Abordagem da história da ciência na construção de um terrário, numa perspetiva de educação para o desenvolvimento sustentável

Mestrado em Ensino de Biologia e Geologia no 3º Ciclo do Ensino Básico e no Ensino SecundárioEm Portugal, avanços têm-se feito notar no que toca à tecnologia, o que leva a que novas aptidões e competências sejam desenvolvidas pelos cidadãos de forma a adaptarem-se à Era da informação. Para tal, é necessário que os alunos saiam já bem preparados das escolas de modo a que as suas aprendizagens atendam a essas mudanças, pois o ensino também implica mudança, evolução e crescimento, não só por parte dos estudantes mas também dos professores, das escolas e de todos os órgãos associados. Desta forma, vários métodos poderão ser implementados nas salas de aulas e um deles é a abordagem à História da Ciência. O presente trabalho investigativo procurou conhecer quais as aprendizagens, comportamentos e atitudes que os alunos desenvolveram ao longo das aulas, dando a conhecer os contributos que a construção de um terrário, através da História da Ciência, pode levar à educação de cidadãos informados, numa perspetiva de Educação para o Desenvolvimento Sustentável. A abordagem foi aplicada a alunos do 8.º ano, na disciplina de Ciências Naturais, utilizando várias técnicas e instrumentos de recolha de dados, nomeadamente, a observação, a análise documental e questionário. O recurso à construção e utilização de um material didático-pedagógico e a abordagem à História da Ciência, permitiram cativar o interesse dos alunos e centraliza-los no processo de ensino e de aprendizagem, no qual o aluno tem o principal papel. Dessa forma, foi possível averiguar como se contextualizam as aprendizagens através da abordagem utilizada, recolher e descrever as perspetivas dos alunos e em desenvolver as aprendizagens, comportamentos e atitudes, numa perspetiva de Educação para o Desenvolvimento Sustentável.In Portugal, advances have been made when it comes to Technology, which leads to new skills and competences to be developed by citizens in order to adapt to the Information age. To this end, it is necessary that students need to be well prepared when they conclude their studies, so that their acquired knowledge could meet these changes, for the teaching also implies changes, evolution and growth, not only by students but also by teachers, schools and all the associated teaching groups. This way, various methods can be implemented in the classroom and one of them is the approach to the History of Science. This research work was aimed to know which learnings, behaviors and attitudes that students developed during the lessons, so that it could be possible to publish the contribution of the construction of a terrarium, based in the History of Science, leading to the education of informed citizens, in a perspective of an Education for Sustainable Development. The approach was applied to 8th grade students, in the discipline of Natural Sciences, using various techniques and data collection instruments, like observation, documental analysis and a questionnaire. Building and using didactic-pedagogic material and applying History of Science knowledge, allowed to captivate the students' interest and it helped centralizing them in the process of teaching and learning, in which the student has the main role. Thus, it was possible to find out how to contextualize the learning through the used approaches, to collect and describe the perspectives of the students and developing the learning subject, behaviors and attitudes on a perspective of Education for the Sustainable Development

Additional file 1 of Validation of the Meet-URO score in metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma patients receiving second or third-line tyrosine kinase inhibitors-immune checkpoint inhibitors combination therapy

Additional file 1: Table S1. Summary of application of Meet-URO score in mRCC patients receiving systemic therapies

Efficient Chloroquine Removal by Electro-Fenton with FeS₂‑Modified Cathode: Performance, Influencing Factors, Pathway Contributions, and Degradation Mechanisms

The application of chloroquine (CLQ) due to its antibacterial/antiviral nature and high potential of being persistent and bioaccumulative poses a significant environmental threat. In this study, the electro-Fenton (EF) process with pyrite (FeS2)-modified graphite felt (FeS2/GF) as the cathode (EF-FeS2/GF), capable of providing a stable acidic environment with a solution pH of 3.0 was constructed and found to (i) achieve 83.3 ± 0.4% 60 min CLQ removal and (ii) maintain about 60.0% CLQ removal during consecutive batch tests. FeS2 loading amount, current density applied, and spacing between electrodes all influenced the efficacy of EF-FeS2/GF, with the optimum CLQ removal obtained at 10 mg, 150 mA, and 2.0 cm, respectively. Adsorption and electrocatalysis were both observed to contribute to the CLQ removal while the EF process with the verified functioning of ·OH played a dominant role. Based on the detected intermediates with identified ecotoxicities, two main paths were postulated to describe the degradation processes which led to the mineralization of CLQ. These findings supported that the EF-FeS2/GF could be an efficient technology to treat wastewater contaminated with CLQ

Additional file 1: Table S1. of Gut microbiota dysbiosis contributes to the development of hypertension

Characteristics of the study cohort. A total of 196 participants consisted of 41 healthy controls, 56 subjects of pHTN, and 99 patients with HTN were enrolled. (DOC 42 kb

Additional file 7: Table S8. of Gut microbiota dysbiosis contributes to the development of hypertension

Detailed information for 1,120,526 gene markers. (XLSX 28022 kb

Additional file 3: Figure S1. of Gut microbiota dysbiosis contributes to the development of hypertension

The number of enterotypes in our cohort is most rational at 2. Based on the PAM clustering method, a total of 196 stool samples are clustered into different numbers of community types with CH index, which shows the performance in recovering cluster numbers. The maximum CH index at two clusters (enterotypes) indicates the optimal enterotype number. (PDF 183 kb

Additional file 9: Figure S6. of Gut microbiota dysbiosis contributes to the development of hypertension

The correlation between overrepresented CAGs and clinical indices of subjects including SBP, DBP, BMI, FBG, TC, TG and LDL. Spearman’s correlation analysis between CAGs and clinical factors is performed according to the relative abundance of CAGs and the data of clinical parameter. The color are scaled with the correlation coefficients, positive correlation is expressed in red, and negative correlation in blue.+, adjust P value <0.01; *, adjust P value <0.05. (PDF 826 kb

Additional file 4: Figure S2. of Gut microbiota dysbiosis contributes to the development of hypertension

The interaction network of genera in enterotype 1. (a) The main contributor in enterotype 1 is shown with yellow circle (Prevotella), genera shown by white circles link to it directly, and red ones indirectly. Edges between nodes in red denote Spearman’s correlation > 0.4, and correlation ≤0.4 is in blue. The width of edges is scaled by correlation index. (b) The twelve genera negatively correlated with Prevotella are all decreased in enterotype 1. Box plots are shown to compare the relative abundances of genera within the interaction network of enterotype 1. Ten out of twelve genera are significantly decreased in enterotype 1. Boxes represent the inter quartile ranges, lines inside the boxes denote medians, and circles are outliers. +, adjust P value <0.01; ns, not significant. Wilcoxon rank sum test. (PDF 547 kb

Additional file 6: Figure S4. of Gut microbiota dysbiosis contributes to the development of hypertension

The gut microbiome profile of HTN in the additional independent metagenomic analysis. (a) Bacterial α diversity (Shannon index) at the genus level is compared between control (n = 3) and HTN (n = 3) group. P value is from t test. (b) The genera abundance alteration in HTN patients is compared with the controls. Red represents more abundant, blue indicates less abundant. The genera marked with green points show a consistent trend in HTN compared with the results in stage 1 metagenomic analysis, while gray points represent the genera with inconsistent variation. (PDF 330 kb

Additional file 11: Table S17. of Gut microbiota dysbiosis contributes to the development of hypertension

Characteristics of the donors for microbiota transplantation. The donors for microbiota transplantation consist of two patients of HTN and one normotensive control. (DOC 32 kb