CPCP violation in DD meson decays at Belle

$CP$ violation and branching fraction measurements in $D$ decays are interesting topics as any difference with respect to the Standard Model prediction would be an indication of new physics. With the large data sample collected by the Belle detector, which sits at the interaction point of KEKB asymmetric $e^{+} e^{-}$ collider in Japan, we present the results of searches for $CP$ violation in $D^{0}\rightarrow V\gamma~(V = \phi, \overline{K}^{*0}, \rho^{0})$ decay and the rare $D$ decay $D^{0}\rightarrow \gamma \gamma$.Comment: ICNFP 2016 proceeding

Design of thrust vectoring exhaust nozzles for real-time applications using neural networks

Thrust vectoring continues to be an important issue in military aircraft system designs. A recently developed concept of vectoring aircraft thrust makes use of flexible exhaust nozzles. Subtle modifications in the nozzle wall contours produce a non-uniform flow field containing a complex pattern of shock and expansion waves. The end result, due to the asymmetric velocity and pressure distributions, is vectored thrust. Specification of the nozzle contours required for a desired thrust vector angle (an inverse design problem) has been achieved with genetic algorithms. This approach is computationally intensive and prevents the nozzles from being designed in real-time, which is necessary for an operational aircraft system. An investigation was conducted into using genetic algorithms to train a neural network in an attempt to obtain, in real-time, two-dimensional nozzle contours. Results show that genetic algorithm trained neural networks provide a viable, real-time alternative for designing thrust vectoring nozzles contours. Thrust vector angles up to 20 deg were obtained within an average error of 0.0914 deg. The error surfaces encountered were highly degenerate and thus the robustness of genetic algorithms was well suited for minimizing global errors

Human origin recognition complex is essential for HP1 binding to chromatin and heterochromatin organization

The origin recognition complex (ORC) is a DNA replication initiator protein also known to be involved in diverse cellular functions including gene silencing, sister chromatid cohesion, telomere biology, heterochromatin localization, centromere and centrosome activity, and cytokinesis. We show that, in human cells, multiple ORC subunits associate with hetereochromatin protein 1 (HP1) alpha- and HP1beta-containing heterochromatic foci. Fluorescent bleaching studies indicate that multiple subcomplexes of ORC exist at heterochromatin, with Orc1 stably associating with heterochromatin in G1 phase, whereas other ORC subunits have transient interactions throughout the cell-division cycle. Both Orc1 and Orc3 directly bind to HP1alpha, and two domains of Orc3, a coiled-coil domain and a mod-interacting region domain, can independently bind to HP1alpha; however, both are essential for in vivo localization of Orc3 to heterochromatic foci. Direct binding of both Orc1 and Orc3 to HP1 suggests that, after the degradation of Orc1 at the G1/S boundary, Orc3 facilitates assembly of ORC/HP1 proteins to chromatin. Although depletion of Orc2 and Orc3 subunits by siRNA caused loss of HP1alpha association to heterochromatin, loss of Orc1 and Orc5 caused aberrant HP1alpha distribution only to pericentric heterochromatin-surrounding nucleoli. Depletion of HP1alpha from human cells also shows loss of Orc2 binding to heterochromatin, suggesting that ORC and HP1 proteins are mutually required for each other to bind to heterochromatin. Similar to HP1alpha-depleted cells, Orc2 and Orc3 siRNA-treated cells also show loss of compaction at satellite repeats, suggesting that ORC together with HP1 proteins may be involved in organizing higher-order chromatin structure and centromere function

Tissue- and development-specific induction and turnover of hsp70 transcripts from loci 87A and 87C after heat shock and during recovery in Drosophila melanogaster

The haploid genome of Drosophila melanogaster normally carries at least five nearly identical copies of heat-shock-inducible hsp70 genes, two copies at the 87A7 and three copies at the 87C1 chromosome sites. We used in situ hybridization of the cDNA, which hybridizes with transcripts of all five hsp70 genes, and of two 3' untranslated region (3'UTR; specific for the 87A7- and 87C1-type hsp70 transcripts) riboprobes to cellular RNA to examine whether all these copies were similarly induced by heat shock in different cell types of D. melanogaster. Our results revealed remarkable differences not only in the heat-shock-inducibility of the hsp70 genes at the 87A7 and 87C1 loci, but also in their post-transcriptional metabolism, such as the stability of the transcripts and of their 3'UTRs in different cell types in developing embryos and in larval and adult tissues. Our results also revealed the constitutive presence of the heat-shock-inducible form of Hsp70 in a subset of late spermatogonial cells from the second-instar larval stage onwards. We suggest that the multiple copies of the stress-inducible hsp70 genes do not exist in the genome of D. melanogaster only to produce large amounts of the Hsp70 rapidly and at short notice, but that they are specifically regulated in a developmental-stage-specific manner. It is likely that the cost/benefit ratio of not producing or of producing a defined amount of Hsp70 under stress conditions varies for different cell types and under different physiological conditions and, accordingly, specific regulatory mechanisms operating at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels have evolved

Developmental regulation and complex organization of the promoter of the non-coding hsrω gene of Drosophila melanogaster

The nucleus-limited large non-coding hsrω-n RNA product of the93D or the hsrω gene of Drosophila melanogaster binds to a variety of RNA-binding proteins involved in nuclear RNA processing. We examined the developmental and heat shock induced expression of this gene by in situ hybridization of nonradioactively labelled riboprobe to cellular transcripts in intact embryos, larval and adult somatic tissues of wild type and an enhancer-trap line carrying the hsrω05241 allele due to insertion of aP-LacZ-rosy + transposon at - 130 bp position of the hsrω promoter. We also examined LacZ expression in the enhancer-trap line and in two transgenic lines carrying different lengths of the hsrω promoter upstream of the LacZ reporter. The hsrΩ gene is expressed widely at all developmental stages; in later embryonic stages, its expression in the developing central nervous system was prominent. In spite of insertion of a big transposon in the promoter, expression of the hsrω05241 allele in the enhancer-trap line, as revealed byin situ hybridization to hsrω transcripts in cells, was similar to that of the wild type allele in all the embryonic, larval and adult somatic tissues examined. Expression of the LacZ gene in this enhancer-trap line was similar to that of the hsrω RNA in all diploid cell types in embryos and larvae but in the polytene cells, the LacZ gene did not express at all, neither during normal development nor after heat shock. Comparison of the expression patterns of hsrω gene and those of the LacZ reporter gene under its various promoter regions in the enhancer-trap and transgenic lines revealed a complex pattern of regulation, which seems to be essential for its dynamically varying expression in diverse cell types

A case report on incidental finding of thymoma as anterior mediastinal mass

Thymomas are rare tumors in the anterior mediastinum, representing 50% of anterior mediastinal masses and about 20-30% of all mediastinal tumors. They are of unknown etiology; about 50% of patients with thymomas are diagnosed incidentally with chest radiography. Thymoma is classified into different stages, which determine the prognosis and type of management, the standard primary treatment for these tumors is Thymectomy. We present a case of 55-year female presented with shortness of breath, cough with expectoration and fever for past ten days. Chest x-ray revealed mediastinal widening. CECT chest showed a well-circumscribed heterogeneous solid enhancing mass lesion. FNAC was planned that showed features in favour of thymoma. Biopsy was done that confirmed lymphocyte rich type B thymoma

Male sterility associated with overexpression of the noncoding hsrω gene in cyst cells of testis of Drosophila melanogaster

Of the several noncoding transcripts produced by the hsrΩ gene of Drosophila melanogaster, the nucleus-limited > 10-kb hsrΩ-n transcript colocalizes with heterogeneous nuclear RNA binding proteins (hnRNPs) to form fine nucleoplasmic omega speckles. Our earlier studies suggested that the noncoding hsrΩ-n transcripts dynamically regulate the distribution of hnRNPs in active (chromatin bound) and inactive (in omega speckles) compartments. Here we show that a P transposon insertion in this gene's promoter (at -130 bp) in the hsrΩ05241 enhancer-trap line had no effect on viability or phenotype of males or females, but the insertion-homozygous males were sterile. Testes of hsrΩ05241 homozygous flies contained nonmotile sperms while their seminal vesicles were empty. RNA:RNA in situ hybridization showed that the somatic cyst cells in testes of the mutant male flies contained significantly higher amounts of hsrΩ-n transcripts, and unlike the characteristic fine omega speckles in other cell types they displayed large clusters of omega speckles as typically seen after heat shock. Two of the hnRNPs, viz. HRB87F and Hrp57A, which are expressed in cyst cells, also formed large clusters in these cells in parallel with the hsrΩ-n transcripts. A complete excision of the P transposon insertion restored male fertility as well as the fine-speckled pattern of omega speckles in the cyst cells. The in situ distribution patterns of these two hnRNPs and several other RNA-binding proteins (Hrp40, Hrb57A, S5, Sxl, SRp55 and Rb97D) were not affected by hsrΩ mutation in any of the meiotic stages in adult testes. The present studies, however, revealed an unexpected presence (in wild-type as well as mutant) of the functional form of Sxl in primary spermatocytes and an unusual distribution of HRB87F along the retracting spindle during anaphasetelophase of the first meiotic division. It appears that the P transposon insertion in the promoter region causes a misregulated overexpression of hsrΩ in cyst cells, which in turn results in excessive sequestration of hnRNPs and formation of large clusters of omega speckles in these cell nuclei. The consequent limiting availability of hnRNPs is likely totrans-dominantly affect processing of other pre-mRNAs in cyst cells. We suggest that a compromise in the activity of cyst cells due to the aberrant hnRNP distribution is responsible for the failure of individualization of sperms in hsrΩ05241 mutant testes. These results further support a significant role of the noncoding hsrΩ-n transcripts in basic cellular activities, namely regulation of the availability of hnRNPs in active (chromatin bound) and inactive (in omega speckles) compartments

Comparative Study on Efficacy of Losartan Versus Telmisartan in Hypertensive Patients.

The present study was to compare the efficacy of Losartan potassium and Telmisartan, both are belongs to the above mentioned class of angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs). Of the above Losartan potassium is the prototype and Telmisartan is a newly introduced ARB. AIM: The aim of the present study was to compare the efficacy of Losartan potassium 50 mg Vs Telmisartan 40 mg in patients with hypertension. OBJECTIVE: PRIMARY: To compare the efficacy of Losartan potassium 50 mg Vs Telmisartan 40 mg To assess the mean change in Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) and Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) with Losartan potassium and Telmisartan in a treatment period of three months. SECONDARY: To assess the mean change in Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS) and Post Pradinal Blood Sugar (PPBS). CONCLUSION: In this present prospective observational study, treatment of hypertension with two study drugs losartan potassium 50 mg and telmisartan 40 mg were carried out in a population of 60 patients. They were instructed to follow a healthy diet with proper exercise. After 3 months study it is observed that, both of the study drugs have good impact on blood pressure lowering. But the Telmisartan 40 mg showed superior reduction in blood pressure when compare to Losartan potassium 50 mg. The second objective of the study ie; effect of study drugs Losartan potassium 50 mg and telmisartan 40 mg in blood sugar levels of population on diabetic therapy. The FBS and PPBS were the parameters observed for the study, there was reduction in FBS and PPBS values in both Group A Group B. And it is observed that the reduction is higher in Group B when compare with Group A. It can be suggested that the partial PPAR gamma agonist activity of Telmisartan accounts for the higher reduction in blood sugar levels