On the AA-spectrum for AA-bounded operator on von-Neumann algebra

Let $\mathfrak{M}$ be a von Neumann algebra and let $A$ be a nonzero positive element of $\mathfrak{M}$. By $\sigma_A(T)$ and $r_A(T)$ we denote the $A$-spectrum and the $A$-spectral radius of $T\in\mathfrak{M}^A$, respectively. In this paper, we show that $\sigma(PTP, P\mathfrak{M} P)\subseteq \sigma_A(T)$. Sufficient conditions for the equality $\sigma_A(T)=\sigma(PTP, P\mathfrak{M} P)$ to be true are presented. Also, we show that $\sigma_A(T)$ is finite for any $T\in\mathfrak{M}^A$ if and only if $A$ is in the socle of $\mathfrak{M}$. Next , we consider the relationship between elements $S$ and $T\in\mathfrak{M}^A$ that satisfy one of the following two conditions: (1) $\sigma_A(SX)=\sigma_A(TX)$ for all $X\in\mathfrak{M}^A$, (2) $r_A(SX)= r_A(TX)$ for all $X\in\mathfrak{M}^A$. Finally, a Gleason-Kahane-\.Zelazko's theorem for the $A$-spectrum is derived.% Finally, we introduce and study the notion of the $A$-approximate point spectrum for element of $X\in\mathfrak{M}^A$

Abilities of Raman spectroscopy to detect sulphates, nitrates and phosphates diluted in water

International audienceThe control of the quality of water is a growing need in our modern societies in order to insure the access of water in healthy conditions to an always rising number of people through the world. This leads to the obligation to detect all pollutants in flow water, rivers, basins, lakes… [1]. This challenge requires new and efficient techniques which are able to provide in situ and quick measurements. Nitrates, sulphates, and phosphates have to be specially purchased since they are very water soluble and lead to negative incidence in the environment. They arise generally from pesticides used in agriculture [2,3]. Techniques generally used for pesticide detection are chromatographic methods like gas chromatography high performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. They are relatively sensitive and reliable. However, they had limitations like complex procedure, time consuming sample treatments, and inability for on site detection. Here, we investigated the abilities of Raman probes to detect simultaneously the presence of several pollutants dissolved in water and to determine their concentration as well. Measurements have been done with a 532 nm exciting line using a spectrometer Kaiser RXN1. In Figure 1, one can see that an own signature can be detected by Raman probe for each kind of anion in different spectral ranges. As a consequence, the concentration of each salt in water can be deduced from an appropriate calibration

Raman study of cation effect on sulfate vibration modes in solid state and in aqueous solutions

International audienceRaman spectra of potassium, sodium, and ammonium sulfates (K2SO4, Na2SO4, and (NH4)2SO4) are reported and analyzed. These sulfates have been investigated under two states: solid (anhydrous and hydrated) salts and aqueous solutions. The effects of monovalent ions (K+ , Na+ , and NH4+) and hydration on the position of Raman lines assigned to internal vibrations of sulfate anion SO42- are discussed. In solid salts, the line position of each Raman peak is shown to decrease with increasing radius of the cation. The main ν1 mode of sulfate molecule is particularly affected. It is emphasized that this sensitivity in solid sulfates vanishes in aqueous solutions. As a consequence, this mode can be probed by Raman spectroscopy as the main signature of SO42- to determine its concentration within a single calibration

First Report of Alternaria dauci Causing Leaf Blight of Coriander (Coriandrum sativum) in Algeria

International audienceCoriander (Coriandrum sativum, family Apiaceae) is an important condiment plant in Algeria

Sorting by reversals, block interchanges, tandem duplications, and deletions

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Finding sequences of evolutionary operations that transform one genome into another is a classic problem in comparative genomics. While most of the genome rearrangement algorithms assume that there is exactly one copy of each gene in both genomes, this does not reflect the biological reality very well – most of the studied genomes contain duplicated gene content, which has to be removed before applying those algorithms. However, dealing with unequal gene content is a very challenging task, and only few algorithms allow operations like duplications and deletions. Almost all of these algorithms restrict these operations to have a fixed size.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In this paper, we present a heuristic algorithm to sort an ancestral genome (with unique gene content) into a genome of a descendant (with arbitrary gene content) by reversals, block interchanges, tandem duplications, and deletions, where tandem duplications and deletions are of arbitrary size.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Experimental results show that our algorithm finds sorting sequences that are close to an optimal sorting sequence when the ancestor and the descendant are closely related. The quality of the results decreases when the genomes get more diverged or the genome size increases. Nevertheless, the calculated distances give a good approximation of the true evolutionary distances.</p

Adolescent hope and optimism: A scoping review of measures and their psychometric properties

There is much research examining adolescent hope and optimism, but there is limited information on the available measures, particularly the most frequently used measures and their psychometric properties. We conducted a scoping review to: (1) identify measures of hope and optimism for use among adolescents; (2) determine the most frequently used measures of adolescent hope and optimism; (3) document the psychometric properties of the identified measures. We searched five bibliographic databases and Open Grey for relevant articles published from database inception to 03 May 2023. The search included the key terms ‘adolescents’, ‘optimism’, ‘hope’ and ‘measures’. We targeted adolescents aged 10–19 years without country or gender restrictions. We identified 86 measures of optimism and 64 measures of hope for use among adolescents from 803 eligible studies. Most of the included studies (n = 341, 42.5%) originated from North America. We identified 22 most frequently used measures used across 603 (75.1%) of the included studies, with 509 (84.4%) of them providing their psychometric properties. The reported validity of the tools included face, content, construct, criterion, convergent, discriminant, predictive validity and measurement invariance. There are several measures of adolescent hope and optimism. The most frequently used measures of these constructs demonstrated sound psychometric properties, especially reliability. However, most of the evidence originates from high-income countries. There is a need for development, cross-cultural adaptation and validation of these tools to other settings. Contribution: Hope and optimism are character strengths that have been consistently linked to positive health outcomes in adolescents. Based on increasing research on adolescent hope and optimism, there have been measures developed to assess these constructs but there is no study summarising the available measures, particularly regarding the most frequently used measures and their reliability and validity across contexts. This study aimed at filling this gap. Information on this will be useful to various stakeholders to make evidence-informed choice on selection of the most relevant instrument for use in adolescents in their contexts

Human Transgene-Free Amniotic-Fluid-Derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Autologous Cell Therapy

The establishment of a reliable prenatal source of autologous, transgene-free progenitor cells has enormous potential in the development of regenerative-medicine-based therapies for infants born with devastating birth defects. Here, we show that a largely CD117-negative population of human amniotic fluid mesenchymal stromal cells (AF-MSCs) obtained from fetuses with or without prenatally diagnosed anomalies are readily abundant and have limited baseline differentiation potential when compared with bone-marrow-derived MSCs and other somatic cell types. Nonetheless, the AF-MSCs could be easily reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) using nonintegrating Sendai viral vectors encoding for OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, and cMYC. The iPSCs were virtually indistinguishable from human embryonic stem cells in multiple assays and could be used to generate a relatively homogeneous population of neural progenitors, expressing PAX6, SOX2, SOX3, Musashi-1, and PSA-NCAM, for potential use in neurologic diseases. Further, these neural progenitors showed engraftment potential in vivo and were capable of differentiating into mature neurons and astrocytes in vitro. This study demonstrates the usefulness of AF-MSCs as an excellent source for the generation of human transgene-free iPSCs ideally suited for autologous perinatal regenerative medicine applications.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/140204/1/scd.2014.0110.pd