On Contra gy-Continuous Functions

In this paper, we investigate further properties of the notion of contra gy-continuous functions which was introduced in [4]. We obtain some separation axioms of contra gy-continuous functions and discuss the relationships between contra gy-continuity and other related functions

A novel androgen receptor mutation resulting in complete androgen insensitivity syndrome and bilateral Leydig cell hyperplasia

Androgens drive male secondary sexual differentiation and maturation. Mutations in the androgen receptor (AR) gene cause a broad spectrum of abnormal phenotypes in humans, ranging from mild through partial to complete androgen insensitivity. We have analyzed the AR gene by using denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) and direct sequencing and have studied gonads histologically in a familial case of complete androgen insensitivity syndrome. Sequence analysis of the AR gene showed a novel C2578T missense mutation, resulting in the replacement of a highly conserved leucine residue with phenylalanine (L859F) in ligand-binding domain of the receptor. The residue L859, located in helix 10 of the androgen receptor, plays a significant role in overall architecture of ligand-binding pocket. The mutation was absent from the father, normal brother of the patients, and 100 normal males recruited in this study as controls. The inheritance of the mutation in the family clearly shows that C2578T is the underlying mutation for the eventual phenotype in the patients. Histology of patient's gonads showed Leydig cell hyperplasia, with a few or no spermatogonium. It is thought that AR gene mutations result in hormonal imbalance, resulting in the high levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and ultimately Leydig cell hyperplasia or tumor formation. In the present study, we have reported a rare familial case of Leydig cell hyperplasia despite consistently normal LH levels. The finding will help in giving counseling to this family and prevent the transmission of the mutated X chromosome to the coming generations

Analysis of harmonics using wavelet technique

This paper develops an approach based on wavelet technique for the estimation of harmonic presents in power system signals. The proposed technique divides the power system signals into different frequency sub-bands corresponding to the odd harmonic components of the signal. The algorithm helps to determine both the time and frequency information from the harmonic frequency bands. The comparative study will be done with the input and the results attained from the wavelet transform (WT) for different conditions and Simulation results are given

Ossicular pathology in chronic suppurative otitis media

In developing countries, chronic suppurative otitis media accounted for 60 to 80% of middle ear disease. Chronic suppurative otitis media is a disease affecting especially people with poor health, hygiene, and nutrition throughout the world. If improperly treated in childhood, chronic suppurative otitis media in children will often continue into adulthood. Up to one-third of the population in developing countries has their quality of life affected by CSOM and its precursors. In children in developing countries chronic suppurative otitis media is the most common cause of hearing impairment. Chronic suppurative otitis media of unsafe type, by its most common complication can produce hearing disability. The hearing defect usually occurs due to ossicular interruption, and not frequently by fixation. The challenge of hearing improvement depends on proper ossicular reconstruction and its long term stability. In the past very many type of biomaterials were used for ossicular reconstruction. The end result of biomaterials regarding stability of hearing is inferior to that of auto or homograft Ossiles. So there is immense demand for auto and homograft ossicle to have ossicular bank. In this prospective study the frequency of ossicular defects and histopathology were analysed. The long process of the incus is the most commonly eroded part of an ossicle in unsafe chronic suppurative otitis media, followed by handle and head of malleus. Bone absorption is the most frequent pathological change and is usually observed where the granulation, inflammatory or connective tissue with fibroblast is adjacent to the ossicle. The high incidence of bone changes seen in the ossicles in unsafe chronic suppurative otitis media suggests that their retention during mastoid surgery may not be as beneficial in producing the long term results

c.620C>T mutation in GATA4 is associated with congenital heart disease in South India

Background: Congenital Heart Diseases (CHDs) usually refer to abnormalities in the structure and/or function of the heart that arise before birth. GATA4 plays an important role in embryonic heart development, hence the aim of this study was to find the association of GATA4 mutations with CHD among the south Indian CHD patients. Method: GATA4 gene was sequenced in 100 CHD patients (ASD, VSD, TOF and SV) and 200 controls. Functional significance of the observed GATA4 mutations was analyzed using PolyPhen, SIFT, PMut, Plink, Haploview, ESE finder 3.0 and CONSITE. Results: We observed a total of 19 mutations, of which, one was in 5′ UTR, 10 in intronic regions, 3 in coding regions and 5 in 3′ UTR. Of the above mutations, one was associated with Atrial Septal Defect (ASD), two were found to be associated with Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) and three (rs804280, rs4841587 and rs4841588) were strongly associated with Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD). Interestingly, one promoter mutation (−490 to 100 bp) i.e., 620 C>T (rs61277615, p-value = 0.008514), one splice junction mutation (G>A rs73203482; p-value = 9.6e-3, OR = 6.508) and one intronic mutation rs4841587 (p-value = 4.6e-3, OR = 4.758) were the most significant findings of this study. In silico analysis also proves that some of the mutations reported above are pathogenic. Conclusion: The present study found that GATA4 genetic variations are associated with ASD, TOF and VSD in South Indian patients. In silico analysis provides further evidence that some of the observed mutations are pathogenic

Experimental Study on Strength Properties of Triple Blended Self-Compacting Concrete

Self-compacting concrete (SCC) is a flowing concrete mixture that can self-consolidate under its own weight, and it is one of the most significant advancements in concrete technology in the recent decade. SCC's very fluid character makes it ideal for use in challenging situations and in sections with crowded reinforcing. SCC, which was initially created in the late 1980s, has since expanded around the world, with an ever-growing variety of applications. Because of its unique features, SCC has the potential to significantly improve the quality of concrete buildings while also opening up new areas for concrete use. The addition of treated and untreated industrial byproducts, raw materials, and home wastes to SCC is becoming increasingly popular as a way to make it more durable and cost effective. This not only allows waste materials to be reused, but it also results in a eco-friendly environment. The Strength Characteristics of Self-Compacting Concrete were determined by an experimental investigation (SCC). The goal of this research is to see how Fly Ash (FA), Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS), and Silica Fume (SF) can be used as cement substitutes and what influence they have on the fresh and hardened qualities of concrete. The investigation involves the notion of using a triple blend of Fly ash, GGBS, and Silica Fume to produce better concrete. This triple blend takes use of the favorable properties of Pozzolanic materials

Phylogeography and origin of Indian domestic goats

The Indian subcontinent contains 20 well-characterized goat breeds, which vary in their genetic potential for the production of milk, meat, and fibre; disease resistance; heat tolerance; and fecundity. Indian goats make up 20% of the world's goat population, but there has been no extensive study of these economically important animals. Therefore, we have undertaken the present investigation of 363 goats belonging to 10 different breeds from different geographic regions of India using mtDNA sequence data from the HVRI region. We find evidence for population structure and novel lineages in Indian goats and cannot reconcile the genetic diversity found within the major lineage with domestication starting 10,000 years ago from a single mtDNA ancestor. Thus, we propose a more complex origin for domestic goats

GGN repeat length and GGN/CAG haplotype variations in the androgen receptor gene and prostrate cancer risk in south Indian men

The ethnic variation in the GGN and CAG microsatellites of the androgen receptor (AR) gene suggests their role in the substantial racial difference in prostate cancer risk. Hence, we performed a casecontrol study to assess whether GGN repeats independently or in combination with CAG repeats were associated with prostate cancer risk in South Indian men. The repeat lengths of the AR gene determined by Gene scan analysis, revealed that men with GGN repeats £21 had no significant risk compared to those with >21 repeats (OR 0.91 at 95% CI-0.52–1.58). However, when CAG repeats of our earlier study was combined with the GGN repeat data, the cases exhibited significantly higher frequency of the haplotypes CAG £19/GGN £21 (OR-5.2 at 95% CI-2.17– 12.48, P 21(OR-6.9 at 95%CI-2.85–17.01, P < 0.001) compared to the controls. No significant association was observed between GGN repeats and prostate-specific antigen levels and the age at diagnosis. Although a trend of short GGN repeats length in high-grade was observed, it was not significant (P = 0.09). Overall, our data reveals that specific GGN/CAG haplotypes (CAG £19/GGN £21 and CAG £19/GGN > 21) of AR gene increase the risk of prostate cancer and thus could serve as susceptibility marker for prostate cancer in South Indian men