Agar, and colony‑forming units were counted.Results: QMix 2in1, 5.25% NaOCl, and 2% CHX were equally effective (P &gt; 0.05) and significantly superior to 17% EDTA in eradicating C. albicans (P &lt; 0.05).Conclusion: QMix 2in1 proved to be effective against C. albicans when used as a final rinse. According to the findings of the present study, QMix 2in1 may be recommended as an alternative final rinse solution.Keywords: Antifungal, Candida albicans, endodontics, final irrigant, QMi

Glomerular filtration rate calculated by modification of diet in renal disease formula can be an indicator of impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes in coronary artery disease

Background: There is an increased risk for coronary artery disease (CAD) at modestly elevated levels of blood glucose which is still below the present threshold for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In the present study, we aimed to define impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and T2DM in patients with stable CAD and observe the relationship between clinical and laboratory findings. Materials and Methods: A total of 132 patients who had stable CAD and who had not been diagnosed as glucose intolerance or diabetes were enrolled. In one of the groups, there were patients with IGT or T2DM results and the other one consisted of patients with normal oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) results. The Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) was investigated in patients with fasting plasma glucose (FPG) <100 mg/dl. Results: The prevalance of IGT and T2DM was 30.3%. In IGT + T2DM group, waist/hip ratio and creatinin level were significantly higher and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was low. Only eGFR calculated by Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) formula was a reliable parameter. MDRD eGFR ≤70 ml/dk/m2 independently predicted IGT + T2DM diagnosis with 50% sensitivity but with 82% specificity. Although it is insufficient to use it as an optimal screening test because of lower sensitivity, it can be a reliable indicator of IGT + DM in patients who had eGFR ≤70. Insulin resistance was diagnosed in 29% of patients whose pretest values were FPG <100 mg/dl. Conclusion: MDRD eGFR can be an indicator for IGT + T2DM. OGTT irrespective of FPG level should be used to determine the presence of IGT + T2DM in stable CAD