Implementasi Kontrol Integritas E-kiosk untuk Pengamanan Sistem Pemungutan Suara secara Elektronik (E-VOTING)

Pemungutan suara dalam pemilu di Indonesia masih dilakukan secara manual, yaitu menggunakan media kertas. Dalam sistem tersebut, terjadi risiko kesalahan yang tinggi dalam penghitungan suara mengingat surat suara yang diproses terbilang banyak. Selain itu, rawan terjadi kecurangan terhadap jumlah suara demi memenangkan kelompok atau golongan tertentu. Akibatnya, pelaksanaan pemilu menjadi tidak sesuai dengan asas yang berlaku dan hasilnya tidak akurat. Untuk mengatasinya, dirancanglah sistem pemungutan suara yang lebih modern, yang disebut dengan sistem pemungutan suara secara elektronik (e-voting)

Polymer optical waveguide fabrication using laser ablation

Due to their inherent bandwidth capacity, optical interconnects are replacing copper as bottlenecks begin to appear within the various interconnect levels of electronics systems. Current optical interconnect solutions found in industry are based upon optical fibres and are capable of providing a suitable platform for inter-board applications. However, to allow high speed interconnects between components and within systems, optically enabled printed circuit boards containing waveguides are essential. One way in which this can be accomplished is through the integration of polymer optical waveguides into traditional printed circuit boards (PCBs). There are a number of routes to accomplish this including photolithography and laser direct imaging, however, this paper explores laser ablation using UV and IR sources namely: 248 nm Excimer, 355 nm UV Nd:YAG and 10.6 μm CO2, to form waveguide structures in optical polymer materials. The paper presents the process route and initial results of trials conducted to fabricate waveguides and indicate the variation in the structures formed by the different lasers. The demonstration of the use of these three lasers for optical waveguide fabrication may provide a route to the rapid deployment of this technology into the PCB industry through the use of existing infrastructure

Twitter als Wahlkampfmedium: Modellierung und Analyse politischer Social-Media-Nutzung

Die Veränderung der individuellen politischen Kommunikation ist ein wesentliches Element des Konzepts der Mediatisierung des Politischen. Immer mehr Politikerinnen und Politiker sowie Bürgerinnen und Bürger nutzen digitale Plattformen, um sich politisch auszutauschen und zu informieren. Dabei stellt sich die Frage, inwiefern Politiker/-innen selbst Austauschmöglichkeiten im Netz bieten und somit direkt Kommunikation fördern. Für die vorliegende Studie wurde die Nutzung des Microblogging-Dienstes Twitter durch Politiker/-innen während ausgewählter Landtagswahlkämpfe des Jahres 2011 auf partizipationsermöglichende Elemente hin untersucht. Diese Elemente wurden mithilfe des "Funktionalen Operatorenmodells" systematisiert und kategorisiert. Die Ergebnisse verdeutlichen nicht nur eine individuell ausgeprägte Nutzungsfrequenz der einzelnen Politiker/-innen, sondern auch unterschiedliche Stile der Twitternutzung, die sich als "persönlich-interaktiv" und "thematisch-informativ" klassifizieren lassen. In Hinblick auf deliberative Strukturen ist die Twitterkommunikation im Politiker-Bürger-Dialog hingegen noch ausbaufähig.The change of individual political communication is a crucial element in the debate about the mediatization of politics. More and more politicians as well as citizens make use of digital platforms to exchange their views on political issues and to inform themselves. This raises the question to what extent politicians offer options for digital interaction and thus encourage first-hand communication. This paper examines the use of the microblogging service Twitter by politicians during selected federal state election campaigns in Germany in 2011. The analysis focused on elements that facilitate participation and was conducted by using the "functional operator-model". Data analysis shows that politicians use twitter in either a "personal-interactive" or "topic-informative" style. Regarding deliberative structures of twitter communication, however, there is still much to gain - both on the part of the politicians and of the citizens

Structural and Chemical Characterizations of Thin Films on Surfaces

The characterization of thin films hinges critically upon the exploration of nanostructures and chemistry at interfaces governed by intricate interactions and chemical environments due to their reduced dimensions. This work presents a practice utilizing various techniques to conduct structural and chemical characterization of thin films. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) offers atomic-scale imaging to study the topography of localized structures, such as heterogeneity of the substrate, defects, and adsorption of molecules. While STM is a potent tool in its own right, chemical information that cannot be directly obtained from STM can be accessed through complementary techniques such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) or Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). On the other hand, Raman spectroscopy delves into the highly sensitive vibrational fingerprints of a broad range of materials, including two-dimensional (2D) materials synthesized via top-down approaches. In the first project, the self-assembly of an antiaromatic molecule on metal surfaces is investigated. STM and density functional theory (DFT) calculations prove different structures and self-assembled islands of N,N-diphenylquinodimethyl thioamide (Ph2QDM) formed on different substrates based on distinct molecule-substrate interactions. Importantly, desulfurization is observed on Ag(100) surfaces after depositing Ph2QDM, indicating silver-assisted carbon-sulfur double bond activation. The second project entails the design of an ultra-high vacuum (UHV) STM system, facilitating a comprehensive investigation of the nanostructure topography and chemical environment through the integration of multiple techniques. Finally, the third project involves the design of a micro-Raman system. Several experiments have been conducted with this system, showing the capabilities to investigate the chemical information of various samples. The cooperative application of various techniques allows for a comprehensive understanding of the structural and chemical information of thin films on surfaces can be obtained

Simulated power for additive model.

<p>The relative genotype risks are . <i>K</i> represents disease prevalence and <i>p</i> is the frequency of allele <i>a</i>. The abbreviations for the test statistics are the same as in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0106918#pone-0106918-t002" target="_blank">Table 2</a>.</p

Non-centrality value and the associated power (presented in parentheses) for models used in the simulation studies.

<p>The relative genotype risks are for recessive models; for dominant models; and for additive models.</p><p>Non-centrality value and the associated power (presented in parentheses) for models used in the simulation studies.</p

Simulated power under the same simulation scenarios of [7] over 1,000 replicates.

<p>In scenario I, only phenotype 1 is associated with the SNP. <i>rG</i> = 1 or −1 does not affect the simulation results. Only results with <i>rG</i> = 1 are shown.</p><p>Simulated power under the same simulation scenarios of <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0106918#pone.0106918-Galesloot1" target="_blank">[7]</a> over 1,000 replicates.</p

Simulated power for dominant model.

<p>The relative genotype risks are . <i>K</i> represents disease prevalence and <i>p</i> is the frequency of allele <i>a</i>. The abbreviations for the test statistics are the same as in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0106918#pone-0106918-t002" target="_blank">Table 2</a>.</p

Simulated power for recessive model.

<p>The relative genotype risks are . <i>K</i> represents disease prevalence and <i>p</i> is the frequency of allele <i>a</i>. The abbreviations for the test statistics are the same as in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0106918#pone-0106918-t002" target="_blank">Table 2</a>.</p

Simulated type I error rate in the case of a univariate phenotype under various generating models.

<p>The test statistics are: Trend — Cochran-Armitage trend test; Chi-Square — Pearson's chi-square test; LRT — the likelihood ratio test for the proportional odds model computed by using the polr function in the R package MASS; Score — the proposed score statistic computed by using the SNPass.test function in the R package iGasso.</p><p>Simulated type I error rate in the case of a univariate phenotype under various generating models.</p