Design of practical matching networks with lumped elements via modeling

It is a common practice to utilize commercially available software tools to design matching networks for wireless communication systems. Most of these tools require a properly selected matching network topology with good initial element values. Therefore, in this paper, a practical method is presented to generate matching networks with initial element values. In the implementation process of the proposed method first, the driving point immitance data for the matching network is obtained in a straight forward manner without optimization. Then, it is modeled as a realizable bounded-real input reflection coefficient which in turn yields the desired matching network with reasonable element values. Eventually, the initial design is improved by optimizing the performance of the matched system employing the commercially available computer-aided design (CAD) packages. An example is given to illustrate the utilization of the proposed method. It is shown that new method provides excellent results as a front-end when utilized together with CAD tools

Does zinc pretreatment have a protective effect on the injury severity of the newborn rats small intestine subjected to hypoxia-reoxygenation injury? Çinko tedavisi hipoksi reoksijenasyonun neden oldugu yenidoǧan rat incebarsak hasanna karşi koruyucu mudur?

Aim: It is tought that free radical damage following ischemia reperfusion injury is an important factor for the pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). It is demonstrated that metal aspartates reduce free radical damage in many tissues. Thus, in this study, we aimed to evaluate whether zinc pretreatment has a protective effect on injury severity the newborn rats small intestine subjected to experimental necrotizing enterocolitis. Method: A total of 30 newborn Sprague-Dawley rats (from seven different mothers) collected immediately after birth to prevent suckling of maternal milk were divided into three groups. The groups were labeled as group 1, control; group 2, hypoxia-reoxygenation; and group 3, zinc-hypoxia-reoxygenation group. The rats of group 3 were pretreated with "zinc bis DL hydrogen aspartate" (50 mg/kg) one hour before experiments via subcuticular injection then rat pups in group 2 and group 3 were stressed twice daily with asphyxia followed by cold (+4°C for 10 min) to induce hypoxic intestinal injury which is relevant to human necrotising enterocolitis. % 100 CO2, inhalation for ten minutes in a chamber followed 10 minutes of % 100 O2 inhalation was the asphyxia model repeated twice daily. After hypoxia-reoxygenation and cold stres, newborn rats were returned to their mother's cages. This protocol was repeated for the following two days and the rat pups were decapitated on the third day. The entire gastrointestinal tract was removed and examined macroscopically. A 3-cm section of distal ileum and 1 g liver tissues from each animal was taken for histopathological and biochemical examinations. Histologic changes in ileal architecture were scored and gradedjrom 1 to 5 and epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR) were evaluated immunohistochemically. The remaining intestinal tissues and liver tissues of the animals were used to measure the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitrit. Also, zinc levels were measured in all tissues by atomic absorbtion spectrophotometry. Results: Typical signs of hypoxia induced intestinal injury were observed in groups 2 and 3, macroscopically. Histopathological grading and immunohistochemical EGFR evaluation showed less damage in group 3 compared to group 2 (p<.05). In group 2, MDA and nitrit levels in all tissues were increased (p<.001) and zinc levels were decreased (p<.001) in comparison to group 3. Conclusion: Zinc pretreatment has a protective effect on hypoxia reoxygenation induced intestinal injury in newborn rats

Nail disorders in children, a clinical study

Introduction: Aims of the study to investigate the frequency and the nature ofnail disorders in children significant clinical data is available. Nail disorders although common in children in some parts of our country. This study was carried out to document the clinical and demographic pattern of nail disorders in a dermatology outpatient clinic of a pediatric hospital in Ankara, Turkey. Material and Methods: All consecutive patients a total of 3000 children from age 0-16 were admitted to dermatology outpatient clinic of Ankara Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Education and Research Hospital during January 2011 to December 2011 were studied and retrospectively evaluated for age, gender, drug use, diseases, systemic or genetic disorders and demographic features. Diagnostic evaluation results were noted and patients were categorized for demographic features and diagnosis. Results: These 133 patients (M: F 58:75, %44 vs 56, respectively) were under 16 years of age and have 17 different dermatological disorders related with nail symptoms. Fifty three of (39,8%) these patient were under 2 years of age, 31 (23.3%) were between 3-5 years, 30 (22.5%) were between 6-11 years old, 19 of 133 (14%), 2 were between 11-16 years of age. Through all of ages and independent of gender the most etiologies of nail disorders were, onychomadesis, paronychia, onycholysis, onychomycosis and systemic nail presentation of systemic dermatosis. Conclusion: Nail disorders are different in children than in adults. In our study, the first 5 years of age was found in 53% of nail disorders. Nail disorders are uncommon but may be seen as a part of a systemic disease and may be associated with cosmetic and psychologic problem

Plasma microRNA profiling of children with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy

Context: Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is the most common cardiomyopathy in children. MicroRNAs (miRNA) are small RNAs which have regulatory functions in many biological processes