12,685 research outputs found
The complex Busemann-Petty problem on sections of convex bodies
The complex Busemann-Petty problem asks whether origin symmetric convex
bodies in \C^n with smaller central hyperplane sections necessarily have
smaller volume. We prove that the answer is affirmative if and
negative if Comment: 18 page
Magnetic domains in III-V magnetic semiconductors
Recent progress in theoretical understanding of magnetic anisotropy and
stiffness in III-V magnetic semiconductors is exploited for predictions of
magnetic domain characteristics and methods of their tuning. We evaluate the
width and the energy of domain walls as well as the period of stripe domains in
perpendicular films. The computed stripe width d = 1.1 um for
Ga_0.957Mn_0.043As/In_0.16Ga_0.84As compares favorably to the experimental
value 1.5 um, as determined by Shono et al. [Appl. Phys. Lett. 77, 1363
(2000)].Comment: 4 RevTex pages, 2 figures spelling of author's names corrected in
abstract pag
Non-perturbative gadget for topological quantum codes
Many-body entangled systems, in particular topologically ordered spin systems
proposed as resources for quantum information processing tasks, often involve
highly non-local interaction terms. While one may approximate such systems
through two-body interactions perturbatively, these approaches have a number of
drawbacks in practice. Here, we propose a scheme to simulate many-body spin
Hamiltonians with two-body Hamiltonians non-perturbatively. Unlike previous
approaches, our Hamiltonians are not only exactly solvable with exact ground
state degeneracy, but also support completely localized quasi-particle
excitations, which are ideal for quantum information processing tasks. Our
construction is limited to simulating the toric code and quantum double models,
but generalizations to other non-local spin Hamiltonians may be possible.Comment: 13 pages, 8 figures, PRL Accepte
Influence of spin waves on transport through a quantum-dot spin valve
We study the influence of spin waves on transport through a single-level
quantum dot weakly coupled to ferromagnetic electrodes with noncollinear
magnetizations. Side peaks appear in the differential conductance due to
emission and absorption of spin waves. We, furthermore, investigate the
nonequilibrium magnon distributions generated in the source and drain lead. In
addition, we show how magnon-assisted tunneling can generate a fullly
spin-polarized current without an applied transport voltage. We discuss the
influence of spin waves on the current noise. Finally, we show how the magnonic
contributions to the exchange field can be detected in the finite-frequency
Fano factor.Comment: published version, 15 pages, 10 figure
Acoustic Properties of Amorphous Solids at Very Low Temperatures: The Quest for Interacting Tunneling States
We discuss the strain dependence of the acoustic properties of amorphous
metals in both normal and superconducting states, in the temperature range 0.1
mK K. A crossover is found when the strain energy is of the
order of the effective interaction energy between tunneling systems at the
corresponding temperature. Our results provide clear evidence for the
interaction between tunneling systems, whose energy is in quantitative
agreement with theoretical expectations, and reveal that without the knowledge
of the corresponding strain dependences, the measured temperature dependences
below mK of the acoustic properties of disordered solids are rather
meaningless.Comment: 13 pages, 3 figure
Super-poissonian noise, negative differential conductance, and relaxation effects in transport through molecules, quantum dots and nanotubes
We consider charge transport through a nanoscopic object, e.g. single
molecules, short nanotubes, or quantum dots, that is weakly coupled to metallic
electrodes. We account for several levels of the molecule/quantum dot with
level-dependent coupling strengths, and allow for relaxation of the excited
states. The current-voltage characteristics as well as the current noise are
calculated within first-order perturbation expansion in the coupling strengths.
For the case of asymmetric coupling to the leads we predict
negative-differential-conductance accompanied with super-poissonian noise. Both
effects are destroyed by fast relaxation processes. The non-monotonic behavior
of the shot noise as a function of bias and relaxation rate reflects the
details of the electronic structure and level-dependent coupling strengths.Comment: 8 pages, 7 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. B, added reference
Nonmonotonic charge occupation in double dots
We study the occupation of two electrostatically-coupled single-level quantum
dots with spinless electrons as a function of gate voltage. While the total
occupation of the double-dot system varies monotonically with gate voltage, we
predict that the competition between tunneling and Coulomb interaction can give
rise to a nonmonotonic filling of the individual quantum dots. This
non-monotonicity is a signature of the correlated nature of the many-body
wavefunction in the reduced Hilbert space of the dots. We identify two
mechanisms for this nonmonotonic behavior, which are associated with changes in
the spectral weights and the positions, respectively, of the excitation spectra
of the individual quantum dots. An experimental setup to test these predictions
is proposed.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure
Probing the exchange field of a quantum-dot spin valve by a superconducting lead
Electrons in a quantum-dot spin valve, consisting of a single-level quantum
dot coupled to two ferromagnetic leads with magnetizations pointing in
arbitrary directions, experience an exchange field that is induced on the dot
by the interplay of Coulomb interaction and quantum fluctuations. We show that
a third, superconducting lead with large superconducting gap attached to the
dot probes this exchange field very sensitively. In particular, we find
striking signatures of the exchange field in the symmetric component of the
supercurrent with respect to the bias voltage applied between the ferromagnets
already for small values of the ferromagnets' spin polarization.Comment: published version, 10 pages, 7 figure
Collective Molecular Dynamics in Proteins and Membranes
The understanding of dynamics and functioning of biological membranes and in
particular of membrane embedded proteins is one of the most fundamental
problems and challenges in modern biology and biophysics. In particular the
impact of membrane composition and properties and of structure and dynamics of
the surrounding hydration water on protein function is an upcoming hot topic,
which can be addressed by modern experimental and computational techniques.
Correlated molecular motions might play a crucial role for the understanding
of, for instance, transport processes and elastic properties, and might be
relevant for protein function. Experimentally that involves determining
dispersion relations for the different molecular components, i.e., the length
scale dependent excitation frequencies and relaxation rates. Only very few
experimental techniques can access dynamical properties in biological materials
on the nanometer scale, and resolve dynamics of lipid molecules, hydration
water molecules and proteins and the interaction between them. In this context,
inelastic neutron scattering turned out to be a very powerful tool to study
dynamics and interactions in biomolecular materials up to relevant nanosecond
time scales and down to the nanometer length scale. We review and discuss
inelastic neutron scattering experiments to study membrane elasticity and
protein-protein interactions of membrane embedded proteins
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