Production and economics of Gangetic mystus (Mystus cavasius) farming under different feed restriction periods in cages of floodplain ecosystem

High feed cost is a major problem for the promotion of a nutrient rich fish like Gangetic mystus (Mystus cavasius) in cages under floodplain ecosystem. To address this problem, production and economics of cage farming of Gangetic mystus were evaluated under different feed restriction periods in Atrai River of Chalan Beel. Four feed restriction periods were tested in floating cages under four different treatments (T1-0 day i.e., regular feeding, T2-1 day, T3-2 days, and T4-3 days feed restriction per week). Fish were fed twice daily with commercial floating pellet containing 32% protein. Water quality parameters (water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH and ammonia-nitrogen) were within the suitable range for fish culture. Final weight, weight gain, % weight gain, average daily gain, specific growth rate and survival rate were found significantly higher at treatment T1 whereas a better feed conversion ratio was observed in T2. Significantly higher fish production and benefit were also obtained from treatment T2. The present study concluded that Gangetic mystus with a stocking density of 50 fish m–3 fed with 32% protein containing feed maintaining 1 day feeding restriction per week are economically feasible for cage culture in running water

Effect of early tranexamic acid administration on mortality, hysterectomy, and other morbidities in women with post-partum haemorrhage (WOMAN): an international, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Background Post-partum haemorrhage is the leading cause of maternal death worldwide. Early administration of tranexamic acid reduces deaths due to bleeding in trauma patients. We aimed to assess the effects of early administration of tranexamic acid on death, hysterectomy, and other relevant outcomes in women with post-partum haemorrhage. Methods In this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, we recruited women aged 16 years and older with a clinical diagnosis of post-partum haemorrhage after a vaginal birth or caesarean section from 193 hospitals in 21 countries. We randomly assigned women to receive either 1 g intravenous tranexamic acid or matching placebo in addition to usual care. If bleeding continued after 30 min, or stopped and restarted within 24 h of the first dose, a second dose of 1 g of tranexamic acid or placebo could be given. Patients were assigned by selection of a numbered treatment pack from a box containing eight numbered packs that were identical apart from the pack number. Participants, care givers, and those assessing outcomes were masked to allocation. We originally planned to enrol 15 000 women with a composite primary endpoint of death from all-causes or hysterectomy within 42 days of giving birth. However, during the trial it became apparent that the decision to conduct a hysterectomy was often made at the same time as randomisation. Although tranexamic acid could influence the risk of death in these cases, it could not affect the risk of hysterectomy. We therefore increased the sample size from 15 000 to 20 000 women in order to estimate the effect of tranexamic acid on the risk of death from post-partum haemorrhage. All analyses were done on an intention-to-treat basis. This trial is registered with ISRCTN76912190 (Dec 8, 2008); ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00872469; and PACTR201007000192283. Findings Between March, 2010, and April, 2016, 20 060 women were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive tranexamic acid (n=10 051) or placebo (n=10 009), of whom 10 036 and 9985, respectively, were included in the analysis. Death due to bleeding was significantly reduced in women given tranexamic acid (155 [1·5%] of 10 036 patients vs 191 [1·9%] of 9985 in the placebo group, risk ratio [RR] 0·81, 95% CI 0·65–1·00; p=0·045), especially in women given treatment within 3 h of giving birth (89 [1·2%] in the tranexamic acid group vs 127 [1·7%] in the placebo group, RR 0·69, 95% CI 0·52–0·91; p=0·008). All other causes of death did not differ significantly by group. Hysterectomy was not reduced with tranexamic acid (358 [3·6%] patients in the tranexamic acid group vs 351 [3·5%] in the placebo group, RR 1·02, 95% CI 0·88–1·07; p=0·84). The composite primary endpoint of death from all causes or hysterectomy was not reduced with tranexamic acid (534 [5·3%] deaths or hysterectomies in the tranexamic acid group vs 546 [5·5%] in the placebo group, RR 0·97, 95% CI 0·87-1·09; p=0·65). Adverse events (including thromboembolic events) did not differ significantly in the tranexamic acid versus placebo group. Interpretation Tranexamic acid reduces death due to bleeding in women with post-partum haemorrhage with no adverse effects. When used as a treatment for postpartum haemorrhage, tranexamic acid should be given as soon as possible after bleeding onset. Funding London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Pfizer, UK Department of Health, Wellcome Trust, and Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

Effect of stocking density on the growth, body composition, and blood parameters of cage-reared Gangetic mystus catfish (Mystus cavasius)

Suitable stocking density of Gulsa tengra (Mystus cavasius) was observed by measuring growth performance, production, and survival in nylon net cages for 120 days in Chalan Beel floodplain ecosystem. Fry of Gulsha tengra (5.55 ± 0.49 g in weight) were stocked into 6 × 3 × 2-m (36 m3) floating net cages with treatments: T1-50, T2-100, T3-150, and T4-200 fry/m3 (in triplicates). The stocked fry was fed twice daily with commercial floating pellet containing 32 % protein at the rate of 5 % /fish body weight during the first 2 months and then reduced to 3 % for the next 2 months. The highest weight gain was observed in the lowest density treatment, T1 (18.70 ± 1.37 g) and the lowest (8.66 ± 0.99 g) in highest density treatment, T4 (all tests for significance were performed at a 5 % level). The rate of survival varied from 86.6 % and 95.8 %, with T1 resulting in the significantly highest survival. A better feed conversion ratio was also observed in T1 (1.75 ± 0.26). Significantly higher protein (16.86 ± 0.36) and fat (2.78 ± 0.02) contents were recorded in the fish body composition in T1. Water quality parameters (temperature: 26.0 ± 1.0 °C, pH: 7.2 ± 0.2, DO: 6.4 ± 0.1 mg/l, NH3-N: 0.002 ± 0.001) recorded throughout the study period were within the suitable range for fish culture. The highest red (119.0 ± 4.85 ×106 µl) and white blood cell (233.2 ± 16.02 ×103 µl), hemoglobin (5.65 ± 0.30 g/dl), total protein (5.50 ± 0.03 g/dl), albumin (1.82 ± 0.06 g/dl), and globulin (3.65 ± 0.15 g/dl) were also observed in T1 indicating optimum condition. Total and net production per cage were the highest in T1 with approximately 50 % increase (88.31 ± 6.72 and 59.27 ± 5.79 kg, respectively) compared to T4. The net income and benefit–cost ratio was increased by approximately 42 % and 30 %, respectively, in T1. Thus, this study recommended an optimal stocking density of 50 fish/m3 for Gulsha tengra to achieve a profitable and robust yield in cage culture

Fever among the Ethnic Santal People in Bangladesh

Abstract The study tries to find out the scenario of black fever among the Santal people in Bangladesh. Santal patient health seeking behaviors related with their community people decision, free treatment consideration, preferable healthcare option. Those the entire thing is related with culture. The study is explorative and to some extent descriptive in nature that enforces to adopt mixed with qualitative and quantitative data as well as secondary and primary data. Research shows that 81% patient depend too much on treatment of indigenous physician (Kabiraj). Also barriers of accessing health care are the prevailing factor for health seeking behavior. 92% respondents said awareness and knowledge regarding black fever has too much impact. 43% people are influenced by church and Non-Governmental Organization (N.G.O) during decision making regarding treatment. 54% patients state that, skin turns into more black after taking medicine. Economic condition of lower class people has too much impact on health seeking behavior also. Santal people traditional practice is responsible attacked by black fever. If we will able to conscious ethnic people, dying and suffering regarding black fever will dissolve