La historia mundial y sus implicaciones en Colima

Las reformas económicas ejecutadas desde hace más de quince años en América Latina han modificado sustancialmente las historias de carácter local, regional y nacional, como resultado del comercio mundial, las transnacionales, la circulación de información, el movimiento de personas. Estos procesos traspasan fronteras y modifican el entorno y la historia de las entidades. El propósito del trabajo es presentar la manera en que México se ve afectado, en particular el estado de Colima, por su papel de mediación entre Asia Pacifico y Estados Unidos en el marco del nuevo orden mundial.México; Colima; Economía internacional; Globalización; Desarrollo regional; Regionalización

La historia mundial y sus implicaciones en Colima

International audienceLas reformas económicas ejecutadas desde hace más de quince años en América Latina han modificado sustancialmente las historias de carácter local, regional y nacional, como resultado del comercio mundial, las transnacionales, la circulación de información, el movimiento de personas. Estos procesos traspasan fronteras y modifican el entorno y la historia de las entidades. El propósito del trabajo es presentar la manera en que México se ve afectado, en particular el estado de Colima, por su papel de mediación entre Asia Pacifico y Estados Unidos en el marco del nuevo orden mundial

Impactos ambientales, geográficos y relacionados con el tiempo en las infecciones por malaria aviar en poblaciones nativas e introducidas de gorriones domésticos (Passer domesticus), una especie invasora a nivel mundial

Aim: The increasing spread of vector-borne diseases has resulted in severe health concerns for humans, domestic animals and wildlife, with changes in land use and the introduction of invasive species being among the main possible causes for this increase. We explored several ecological drivers potentially affecting the local prevalence and richness of avian malaria parasite lineages in native and introduced house sparrows (Passer domesticus) populations. Location: Global. Time period: 2002–2019. Major taxa studied: Avian Plasmodium parasites in house sparrows. Methods: We analysed data from 2,220 samples from 69 localities across all continents, except Antarctica. The influence of environment (urbanization index and human density), geography (altitude, latitude, hemisphere) and time (bird breeding season and years since introduction) were analysed using generalized additive mixed models (GAMMs) and random forests. Results: Overall, 670 sparrows (30.2%) were infected with 22 Plasmodium lineages. In native populations, parasite prevalence was positively related to urbanization index, with the highest prevalence values in areas with intermediate urbanization levels. Likewise, in introduced populations, prevalence was positively associated with urbanization index; however, higher infection occurred in areas with either extreme high or low levels of urbanization. In introduced populations, the number of parasite lineages increased with altitude and with the years elapsed since the establishment of sparrows in a new locality. Here, after a decline in the number of parasite lineages in the first 30 years, an increase from 40 years onwards was detected. Main conclusions: Urbanization was related to parasite prevalence in both native and introduced bird populations. In invaded areas, altitude and time since bird introduction were related to the number of Plasmodium lineages found to be infecting sparrows.Objetivo: La creciente propagación de enfermedades transmitidas por vectores ha generado graves problemas de salud para los seres humanos, los animales domésticos y la vida silvestre, y los cambios en el uso de la tierra y la introducción de especies invasoras se encuentran entre las principales causas posibles de este aumento. Exploramos varios impulsores ecológicos que podrían afectar la prevalencia local y la riqueza de linajes de parásitos de la malaria aviar en poblaciones nativas e introducidas de gorriones domésticos (Passer domesticus). Ubicación: Mundial. Período de tiempo: 2002–2019. Principales taxones estudiados: parásitos aviares Plasmodium en gorriones domésticos. Métodos: Analizamos datos de 2220 muestras de 69 localidades de todos los continentes, excepto la Antártida. La influencia del medio ambiente (índice de urbanización y densidad humana), la geografía (altitud, latitud, hemisferio) y el tiempo (temporada de reproducción de aves y años desde la introducción) se analizaron utilizando modelos mixtos aditivos generalizados (GAMM) y bosques aleatorios. Resultados: En general, 670 gorriones (30,2%) estaban infectados con 22 linajes de Plasmodium. En poblaciones nativas, la prevalencia del parásito se relacionó positivamente con el índice de urbanización, con los valores de prevalencia más altos en áreas con niveles de urbanización intermedios. Asimismo, en poblaciones introducidas, la prevalencia se asoció positivamente con el índice de urbanización; sin embargo, se produjo una mayor infección en áreas con niveles de urbanización extremadamente altos o bajos. En las poblaciones introducidas, el número de linajes de parásitos aumentó con la altitud y con los años transcurridos desde el establecimiento de los gorriones en una nueva localidad. Aquí, después de una disminución en el número de linajes de parásitos en los primeros 30 años, se detectó un aumento a partir de los 40 años. Conclusiones principales: La urbanización se relacionó con la prevalencia de parásitos en las poblaciones de aves nativas e introducidas. En las áreas invadidas, la altitud y el tiempo transcurrido desde la introducción de las aves se relacionaron con el número de linajes de Plasmodium que infectaron a los gorriones

Environmental, geographical and time-related impacts on avian malaria infections in native and introduced populations of house sparrows (Passer domesticus), a globally invasive species

AC K N OW L E D G M E N T S This study was funded by projects: IB20089 from the Consejería de Economía, Ciencia y Agenda Digital of the Junta de Extremadura and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional, P11-RNM-7038 from Junta de Andalucía, and PR(19_ECO_0070) from Ayudas Fundación BBVA a Equipos de Investigación Científica 2019. MF was supported by a Juan de la Cierva 2017 Formación contract (FJCI-2017-34394) from the Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie (grant agreement No 844285, ‘EpiEcoMod’) and she is currently funded by a Ramón y Cajal postdoctoral contract (RYC2021- 031613-I) from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN). JJP was supported by the Fundación Tatiana Pérez de Guzmán el Bueno. JMP was supported by ProyExcel_00049 financed by Proyectos I+D+i of Junta de Andalucía 2021. LGL was supported by Junta de Extremadura (IB20089, Post-Doc grant). JM was supported by a Juan de la Cierva - Formación contract (FJCI-2017-34109) from the Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, and he is currently supported by a postdoctoral researcher contract for scientific excellence under the Plan Propio de I+D+i of the Universidad de Castilla - La Mancha (UCLM), co-funded by the European Social Fund Plus (ESF+). LZG was supported by funds from the Hungary's National Research, Development and Innovation Office (K135841, RRF-2.3.1-21-2022- 00006). We also acknowledge the comments of four anonymous reviewers who improved the final version of this manuscript.DATA AVA I L A B I L I T Y S TAT E M E N T Data supporting the conclusions of this study are available in the supplementary material to this article. Any further details are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.Aim The increasing spread of vector-borne diseases has resulted in severe health concerns for humans, domestic animals and wildlife, with changes in land use and the introduction of invasive species being among the main possible causes for this increase. We explored several ecological drivers potentially affecting the local prevalence and richness of avian malaria parasite lineages in native and introduced house sparrows (Passer domesticus) populations. Location Global. Time period 2002–2019. Major taxa studied Avian Plasmodium parasites in house sparrows. Methods We analysed data from 2,220 samples from 69 localities across all continents, except Antarctica. The influence of environment (urbanization index and human density), geography (altitude, latitude, hemisphere) and time (bird breeding season and years since introduction) were analysed using generalized additive mixed models (GAMMs) and random forests. Results Overall, 670 sparrows (30.2%) were infected with 22 Plasmodium lineages. In native populations, parasite prevalence was positively related to urbanization index, with the highest prevalence values in areas with intermediate urbanization levels. Likewise, in introduced populations, prevalence was positively associated with urbanization index; however, higher infection occurred in areas with either extreme high or low levels of urbanization. In introduced populations, the number of parasite lineages increased with altitude and with the years elapsed since the establishment of sparrows in a new locality. Here, after a decline in the number of parasite lineages in the first 30 years, an increase from 40 years onwards was detected. Main conclusions Urbanization was related to parasite prevalence in both native and introduced bird populations. In invaded areas, altitude and time since bird introduction were related to the number of Plasmodium lineages found to be infecting sparrows.Consejería de Economía, Innovación, Ciencia y Empleo, Junta de Andalucía, Grant/Award Number: P11-RNM-7038Fundación BBVA, Grant/Award Number: PR(19_ECO_0070Junta de Extremadura, Grant/Award Number: IB20089 and PO17024Marie Sklodowska- Curie Actions, Grant/Award Number: 844285Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Grant/Award Number: FJCI-2017-34109 and FJCI-2017-34394Proyectos I+D+i of Junta de Andalucía 2021, Grant/Award Number: ProyExcel_00049Universidad de Castilla- La Manch

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data