Age-realted dementia in Kazahstan: adaptation of the 10/66 dementia research group population -based study protocol

Background. The prevalence of dementia is increasing worldwide as the population ages and affects 10 % of the population over 65 years old and 40 % of people over the age of 80.[1] In Kazakhstan, as well as in other countries around the world, the population of aged people has been increasing over the past decades. According to available statistics, by the end of 2013, the percentage of people aged 65 and older in Kazakhstan was 6.7% [2]. Given the fact that Kazakhstan's current population is about 17,221 million people [2], and based on data from the global statistics, it can be assumed that at least 115,000 elderly people could be suffering from age-related dementia. Nevertheless, such pathology is currently may not being diagnosed in Kazakhstan; consequently giving no accurate statistical data on the number of people suffering from this age-related pathology. Thus, the aim of this study is to estimate true prevalence of dementia and assess the risk factors associated with the disease

Age-realted dementia in Kazahstan: adaptation of the 10/66 dementia research group population -based study protocol

Background. The prevalence of dementia is increasing worldwide as the population ages and affects 10 % of the population over 65 years old and 40 % of people over the age of 80.[1] In Kazakhstan, as well as in other countries around the world, the population of aged people has been increasing over the past decades. According to available statistics, by the end of 2013, the percentage of people aged 65 and older in Kazakhstan was 6.7% [2]. Given the fact that Kazakhstan's current population is about 17,221 million people [2], and based on data from the global statistics, it can be assumed that at least 115,000 elderly people could be suffering from age-related dementia. Nevertheless, such pathology is currently may not being diagnosed in Kazakhstan; consequently giving no accurate statistical data on the number of people suffering from this age-related pathology. Thus, the aim of this study is to estimate true prevalence of dementia and assess the risk factors associated with the disease

Assesing the cytokine content of human platelet-rich plasma

Human platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is plasma that is enriched with thrombocytes at a concentration of 1000 * 109 per litre, higher than normal (150 - 350 * 109 per litre). Thrombocytes are known to contain growth factors including IGF, PDGF, EGF, FGF, TGF-li, PDEGF, VEGF or PDAF as well as thrombospondin and osteonectin. The release of these growth factors is induced by thrombocyte activation resulting from their exposure to a variety of substances such as thrombin, Calciom chloride or collagen. Growth factors are found in higher concentrations in PRP than in blood, and could be used to facilitate wound healing at a faster rate. Currently, PRP is employed in dentistry, dermatology, traumatology and orthopedics. In developed countries, PRP is also actively used in treating acute and chronic skin lesions. Though commercial devices for clinical preparation of autologous PRP are available, standardized PRP-preparation protocols are yet to be developed. Furthermore, only a handful of research work is aimed at optimizing methods of obtaining platelet-rich plasma. Therefore, two different modifications of the Araki et al method, the most standardized of all available methods, were used to prepare high cytokine-containing platelet-rich plasma

Adiponectin plasma levels in patients with age-related dementia

Adiponectin play a significant role in the regulation of type 2 diabetes, obesity, atherosclerosis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and neurodegenerative disorders. Evidence suggests that adiponectin may be an independent risk factor for all-cause dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the level of adiponectin in plasma reflects its level in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Studies demonstrated that elevated adiponectin level in blood was associated with an increased risk of dementia and AD in women and indicates that the sex dimorphism with regard to adiponectin levels association with Alzheimer's disease was clearly observe

Validation of Pipelle endometrial biopsy in patients with abnormal uterine bleeding in Kazakhstani healthcare setting

Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding is a common sign which cover various conditions e/o pathologies. Different approaches are used to evaluate this condition. The aim of this study was to investigate the validity of Pipelle biopsy for endometrial sampling in Kazakhstani women with abnormal uterine bleeding. For this reason, we carried out a prospective study of 120 patients who underwent endometrial sampling due to abnormal uterine bleeding in a tertiary hospital setting in Kazakhstan. Methods: Statistics included descriptive analysis to evaluate the frequency of various endometrial conditions. The validity of Pipelle biopsy sampling was calculated by estimating sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and positive and negative predictive values. For the Pipelle sampling validity assessment, we analyzed 120 samples, as 21 patients with insufficient samples were excluded. Results: Overall, concordance in histopathologic results was 92.93%. Pipelle sampling identified two cases of adenocarcinoma in our group. Moreover, endometrial hyperplasia was detected with 71.43% sensitivity, 98.82% specificity, PPV of 90.91% and NPV of 95.45%. However, the Pipelle reliability was low in cases of endometrial polyps. In conclusion, the Pipelle method was found to be valid for the diagnosis of endometrial hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma with high SN, SP, PPV and NPV. Conclusions: The Pipelle technique for evaluation of abnormal uterine bleeding in the Kazakhstani health care setting is a useful method with the highest efficacy in ruling out endometrial hyperplasia and diagnosing adenocarcinoma. If endometrial polyp was suspected under ultrasound scan in patients with abnormal uterine bleeding, physicians should consider other tools for endometrial sampling