Uveitis in Ankylosing Spondylitis

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Assessment of genetic diversity in Isabgol (Plantago ovata Forsk.) using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers for developing crop improvement strategies

Isabgol (Plantago ovata F., family: Plantaginaceae) is one of the most important medicinal plants of South Asia. Two DNA based molecular marker techniques, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR), were used to study the genetic diversity among genotypes of Isabgol. A total of 38 polymorphic primers (22 random and 16 ISSR) were used. Amplification of genomic DNA of 24 genotypes, using RAPD analysis, yielded 208 fragments, of which 98 (47.12%) were polymorphic. The 16 ISSR primers produced 124 bands across 24 genotypes, of which 24 (19.35%) were polymorphic. RAPD markers appeared more informative than ISSR in determining the genetic diversity. The similarity coefficient ranged from 0.77 to 0.97, 0.81 to 1.00 and 0.84 to 0.98 with RAPD, ISSR and combined dendrogram, respectively. This indicates very low level of genetic diversity among genotypes. A poor mantel correlation (r = 0.28) was found between both sets of genetic similarity data, suggesting that both sets of markers revealed unrelated estimates of genetic relationships. Therefore, the RAPD and ISSR markers show two genetic grouping of studied Isabgol genotypes. The genotypes RI-168, RI-167, RI-137, PB-62, RI-153, RI-148 and Gumary were spotted as genetically diverse in both sets of markers and could be efficiently utilized in crop improvement programmes.Keywords: Plantago ovata, molecular marker, RAPD, ISSR, genetic diversity, medicinal plantAfrican Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 12(23), pp. 3622-363

Identification of Lactobacillus pobuzihii from tungtap: A traditionally fermented fish food, and analysis of its bacteriocinogenic potential

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were selectively isolated from tungtap, a traditionally fermented fish food product. Five such bacteria with bacteriocinogenic potential were characterized by polyphasic taxonomic approach. The phylogenetic analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed their relatedness to Lactobacillus pobuzihii (≥99.4% similarity), while biochemical and physiological characteristics revealed significant differences among the isolates. Bacteriocinogenic activity assay against selected bacterial strains: Salmonella typhi MTCC 733, Bacillus cereus MTCC 430, Klebsiella pneumoniae MTCC 109, Escherichia coli MTCC 118 and Bacillus licheniformis MTCC 429 were performed with crude extracts using ethyl acetate as solvent, as well as by solvent and cell free supernatants. The growth inhibition zones were measured after incubation and compared with antibiotics like ampicillin, gentamicin, vancomycin, chloramphenicol and tetracycline. The culture extract of L. pobuzihii showed significant bacteriocinogenic activity against the tested strains.Key words: Fermented, tungtap, Lactobacillus pobuzihii, crude extracts, bacteriocinogenic activity

A RARE CASE SCENARIO- ASSOCIATION OF POSTEROLATERAL OSTEOCHONDRAL INJURY WITH PCL AVULSION, ACL TEAR AND LATERAL MENISCUS INJURY

Association of posterolateral osteochondral (OCD) injury with multi- ligamentous knee injury (MLKI) can be a devastating injury which often results in long-term knee instability, loss of function and early osteoarthritis. For such patients, paucity of literature persists on management of such injury for better outcome. This case critically demonstrates an attempt to manage the patient with such rare scenario with the best options for early recovery

A nationally representative study on socio-demographic and geographic correlates, and trends in tobacco use in Nepal

© 2019, The Author(s). Tobacco control still poses an immense challenge for the government of Nepal. Updated knowledge on the current pattern of tobacco use and its associated factors will be helpful for policy makers to curb the tobacco epidemic. This study fills this gap by, (i) exploring demographic, socio-economic and geographic correlates of current tobacco use using a nationally representative sample of 15–49-year adults from Nepal Demographic Health survey 2016, and (ii) examining the prevalence and trends of both smoking and non-smoking forms of tobacco use in a nationally representative sample of 15–49-year adults drawn from three consecutive Demographic Health Surveys (DHS) between 2006 and 2016.Among males, the prevalence of smokeless tobacco use was higher than that of smoking (40.1% and 27.4% respectively), whereas among females smoking was more common than smokeless tobacco use (prevalence of 5.5% and 3.8% respectively). Both smoking and smokeless tobacco use were associated with older age and lower level of education. Among males, those living in urban areas were more likely to consume any form of tobacco. Residents of terai/plains were more likely to use smokeless tobacco. The concentration curves on cumulative proportion of tobacco use ranked by wealth quintiles showed tobacco use to be highest among the lowest socio-economic groups in both males and females in all three survey years. We found a decreasing trend of tobacco smoking and an increasing trend of smokeless tobacco use over the 10-year period. However, the consumption of both forms of tobacco increased in young males during the same period. Proper monitoring of adherence to directives of the anti-tobacco law should be ensured to curb the increasing burden of tobacco use among young males, and a similar effort is needed to sustain the decline in tobacco uses among other population groups in Nepal

Rhizobium radiobacter Endophthalmitis following Intravitreal Ranibizumab Injection.

We present the first reported case of acute endophthalmitis due to Rhizobium radiobacter after an intravitreal injection of ranibizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration

Long Head of Biceps (LHB) as a protector of Rotator cuff repair- A New Technique . Case report and Review of literature

Arthroscopic repair of massive rotator cuff tear remains a difficult task in Orthopaedic practice. Chronic cases have retraction of the rotator cuff tendons, which makes a tension-free repair a difficult task to achieve. In addition, poor muscle tissue quality due to fatty infiltration of the muscles increases the chances of failure. Superior migration of the head of humerus due to superior capsular deficiency in chronic cases would put the repaired cuff under tension postoperatively and increase the chances of failure. Therefore, superior migration of the head should be prevented to maintain the anteroposterior force couples and stability of the shoulder joint. Many procedures have been described for massive rotator cuff tears in younger age group and/or in the absence of arthritis including debridement, partial/ complete repairs, tendon transfers, balloon spacers and superior capsular reconstruction. The present article describes a new technique where we used the long head of the biceps as a superior checkrein in addition to the repair of rotator cuff tendons. In our technique, the intraarticular attachment of the long head of the biceps at the supraglenoid tubercle is left intact. The biceps tendon is then fixed to the supraspinatus footprint behind the bicipital groove. A biceps tenotomy is then performed 1 cm lateral to the repair point. This technique prevents superior migration of the head of humerus and protects the repaired rotator cuff, resulting in better healing rates

Models of in vitro spermatogenesis

Understanding the mechanisms that lead to the differentiation of male germ cells from their spermatogonial stem cells through meiosis to give rise to mature haploid spermatozoa has been a major quest for many decades. Unlike most other cell types this differentiation process is more or less completely dependent upon the cells being located within the strongly structured niche provided by mature Sertoli cells within an intact seminiferous epithelium. While much new information is currently being obtained through the application and description of relevant gene mutations, there is still a considerable need for in vitro models with which to explore the mechanisms involved. Not only are systems of in vitro spermatogenesis important for understanding the basic science, they have marked pragmatic value in offering ex vivo systems for the artificial maturation of immature germ cells from male infertility patients, as well as providing opportunities for the transgenic manipulation of male germ cells. In this review, we have summarized literature relating to simplistic culturing of germ cells, co-cultures of germ cells with other cell types, especially with Sertoli cells, cultures of seminiferous tubule fragments, and briefly mention the opportunities of xenografting larger testicular pieces. The majority of methods are successful in allowing the differentiation of small steps in the progress of spermatogonia to spermatozoa; few tolerate the chromosomal reduction division through meiosis, and even fewer seem able to complete the complex morphogenesis which results in freely swimming spermatozoa. However, recent progress with complex culture environments, such as 3-d matrices, suggest that possibly success is now not too far away