Estudio de los tamaños absolutos de bailarines profesionales de elite de ballet

Las diferencias o similitudes referidas a los tamaños absolutos de un grupo de bailarines de ballet frente a bailarines de danza moderna y folclórica son indicadores de variabilidad o de la homogeneidad corporal y de la expresión del volumen espacial que ocupa un grupo de danzantes. Este trabajo se propuso analizar las similitudes y las diferencias cineantropométricas de los tamaños absolutos entre los bailarines profesionales de elite de ballet respecto a los de danza moderna y folclórica. Se estudiaron antropométricamente bailarines de las compañías Ballet Nacional, Danza Nacional y Folclórico Nacional de Cuba. Siguiendo el criterio de selección de los maestros, en cuanto a figura y desempeño técnico artístico, se midieron los mejores bailarines de cada compañía, con edades entre 18 y 40 años. Para determinar los tamaños absolutos se aplicó un protocolo antropométrico de 16 mediciones. Se obtuvo una variabilidad de la estatura reducida en los bailarines de ballet de ambos sexos respecto a los de danza moderna y folclórica. La bailarina de ballet ocupó un espacio físico menor que la bailarina de danza moderna y folclórica, en tanto que los varones de danza folclórica ocuparon un volumen mayor en el espacio físico que los de ballet. Las diferencias cuantificadas entre los tres tipos de bailarines refieren una homogeneidad corporal mayor para los de ballet

Assessment of somatic maturation of Venezuelan adolescents

Introduction: beginning of adolescence comprises important physical modifications, which affects growth and changes in body composition, therefore it is important to consider maturation assessment. Objective: to develop a non-invasive method to assess maturity status in Venezuelan adolescents from peak height velocity (PHV) by means of anthropometric variables in a cross-sectional sample. Methods: data comprised 681 Venezuelan adolescents 9 up to 18 years of age. Mirwald equation was applied to derived PHV. Regression analysis was used in order to build a model for Venezuelan sample as well as, ROC curves to assess sensitivity and specificity of anthropometric variables. Results: the predictive equations for both sexes, exhibited a high determination coefficient ( 0.75, specially sitting height. Discussion and conclusion: in Venezuela, there is little work based on longitudinal studies of the maturation status. Giving the difficult faced in the longitudinal studies recent works have been used cross-sectional methodology in the assessment of the somatic maturation, both in non athletic and athletic populations. This study provides predicting equations for the assessment of the somatic maturation adjusted to Venezuelan population developed from Mirwald equation, which may be used to aid in evaluation of nutritional and general health, as well as, a reduction of risks associated with miss-classification for chronological age

Estudio antropométrico de la forma corporal de bailarines adolescentes de ballet

El desempeño técnico artístico de los bailarines exitosos está relacionado a tipos específicos de forma corporal. El objetivo de esta investigación es comparar la forma corporal de bailarines adolescentes de ballet en relación a ejecutantes de danza moderna y folclórica. Se estudiaron bailarines cubanos de la Escuela Nacional de Ballet y de la Escuela de Danza Moderna y Folclórica, con edades comprendidas entre los 15 y 18 años. Se aplicó un protocolo antropométrico de 10 mediciones para estimar el somatotipo antropométrico, utilizándose el método de Carter-Heath. El somatotipo promedio de las estudiantes de ballet fue Ectomórfico Balanceado (2.1-2.6-4.4) y el de las estudiantes de danza moderna y folclórica fue Somatotipo Central (2.5-3.2-3.5); en los varones de ambas especialidades se encontró un somatotipo promedio Meso-Ectomórfico. Las estudiantes de ballet se distribuyeron en siete categorías somatotípicas con las mayores tendencias de clasificación para los somatotipos Ecto-Mesomórfico (37.0%) y Ectomórfico Balanceado (37.0%). Los estudiantes de ballet cuantificaron una tendencia predominante para la categoría Meso-Ectomórfico (63.0%), en una dispersión de cuatro categorías clasificatorias. Se registraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en las distribuciones somatotípicas para las estudiantes femeninas y similitudes para los estudiantes varones de ballet y danza moderna y folclórica. Los estudiantes de ballet de ambos sexos registraron distribuciones clasificatorias amplias, idénticas para los varones, que no expresaron una homogeneidad mayor para la forma corporal respecto a los de danza moderna y folclórica. Las dispersiones en frecuencias somatotípicas para los estudiantes de ballet, fundamentalmente las bailarinas, no se corresponden con lo esperado para una población de bailarines de alto nivel técnico-artístico.To be successful in classical ballet performance, it seems dancers must conform to specific morphological standards. The purpose of this research is to compare the human shape of adolescent ballet dancers in relation to modern-folkloric dancers. Cuban dancers from the National Ballet School and the Modern-Folkloric Dance School, aged 15-18 years old, participated in this study. An anthropometric protocol of 10 measurements was applied in order to determine the anthropometric somatotype using the Carter-Heath procedure. The female media somatotype of ballet dancers was Balanced Ectomorfic (2.1-2.6-4.4) and the media somatotype of modern-folkloric dancers was Central (2.5-3.2-3.5); being Ecto-Mesomorfic for male dancers of both disciplines. Female ballet dancers were distributed into seven categories with their main classificatory trends for Meso-Ectomorfic (37.0%) and Balanced Ectomorfic (37.0%) somatotypes. Male ballet dancers showed a high trend for Ecto-Mesomorfic category (63.0%), being distributed into four categories. Statistical differences between female ballet and modern-folkloric dancers were obtained from the comparison of somatotypes distributions; while similitudes were found for male dancers of both disciplines. Male and female ballet dancers registered wide classificatory distributions, identical for males, who didn't show a higher homogeneity for human shape than modern-folkloric dancers. The spread of somatotypic frequencies of ballet dancers, mainly females, didn't correspond with what is expected for a population of dancers of high technical-artistic mastery.Asociación de Antropología Biológica de la República Argentin

Estudio antropométrico de la forma corporal de bailarines adolescentes de ballet

RESUMEN El desempeño técnico artístico de los bailarines exitosos está relacionado a tipos específicos de forma corporal. El objetivo de esta investigación es comparar la forma corporal de bailarines adolescentes de ballet en relación a ejecutantes de danza moderna y folclórica. Se estudiaron bailarines cubanos de la Escuela Nacional de Ballet y de la Escuela de Danza Moderna y Folclórica, con edades comprendidas entre los 15 y 18 años. Se aplicó un protocolo antropométrico de 10 mediciones para estimar el somatotipo antropométrico, utilizándose el método de Carter-Heath. El somatotipo promedio de las estudiantes de ballet fue Ectomórfico Balanceado (2.1-2.6-4.4) y el de las estudiantes de danza moderna y folclórica fue Somatotipo Central (2.5-3.2-3.5); en los varones de ambas especialidades se encontró un somatotipo promedio Meso-Ectomórfico. Las estudiantes de ballet se distribuyeron en siete categorías somatotípicas con las mayores tendencias de clasificación para los somatotipos Ecto-Mesomórfico (37.0%) y Ectomórfico Balanceado (37.0%). Los estudiantes de ballet cuantificaron una tendencia predominante para la categoría Meso-Ectomórfico (63.0%), en una dispersión de cuatro  categorías clasificatorias. Se registraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en las distribuciones somatotípicas para las estudiantes femeninas y similitudes para los estudiantes varones de ballet y danza moderna y folclórica. Los estudiantes de ballet de ambos sexos registraron distribuciones clasificatorias amplias, idénticas para los varones, que no expresaron una homogeneidad mayor para la forma corporal respecto a los de danza moderna y folclórica. Las dispersiones en frecuencias somatotípicas para los estudiantes de ballet, fundamentalmentelas bailarinas, no se corresponden con lo esperado para una población de bailarines de alto nivel técnico-artístico.     ABSTRACT To be successful in classical ballet performance, it seems dancers must conform to specific morphological standards. The purpose of this research is to compare the human shape of adolescent ballet dancers in relation to modern-folkloric dancers. Cuban dancers from the National Ballet School and the Modern-Folkloric Dance School, aged 15-18 years old, participated in this study. An anthropometric protocol of 10 measurements was applied in order to determine the anthropometric somatotype using the Carter-Heath procedure. The female media somatotype of ballet dancers was Balanced Ectomorfic (2.1-2.6-4.4) and the media somatotype of modern-folkloric dancers was Central (2.5-3.2-3.5); being Ecto-Mesomorfic for male dancers of both disciplines. Female ballet dancers were distributed into seven categories with their main classificatory trends for Meso-Ectomorfic (37.0%) and Balanced Ectomorfic (37.0%) somatotypes. Male ballet dancers showed a high trend for Ecto-Mesomorfic category (63.0%), being distributed Into four categories. Statistical differences between female ballet and modern-folkloric dancers were obtained from the comparison of somatotypes distributions; while similitudes were found for male dancers of both disciplines. Male and female ballet dancers registered wide classificatory distributions, identical for males, who didn’t show a higher homogeneity for human shape than modern-folkloric dancers. The spread of somatotypic frequencies of ballet dancers, mainly females, didn’t correspond with what is expected for a population of dancers of high technical-artistic mastery

Dimensiones corporales de estudiantes de nivel avanzado de ballet y danza

groups which appointed out the lesser corporal volume for ballet students. The groups of balletThe body size of students from ballet and modern-folkloric dance (MFD) indicate the spatial volume of dancer. The corporal volumetric level is very important to appreciate qualitatively the corporal scenic beauty of dancers. The purpose of this research is to compare the body sizes significant to assess the morphological linearity in ballet art between student groups of ballet and MFD. There were anthropometrically measured Cuban students –chronological ages between 15 and 19 years old– from the best ballet and MFD schools. To determine the body size was applied an anthropometric protocol of 15 measures. Both sexes of ballet students showed a higher stature than MFD ones. A majority of longitudinal sizes was significantly higher for both sexes of ballet students than for MFD ones. For both groups of male dancers were found similarities in the comparisons of transversal sizes. It was obtained significant differences in the upper extremity volumes and mid thigh girth between female groups which appointed out the lesser corporal volume for ballet students. The groups of balletdancers registered body sizes that defined quantitatively different kinds of morphological linearity in compare to MFD ones

Body mass composition of ballet dancers and elite female aesthetic sport athletes from Cuba.

The level of scenic beauty of ballet dancer’s figure is signified for the reason of possessing morpho-functional characteristics valid only within the artistic cannon. The female ballet dancers and the sportswomen who practice esthetic sports do have in common the need of being slim and executing efficiently the complex movements of their technical activities. The objective of this paper is to compare the body composition of ballet female dancers with that of the artistic gymnastics (GAR), the rhythmic gymnastics (GRI) and the synchronized swimming (NAS) elite sportswomen. Thirty two female ballet dancers of the National Cuban Ballet School and sixty three elite sportswomen who practice aesthetic sports in Cuba have been studied for the purpose. An anthropometric protocol of sixteen measures has been applied to calculate the kinanthropometric indexes of the corporal mass composition’s component. The general percentage of the fat mass (PMG) in the ballet dancers was found statistically different to the GAR and GRI groups, but this one was similar in comparison with NAS group. Mayor muscle mass general percentage (PMM) was obtained in the GAR and GRI groups, in comparison with the dancers. The ballet group showed the minor differential PMM-PMG, and muscular percentage of the transverse areas of the segments of extremities than the elite athlete groups. The data classified the ballet group as the one of less potential efficiency of technical and transitive movement than the other ones

Análisis cineantropométrico de la volumetría muscular de atletas elite de deportes olímpicos de combate

Los deportistas de boxeo (box), judo (jud), lucha libre (llib), lucha grecorromana (lgre) y taekwondo (twd) registran modelos biomecánicos de cuerpos específicos que les favorecen en la pelea. Éstos determinan las cantidades y la distribución espacial de las masas corporales que configuran el peso de la división competitiva. El propósito de la investigación es analizar el valor y la distribución de indicadores volumétricos de masa muscular de atletas elites de combate. Se estudió antropométricamente a deportistas cubanos de box (n = 60), jud (n = 60), llib (n = 51), lgre (n = 48) y twd (n = 28); edades cronológicas de entre 18 y 35 años. Los indicadores se calcularon por el método geométrico de cálculo de áreas totales y musculares (amt) de segmentos apendiculares y la ecuación para el perímetro muscular corregido del tórax (pmc-t) propuesta por Ross y Kerr (1991). Los grupos llib y lgre expresaron similitudes estadísticas para todos los indicadores de pmc-t. Las áreas musculares totales (amt) y pmc-t mostraron la volumetría menor de las extremidades y tórax en los equipos de box y twd respectivamente. El sentido de los indicadores cineantropométricos configuró dos agrupamientos de los deportes: twd-box y jud-llib-lgre. Los datos verificaron parcialmente la hipótesis, ya que las distribuciones de amt y pmc-t no registraron diferentes perfiles volumétricos del torso y extremidades entre los atletas de todas las especialidades

<b>Body mass composition of ballet dancers and elite female aesthetic sport athletes from Cuba.</b> DOI: 10.5007/1980-0037.2011v13n5p335

The level of scenic beauty of ballet dancer’s figure is signified for the reason of possessing morpho-functional characteristics valid only within the artistic cannon. The female ballet dancers and the sportswomen who practice esthetic sports do have in common the need of being slim and executing efficiently the complex movements of their technical activities. The objective of this paper is to compare the body composition of ballet female dancers with that of the artistic gymnastics (GAR), the rhythmic gymnastics (GRI) and the synchronized swimming (NAS) elite sportswomen. Thirty two female ballet dancers of the National Cuban Ballet School and sixty three elite sportswomen who practice aesthetic sports in Cuba have been studied for the purpose. An anthropometric protocol of sixteen measures has been applied to calculate the kinanthropometric indexes of the corporal mass composition’s component. The general percentage of the fat mass (PMG) in the ballet dancers was found statistically different to the GAR and GRI groups, but this one was similar in comparison with NAS group. Mayor muscle mass general percentage (PMM) was obtained in the GAR and GRI groups, in comparison with the dancers. The ballet group showed the minor differential PMM-PMG, and muscular percentage of the transverse areas of the segments of extremities than the elite athlete groups. The data classified the ballet group as the one of less potential efficiency of technical and transitive movement than the other ones

<b> Anthropometric evaluation of body composition in ballet dancers. A longitudinal study </b>

The body of the adolescent dancer is the result of morphological, physiological and behavioral adaptations due to specific physical training. For the ballet master, body weight is irrelevant to evaluating the technical and artistic performance and beauty of a figure. All ballet dancers must have bodies that conform to the canon of international ballet in order to be able to perform in public. The purpose of this study is to describe the changes in the body composition of dancers at the Cuban National School of Ballet between two points in their training process. This was a longitudinal study of 54 girls and 40 boys, aged between 15 and 20 years old. An anthropometric protocol of 6 measurements was employed in order to determine body composition using the Durnin and Rahaman method for females and the Parizková and Buzková method for males. The main results demonstrate signifi cant increases in both weight and height for age in both sexes, and it was observed that height growth velocity decreased with age. The female dancers exhibited stable body fat percentages for all ages while male dancers signifi cantly reduced this percentage from one year to the next. The female students exhibited higher mean percentage body fat values than the normal range established in Cuba for elite athletes from competitive artistic sports and professional dancers, while the male students exhibited body fat percentages that were similar to these specialized groups. Resumo El cuerpo humano del bailarín adolescente es resultado de las adaptaciones orfológicas-fi siológicas y conductuales de un entrenamiento físico particular. Para los maestros de ballet el peso corporal no es relevante en la evaluación técnica-artística y de belleza de la fi gura del danzante. Cada bailarín tiene que cumplir con los cánones internacionales de fi gura del ballet para presentarse en el escenario artístico. El objetivo de esta investigación es describir las variaciones de la composición corporal de los bailarines de la Escuela Nacional de Ballet de Cuba en dos momentos del proceso de entrenamiento. Se analizaron a través de un estudio longitudinal 54 bailarinas y 40 bailarines con edades entre 15 y 20 años. Se aplicó un protocolo antropométrico de 6 mediciones para estimar la composición corporal, empleándose las ecuaciones de Durnin y Rahaman, sexo femenino y Parizková y Buzková, sexo masculino. Los bailarines manifestaron incrementos signifi cativos de peso y estatura; la velocidad de crecimiento de la estatura disminuyó con la edad para los dos sexos. En las bailarinas de todos los grupos etarios no se encontraron diferencias signifi cativas en el porcentaje de la masa grasa de un año a otro, mientras todos los bailarines disminuyeron significativamente los valores porcentuales grasos en el mismo intervalo del estudio. Las féminas estudiantes presentaron valores promedios de porcentaje graso superiores al rango establecido en ejecutantes cubanos de deportes de arte competitivo y ballet profesional; los varones estudiantes registraron porcentajes grasos en rangos similares a los informados en esas poblaciones especializadas