Reaction of atomic hydrogen with chloroform in a discharge flow reactor

The reactions of atomic hydrogen with chloroform were studied in a tubular flow reactor both in a 4 cm i.d. and 2.6 i.d. discharge flow reactor at pressure of 2.22 to 2.82 mmHg and room temperature using GC and GC/MS for analysis of the reaction. The hydrogen atom concentration at the reaction flame was measured by Chemiluminescence titration with nitrogen dioxide. The hydrogen concentrations are in the 2.48 x 10+14 to 4.83 x 10+14 atoms/cc range at six different hydrogen flow rates. Evidence was found for the formation of atomic carbon intermediate in the reaction, but methane was the primary final product in both reactions for reaction times of 0.024 sec to 0.072 sec. We propose a mechanism for the secondary reactions that almost all chloroform consumed went toward the production of methane. Thermochamical data were calculated for this purpose and energy studies were done along with analysis of many references. The Kinetics were computer-simulated by solving the simultaneous first-order differential equations describing the time dependence of the concentrations of the various chemical species, using both Runge-Kutta method for integration and Rosenbrock method for optimization of the system. Through this computer modelling of a reaction scheme and comparison with experimental data the rate constants for the primary reaction of hydrogen atom with chloroform at 298° K, H + CHCl3 ---\u3e HCl + CHCl2, was determined to be 4.2 x 10-14 cc/molecule sec. This value was larger than that determined in the only earlier study unpublished (23)

N-doped C dot/CoAl-layered double hydroxide/g-C3N4 hybrid composites for efficient and selective solar-driven conversion of CO2 into CH4

Converting CO 2 into value-added fuel by utilizing abundant solar energy could in principle minimize fossil fuel consumption and anthropogenic CO 2 emissions. However, developing catalytic systems with high selectivity and efficiency is necessary for photocatalytic CO 2 conversion. Here we report the fabrication of a N-doped C dot/CoAl-layered double hydroxide/g-C 3N 4 (NCD/LDH/CN) hybrid heterojunction photocatalyst for high efficiency and selectivity reduction of CO 2 with water into CH 4 under simulated-solar-light illumination. The NCD/LDH/CN hybrid photocatalyst demonstrated remarkable CH 4 production with an optimum rate of 25.69 μmol g −1 h −1, an apparent quantum yield of 0.62%, and 99% selectivity for CH 4. This NCD/LDH/CN hybrid system also exhibited exceptional stability and durability during consecutive test cycles with no apparent change in activity. The high activity and stability of the NCD/LDH/CN hybrid toward CO 2 photoreduction is essentially attributable to the strong synergy among the NCD, LDH, and CN constituents, which hinder charge recombination by accelerating charge transportation processes, together with the favorable properties such as broad optical response and good CO 2 adsorption capability. We explored the role of the NCDs in the NCD/LDH/CN hybrid system as a metal-free co-catalyst for the efficient and selective production of CH 4 from CO 2 photoreduction. Thus, the present report provides new insights into the rational fabrication of noble-metal-free photocatalysts for efficient and selective sustainable hydrocarbon production from photocatalytic reduction of CO 2. </p

Effect of the tocotrienol-rich fraction on the lifespan and oxidative biomarkers in Caenorhabditis elegans under oxidative stress

OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to determine the effect of the tocotrienol-rich fraction on the lifespan and oxidative status of C. elegans under oxidative stress. METHOD: Lifespan was determined by counting the number of surviving nematodes daily under a dissecting microscope after treatment with hydrogen peroxide and the tocotrienol-rich fraction. The evaluated oxidative markers included lipofuscin, which was measured using a fluorescent microscope, and protein carbonyl and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine, which were measured using commercially available kits. RESULTS: Hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress significantly decreased the mean lifespan of C. elegans, which was restored to that of the control by the tocotrienol-rich fraction when administered before or both before and after the hydrogen peroxide. The accumulation of the age marker lipofuscin, which increased with hydrogen peroxide exposure, was decreased with upon treatment with the tocotrienol-rich fraction (

A Study on the Effect of Consumer Involvement and Affect Intensity before and after Plagiarism Suspicion on the Purchase Intention of Music Goods

This study aims to examine the effect of consumers' involvement and affect intensity on the purchase intention of music items. In particular  domestically, there is no clear standard for judgment of plagiarism, and thus it is expected that plagiarism suspicion is likely to affect consumers' involvement and affect intensity, and as a result, their purchase intention as well. Accordingly, consumer characteristics (involvement, affect intensity) were chosen as independent variables, and consumers' purchase intention on music items as a subordinate variable, respectively. The first questionnaire-based survey was conducted before the awareness of plagiarism suspicion, followed by the second survey after the awareness of plagiarism suspicion. It turned out that the higher level of involvement and affect intensity, both of which are consumer characteristics, the higher level of purchase intention of music goods. While plagiarism suspicion caused C.R values to decrease in every item, a significant difference was observed only in the relation of ‘involvement - purchase intention’. This study shows that music items which involve plagiarism suspicion result in changes in consumers' purchase intention, which will cause damage to the creators and performers of related music items. Thus, for the development of the music industry and creative activity, tools and standards that can clearly distinguish plagiarism need to be developed

Comparing the effects of vitamin E tocotrienol-rich fraction supplementation and α-tocopherol supplementation on gene expression in healthy older adults

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to compare the differential gene expression resulting from tocotrienol-rich fraction and α-tocopherol supplementation in healthy older adults. METHODS: A total of 71 eligible subjects aged 50 to 55 years from Gombak and Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, were divided into three groups and supplemented with placebo (n=23), α-tocopherol (n=24) or tocotrienol-rich fraction (n=24). Blood samples were collected at baseline and at 3 and 6 months of supplementation for microarray analysis. RESULTS: The number of genes altered by α-tocopherol was higher after 6 months (1,410) than after 3 months (273) of supplementation. α-Tocopherol altered the expression of more genes in males (952) than in females (731). Similarly, tocotrienol-rich fraction modulated the expression of more genes after 6 months (1,084) than after 3 months (596) and affected more genes in males (899) than in females (781). α-Tocopherol supplementation modulated pathways involving the response to stress and stimuli, the immune response, the response to hypoxia and bacteria, the metabolism of toxins and xenobiotics, mitosis, and synaptic transmission as well as activated the mitogen-activated protein kinase and complement pathways after 6 months. However, tocotrienol-rich fraction supplementation affected pathways such as the signal transduction, apoptosis, nuclear factor kappa B kinase, cascade extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase-2, immune response, response to drug, cell adhesion, multicellular organismal development and G protein signaling pathways. CONCLUSION: Supplementation with either α-tocopherol or tocotrienol-rich fraction affected the immune and drug response and the cell adhesion and signal transduction pathways but modulated other pathways differently after 6 months of supplementation, with sex-specific responses

Vehicle Signal Analysis Using Artificial Neural Networks for a Bridge Weigh-in-Motion System

This paper describes the procedures for development of signal analysis algorithms using artificial neural networks for Bridge Weigh-in-Motion (B-WIM) systems. Through the analysis procedure, the extraction of information concerning heavy traffic vehicles such as weight, speed, and number of axles from the time domain strain data of the B-WIM system was attempted. As one of the several possible pattern recognition techniques, an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) was employed since it could effectively include dynamic effects and bridge-vehicle interactions. A number of vehicle traveling experiments with sufficient load cases were executed on two different types of bridges, a simply supported pre-stressed concrete girder bridge and a cable-stayed bridge. Different types of WIM systems such as high-speed WIM or low-speed WIM were also utilized during the experiments for cross-checking and to validate the performance of the developed algorithms

A preliminary study: Does relationship closeness with grandchildren correlate with the quality of life and physical health of Malaysian Chinese elderly?

The 13th Next-Generation Global Workshop第13回次世代グローバルワークショップテーマ: New Risks and Resilience in Asian Societies and the World 日程: 21-23 November, 2020 開催場所: ベトナム社会科学院(ハノイ)/Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences(No. 1 Lieu Giai street, Ba Dinh, Hanoi, Vietnam) ※Due to the COVID-19, the workshop will be held at ONLINE for overseas participants(not from Vietnam)/ONSITE for Vietnamese participants.This preliminary mixed-method study aimed to investigate whether grandparental childcare can contribute to elderly' quality of life and physical health. In the quantitative study, a total of 97 Chinese grandparents who are primary caregivers were recruited to examine the relations of relationship closeness, quality of life and physical health. Correlational analysis revealed that grandparent-grandchildren relationship closeness positively correlated with self-rated quality of life and physical health of the grandparents. In the qualitative interview, grandmothers (n = four Chinese grandmothers) who are primary caregivers were recruited to share their experience in taking care of grandchildren. Findings from the thematic analysis revealed that all grandmothers have a close relationship with their grandchildren. In specific, they are happy with the companionship of grandchildren even though they may feel physically tired in taking care of grandchildren. This preliminary study on skipped generation family provides insights into understanding the contribution of relationship closeness with grandchildren on the perceived quality of life and physical health of Malaysian grandparents who are the primary caregiver to their grandchildren