5,665 research outputs found
What does the evidence tell us about fragmentation and outsourcing
The paper studies fragmentation and outsourcing at the international level.Fragmentation; Outsourcing
International Trade and the New Economic Geography
International Trade and the New Economic Geography.Trade; New Economic Geography
Forum: Literature and Language Awareness: Using Literature to Achieve CEFR Outcomes
This article sets out to explore why literature (used in this article to mean poetry, plays, short stories or novels) is often a marginalised resource in EFL classrooms, even though the Common European Framework of References for Languages (CEFR) suggests it should have a role in the classroom. It first reports on the results of a questionnaire investigating English teachers’ attitudes towards using literature in the classroom. After a discussion of these results, it explores some ways in which the use of literature can be linked to CEFR outcomes in a practical teaching framework which teachers can apply to literature they choose to teach
Trade and Wages: A Deeper Investigation
A new presentation of the specific factors model shows how labor fares under international trade by considering how the price elasticity of the nominal wage rate responds to the terms of trade as well as factor endowments. Gains to labor are decomposed into measurable terms of trade effects and production bias effects. If trade is caused by differences in technology, trade can harm the interests of labor when the elasticities of substitution are sufficiently small. If trade is caused by differences in labor endowments, trade raises real wages in the labor abundant country, even if exports are capital intensive.trade, real wages, beta function, specific factors
Vertical Foreclosure and International Trade Policy
We examine conditions under which a low cost vertically integrated manufacturer has an incentive to export an intermediate product to its higher cost (vertically integrated) rival rather than to vertically foreclose, fully cutting off supplies. The nature of supply conditions in the importing country, the size of an import tariff on the final good and optimal policy by the exporting country are all shown to be important for this decision. The exporting country may gain by taxing exports of the final (Cournot) product even though, under Cournot competition, an export subsidy is optimal in the absence of a market for intermediates. In this case, optimal policy also requires an export tax on intermediates, but the higher tax on final goods serves to divert sales to the more profitable market for intermediates increasing the extent of vertical supply. It is optimal to tax the export of both goods or to subsidize the export of both goods. It is never optimal to tax one and subsidize the other.
Fixed-width output analysis for Markov chain Monte Carlo
Markov chain Monte Carlo is a method of producing a correlated sample in
order to estimate features of a target distribution via ergodic averages. A
fundamental question is when should sampling stop? That is, when are the
ergodic averages good estimates of the desired quantities? We consider a method
that stops the simulation when the width of a confidence interval based on an
ergodic average is less than a user-specified value. Hence calculating a Monte
Carlo standard error is a critical step in assessing the simulation output. We
consider the regenerative simulation and batch means methods of estimating the
variance of the asymptotic normal distribution. We give sufficient conditions
for the strong consistency of both methods and investigate their finite sample
properties in a variety of examples
The Bread of Life Discourse in John 6: A Survey of Select Literature
A paper of this type also has numerous presuppositions. The paper assumes, for the purpose of discussion, that one may legitimately treat the entire discourse and that there is no need to discard smaller or larger units because of the form-critical process and its conclusions. If one were to treat the positions of the form critics regarding this chapter of John, either as a whole or in terms of its parts, one could easily write another paper on that topic alone
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