Cost effectiveness analysis in the management of stroke in a tertiary care hospital

Background: Stroke has a high economic impact on the society especially in a developing country like India. In India health insurance doesn’t cover all people leading to out of pocket expenditure. The objective of the present study was to study the cost of illness and outcome of stroke in a tertiary care hospital.Methods: Direct medical and nonmedical costs were obtained after 28 days of follow-up. The outcome of the stroke was measured by modified Rankin scale (mRS).Results: The mean age of the patients was 65.38±13.98 years. Majority of the patients suffered from ischemic stroke and belonged to lower middle socioeconomic group. The mean cost of stroke was INR 39819. There was improvement in the mRS score after 28 days following treatment of acute stroke.Conclusions:Direct medical costs forms major component of cost of stroke. Early management and hospital discharge can reduce the economic burden of stroke.

INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERINGS IN INDIA – A STRUCTURAL REVIEW

This research offers a comprehensive analysis of the structural aspects of Initial Public Offerings (IPOs) in India, covering the period from the pre-liberalization era to the current time. The research paper examines the IPO landscape in India, a vibrant economy in Asia, by gathering a comprehensive dataset from various sources, including the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) archives, financial reports, and other pertinent sources. It analyzes the evolutionary patterns, regulatory changes, and significant events that have influenced the development of IPOs in the country. The primary findings indicate that regulatory changes, economic growth trajectories, and global financial conditions have significantly influenced initial public offerings (IPOs) volume and valuation. The research methodology involved meticulous data collection from reputable academic databases, primarily Mendeley and Scopus, spanning over five decades. This extensive dataset forms the foundation for our robust and insightful analysis. The study additionally emphasizes the significance of India's distinctive socio-economic structure, which has enabled and restricted the advancement of the capital market. By conducting a comparative analysis between India's framework and worldwide best practices, this study aims to identify areas of convergence and divergence. The paper finishes by providing policy proposals that enhance the resilience and inclusiveness of the Indian Initial Public Offering (IPO) market for a diverse range of issuers and investors. JEL: O10, O16  Article visualizations

IMPACT OF ECONOMIC VARIABLES ON IPOs IN INDIA - AN ANALYTICAL STUDY

This article aims to examine the hypothesis that local macroeconomic factors affect the volume of initial public offerings (IPOs) in a rising market, India, between 2015 and 2022. Initial public offerings (IPOs) are shown to have a positive correlation with industrial output and a negative correlation with interest rates. Using co-integration and Vector Error Correction models, we find a long-run equilibrium link between interest rates, industrial output, and initial public offerings (IPOs). Using a Markov regime-switching regression model, we also find that the effect of interest rates on IPO numbers is much more significant in the cold IPO regime than in the IPO hot regime. The empirical result seems to detect the IPO market's trend with a fair amount of accuracy. The findings demonstrate that a hot IPO market regime develops when investors start seeing extraordinarily high early returns, and their expectations about the future interest rate indicate the eagerness of entrepreneurs and managers to enter the IPO market. Conversely, a government's pursuit of monetary tightening causes investors to shy away from the IPO markets because they anticipate future profits will fall owing to rising interest rates and the price of shares will be harmed due to reduced dividend yield. JEL: O10, O16  Article visualizations

A23187-Channel behaviour: fluorescence study

Pyranine entrapped soylipid liposomes have been used as a model system to study the proton transport across membrane in the presence of A23187, a carboxylic ionophore specific for electroneutral exchange of divalent cations. An apparent rate constant (kapp) for transport of protons has been determined from the rate of change of fluorescence intensity of pyranine by stopped flow rapid kinetics in the presence of proton gradient The variation of kapp has been studied as a function of ionophore concentration and the results have been compared with gramicidin-a well known channel former under the similar experimental conditions. The rates thus obtained showed that A23187 is not only a simple carrier but also shows channel behaviour at high concentration of ionophore

A STUDY ON DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF RP-HPLC METHOD FOR THE ESTIMATION OF CEFPODOXIME IN BULK AND A PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORMS

A simple, rapid, precise, sensitive and, reproducible reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method has been developed for the quantitative analysis of Cefpodoxime in a pharmaceutical dosage form. Chromatographic separation of Cefpodoxime was achieved on Waters Alliance -2695, by using Luna Pheny Hexyl (250mm x 4.6mm, 5µm) column and the mobile phase containing 0.1% TEA adj pH-2.5 with OPA & ACN in the ratio of 75:25% v/v. The flow rate was 1.0 ml/min, detection was carried out by absorption at 222nm using a photodiode array detector at ambient temperature. The number of theoretical plates and tailing factor for Cefpodoxime were NLT 2000 and should not be more than 2 respectively. The linearity of the method was excellent over the concentration range 7-105 µg/ml for Cefpodoxime respectively. The correlation coefficient was 0.999. % Relative standard deviation of peak areas of all measurements always less than 2.0. The proposed method was validated according to ICH guidelines.  The method was found to be a simple, economical, suitable, precise, accurate & robust method for quantitative analysis of Cefpodoxime and study of its stability

Screening of phytoactives and antioxidant potentiality in Gymnema sylvestre

Gymnema sylvestre  is  wellknown as “gurmar” for its discrete function as sugar destroyer. It is an excellent herb in the Ayurvedic system of medicine. The herb exhibits a wide range of healing effects as an effectual natural remedy for diabetes, arthritis, asthma , anemia, cardiopathy, constipation diuretic, , hypercholesterolemia,  indigestion ,microbial infections, osteoporosis etc.Realising its importance, The current study was carried out to reveal the distinct phytoactive potentiality in Gymnema sylvestre. It suggested that the antioxidant activities of   Gymnema sylvestre can be used as a natural antioxidant and might be effective to diminish oxidative stress associated with different pathophysiological conditions. Keywords: Gymnema sylvestre , Phytochemicals, antioxidant activity

Doubly Fed Induction Generator Based Wind Energy Conversion Systems

Doubly Fed Induction Generator for Wind Energy Conversion Systems manages the operation of doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) with an incorporated dynamic channel abilities utilizing lattice side converter (GSC). The fundamental commitment of this work lies in the control of GSC for providing music notwithstanding its slip control exchange. The rotor-side converter (RSC) is utilized for achieving greatest power extraction and to supply required responsive energy to DFIG. Wind vitality transformation framework (WECS) fills in as a static compensator (STATCOM) for providing music notwithstanding when the wind turbine is in shutdown condition. Control calculations of both GSC and RSC are exhibited in detail. Executed venture DFIG-based WECS is reproduced utilizing MATLAB/Simulink . A model of the proposed DFIG based WECS is produced utilizing a fluffy rationale controller. The wind vitality is the favored for all renewable vitality sources. In the underlying days, wind turbines have been utilized as settled speed twist turbines with squirrel confine acceptance generator and capacitor banks. The majority of the wind turbines are settled speed in view of their effortlessness and minimal effort

Ondansetron versus palonosetron: a comparative study on efficacy and safety in prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting

Background: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a major complication in patients who undergo surgery under general anaesthesia. Various drug regimens and antiemetic interventions have been tried from time-to-time for prevention of PONV but with a variable success rate. This study compares the safety and efficacy of ondansetron and palonosetron in preventing PONV in such patients.Methods: A prospective study was conducted in 60 ASA grades - I and II patients of either sex, aged between 20 to 50 years, scheduled for elective surgery under general anaesthesia, 30 of who received 4 mg ondansetron and the remaining 30 received 0.05 mg palonosetron intravenously 5 minutes before induction of anaesthesia. Postoperatively they were observed for 24 hours for complete response, any episodes of nausea and vomiting, their severity, need for rescue antiemetic and side effects. After the study, results were compiled and the data was analysed using Student’s T test. P value 0.5). Complete antiemetic response was 60% in ondansetron group and 83% in palonosetron group. There was no significant statistical difference between both the groups in causing headache (p >0.5) and dizziness (p >0.05).Conclusions: Our study concludes that the antiemetic efficacy is comparable for both ondansetron and palonosetron in the given doses in preventing PONV and none is superior. Both the study drugs had almost the same adverse effect profile

Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Pathophysiology and Pharmacotherapy Approach

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep disorder characterized by complete cessation of upper airflow during sleep, leading to repetitive episodes of desaturations and arousals. The symptoms include excessive daytime somnolence and are associated with a significant cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The prevalence of OSA is higher in men with an approximate rate of 14 and 5% in women respectively. Typical risk factors for obstructive sleep apnea in the normal adult population are obesity, aging, gender, menopause, ethnicity, genetical predisposition, craniofacial anatomy, smoking, alcohol consumption and some other factors such as REM sleep, surface tension, and impaired sensory processing. Several screening questionnaires can be performed in outpatient settings to identify the patient symptoms. Polysomnography is considered as the gold standard for diagnosis of OSA. Different surgical treatments and devices are readily available for an effective management of this disease. Proper diagnosis and treatment improves not only the quality of life but also relatively decreases patient morbidity and mortality. A multifaceted approach is necessary for an accurate management of the OSA