Diseño y desarrollo del modelo óptimo de asignación y cronograma de remolques en el sistema de cadena de suministro con consideración de cross dock con planificación estocástica

Todays, transportation, and logistics engineering processes are among the important issues of organizations in the competitive market. Considering the logistical structure of the logistics engineering and the more attention paid to the logistical tools and, in particular, such as the use of these tools, such as containers (pallets, containers, etc.), transportation equipment (trailer, forklift trucks, etc.), and The art of building the supply and distribution network concerning the main warehouses, cross-dock, and temporary storage, is one of the most critical and contemplative cases. In fact, all these tools work together to maximize system efficiency in the field of logistics concerning the leading impact indicators, including the time of shipment (loading, disloading, the allocation of trailers, etc.). This paper's main goal is to present and develop a mathematical model of trailer schedule planning in possible conditions in the cross-dock. In fact, the main function of this mathematical model is to minimize the total time of the logistics process from the stage of emptying the pallets from the materials producers in the cross docks and assigning the trailer to the door, and finally reloading the pallets to be distributed to the production sites. To solve this model and to analyze the outputs, mixed integer programming was used by GAMS software.Hoy en día, los procesos de ingeniería de transporte y logística se encuentran entre los temas importantes de las organizaciones en el mercado competitivo. Teniendo en cuenta la estructura logística de la ingeniería logística y la mayor atención prestada a las herramientas logísticas y, en particular, como el uso de estas herramientas, como contenedores (pallets, contenedores, etc.), equipos de transporte (remolque, carretillas elevadoras, etc.), y El arte de construir la red de suministro y distribución con respecto a los almacenes principales, cross dock y almacenamiento temporal, es uno de los casos más importantes y contemplativos. De hecho, todas estas herramientas trabajan juntas para maximizar la eficiencia del sistema en el campo de la logística con respecto a los principales indicadores de impacto, incluido el tiempo de envío (carga, descarga, asignación de remolques, etc.). El objetivo principal de este artículo es presentar y desarrollar un modelo matemático de planificación de horarios de remolques en las posibles condiciones en el muelle de cruce. De hecho, la función principal de este modelo matemático es minimizar el tiempo total del proceso logístico desde la etapa de vaciado de los pallets de los productores de materiales en los cross docks y la asignación del remolque a la puerta y finalmente la recarga de los pallets a distribuir. a los sitios de producción. Para resolver este modelo y analizar las salidas, el software GAMS utilizó la programación de enteros mixtos

Sensitivity to Antibiotics of Bacteria Exposed to Gamma Radiation Emitted from Hot Soils of the High Background Radiation Areas of Ramsar, Northern Iran

Background: Over the past several years our laboratories have investigated different aspects of the challenging issue of the alterations in bacterial susceptibility to antibiotics induced by physical stresses. Objective: To explore the bacterial susceptibility to antibiotics in samples of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. typhimurium), Staphylococcus aureus, and Klebsiella pneumoniae after exposure to gamma radiation emitted from the soil samples taken from the high background radiation areas of Ramsar, northern Iran. Methods: Standard Kirby-Bauer test, which evaluates the size of the zone of inhibition as an indicator of the susceptibility of different bacteria to antibiotics, was used in this study. Results: The maximum alteration of the diameter of inhibition zone was found for K. pneumoniae when tested for ciprofloxacin. In this case, the mean diameter of no growth zone in non-irradiated control samples of K. pneumoniae was 20.3 (SD 0.6) mm; it was 14.7 (SD 0.6) mm in irradiated samples. On the other hand, the minimum changes in the diameter of inhibition zone were found for S. typhimurium and S. aureus when these bacteria were tested for nitrofurantoin and cephalexin, respectively. Conclusion: Gamma rays were capable of making significant alterations in bacterial susceptibility to antibiotics. It can be hypothesized that high levels of natural background radiation can induce adaptive phenomena that help microorganisms better cope with lethal effects of antibiotics

Pulmonary manifestations in a cohort of patients with inborn errors of immunity : an 8-year follow-up study

Background: Inborn errors of immunity (IEIs) are a group of congenital diseases caused by genetic defects in the development and function of the immune system. The involvement of the respiratory tract is one of the most common presentations in IEIs. Methods: Overall, 117 patients with diagnosed IEIs were followed-up within 8 years at the National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD). Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were collected in a questionnaire. Pulmonary function test (PFT), chest X-ray (CXR), and high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scans were obtained where applicable. Results: Our study population consisted of 48 (41%) patients with predominantly antibody deficiencies (PADs), 39 (32%) patients with congenital defects of phagocytes, 14 (11.9%) patients with combined immunodeficiency (CID), and 16 (14%) patients with Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial diseases (MSMD).. Recurrent pneumonia was the most common manifestation, while productive cough appeared to be the most common symptom in almost all diseases. PFT showed an obstructive pattern in patients with PAD, a restrictive pattern in patients with CID, and a mixed pattern in patients with CGD. HRCT findings were consistent with bronchiectasis in most PAD patients, whereas consolidation and mediastinal lesions were more common in the other groups. Conclusions: Pulmonary manifestations vary among different groups of IEIs. The screening for lung complications should be performed regularly to reveal respiratory pathologies in early stages and follow-up on already existing abnormalities. (C) 2022 Codon Publications. Published by Codon Publications.Peer reviewe

Plato and Rawls: Justice in Individual or Society?

he conception of justice in Plato’s Republic is an abstract concept that Socrates by using midwifery method strives to create it. In fact, although Plato's talk about justice starts from the external perspective, but, his main intention is investigation of all internal structure of human soul and then of social classes and thereby, to disclosure the nature of justice. For Rawls, in contrast, the realities of society and the economic and social conditions of current societies are more important. Rawls’ view on justice is less psychological than Plato's one. In his two books, “A Theory of Justice” and “Justice as Fairness”, he investigates the nature of justice with regard to the economic and social realities of societies. In this article, on the one hand, we compare the advantages of Rawls' concept of “Justice as Fairness” with Plato's concept of justice, and on the other hand, we will investigate if Rawls, like Plato, did tripartite analysis of justice, or it (the tripartite analysis of justice) can be caused by his view of Justice

Seyed Mohammad Hossein Tabatabai and David Hume in the philosophical basis for determining the values

allameh sayyid muhammad husain tabatabaei and David Hume, in regard to influential philosophical thought's, are very important, one in the Muslim world and The other in the West world. Allama has mentioned his thoughts on ethics, in his two books, the principles of philosophy and Method of realism and Al-Mizan interpretation (Quranic exegesis). In The principles of philosophy and Method of realism, his main discussions are actions that export from agent and the relationship between agent and action. In the sixth chapter of the book, Allama generally analyzes mental aspects, and in particular, examines the psychophilosophical analysis and epistemology of the moral concepts. In terms of epistemology, ethics is one of the perceptions of mental aspects, and according to Allama, humans naturally can distinct right from wrong and take steps towards goodness and happiness. The second psychophilosophical aspect of ethics is related to good moral qualities and spiritual positive properties. As was stated before, humans, by nature, are equipped with the ability to recognize right and wrong; so it can be concluded in the issue of good moral qualities and spiritual positive properties, that virtues and vices are in the form of spiritual positive properties and that actualized in regard to need of Physical actions, and accordingly, humans are forced to take action. Allama in epistemological discussions and how human can obtain the knowledge has analyzed the agency of human and relationship between the agent and the action with the aim of demonstrating the role of reason and perceptions in all levels of human life as central and substantial.Hume at the beginning of the third book, a treatise on human nature, stated that "Morality is a subject that interests us above all others"; He spoke of the importance of this field of philosophy. You can even ponder and reflect on the previous parts of the book so that the introductions of a scheme of ethics are discussed. Hume's moral philosophy can be considered as "virtue-based ethics". The main concepts of his ethical theory are such as Behavior, virtues and vices, and not a duty, maxims and obligation. The salient feature of Hume's moral theory is the emphasis upon moral sense according which we discern vicious and virtuous behavior. Consequently, according to Taylor, "Hume's ethics can be contrasted with other forms of virtue-based ethics, such as Aristotelian ethics." In Aristotelian virtue ethics, the focus is on the virtuous agent, and to investigate how people can be involved in the acquisition of virtues and deals with the role of virtue in having a good and calm life; whereas Hume is merely deals with diagnoses and assess the treatment. Most of his work is behavior cognition, and partly psychological and is based on an act-centered attitude. His attitude of moral knowledge based on good and bad behaviors of people is distinguished and evaluated on the context of society and the dialogue and discussion. In other words, evaluation and recognition of the moral norms of virtues- or vices-based is a social practice and the social conditions make it clear. Accordingly, Hume argues that "passions as hate, anger, respect, love, courage, pain and pleasure, all of them bring from the communication with others within the community and not from my natural mood." As a result, one can say that the Allameh Tabatabai argues that human, by nature, has the ability to distinguish right from wrong, and therefore, there are virtues and vices in the form of spiritual positive properties and that actualized in regard to need of Physical actions, and accordingly, humans are forced to take action. Then, human with using the power of "wisdom", can distinguish between virtues and vices. However, Hume explicitly does not consider distinguishing between good and evil as the act of reason, but of "moral sense", and According to him, "reason is the slave of the passion

24 Hour Survival Rate and its Determinants in Patients with Successful Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Ghaem Hospital of Mashhad

Introduction and Aims The main cause of death in the adult population in the industrialized world is sudden cardiac arrest. The first purpose of cardiopulmonary resuscitation is return of spontaneous circulation. Post cardiopulmonary resuscitation cares are fifth stage of American Heart Association cardiopulmonary resuscitation that less take into consideration. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of &ldquo;24 Hour Survival Rate and it&rsquo;s determinants in patients with Successful Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Ghaem Hospital of Mashhad&rdquo;. Materials and Methods In this descriptive and analytical study, 80 cases of CPR were selected by convenience sampling in Ghaem hospital of Mashhad. After confirming of cardiac arrest by a resident physician in the wards and declaration of code 99, were performed cardiopulmonary resuscitation by CPR team. Rate of 24 hour survival was determined in patients that had return of spontaneous circulation by form the researcher&rsquo;s observations. Data were collected and analyzed using of descriptive statistics (frequency, mean, standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Fishers, Chi-square, logistic regression) and SPSS software version of 16. Results Mean and standard deviation of age patients was 67.3&plusmn;1.5 year. In 45 patients (56.2%), was achieved return of spontaneous circulation. The rate of 24 hour survival was in 30 patients that cardiopulmonary resuscitation on them was successful. The chi-square test, showed that is significant differences between 24 hour survival with sex and diabetes in patients (P<0.05). The Fisher&rsquo;s test, showed that there is significant differences between 24 hour survival and history of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (P<0.04). Conclusion The rate of 24 hour survival was 66.7% in patients with a successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation. This reflects that must be considered after cardiopulmonary resuscitation cares. * Corresponding Author: Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Nursing & Midwifery. Email: [email protected]

Prevalence and determinants of self-medication consumption of antibiotics in children in Iran: A population-based cross-sectional study, 2018-19.

IntroductionThe prevalence of self-medication of antibiotics has been revealed in various studies. The main aim of this work is to investigate the frequency of self-medication in children under 6 years and the factors affecting it.MethodsThis is a population-based cross-sectional study conducted in the Arak metropolitan in the center of Iran from January 2019 to January 2020. We used stratified random sampling to determine recruitment criteria. As 1754 households were invited to the study that 1483 were approved to participate. Children's data were obtained by the interview with their mothers. In order to define self-medication consumption of antibiotics, it was adapted between annually maternal self-reported consumption of antibiotics among their children and history of received antibiotics registered in insurance services during the same time period. Logistic regression models were exploited to obtain odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals.ResultsMean age of mothers was 31.8 years (SD = 5.4), 52.1% of the children were boys. Annually self-medication of antibiotic consumption was estimated 61.6% (n = 914). Based on the logistic regression analysis, in the adjusted analysis, girls were associated with self-medication consumption of antibiotics lower than boys' children (p = 0.016). Older mothers were lower self-medication consumption of antibiotics than youngers (p = 0.001). Moreover, the permanent job of fathers was associated with lower self-medication consumption of antibiotics than temporarily and unemployment (p = .001). The odds of self-medication consumption of antibiotics were increasing with the increase in age of children (OR: 1.21, CI95%: 1.12, 1.31 and p = 0.001). The increase in parity has been a significant association with the self-medication consumption of antibiotics (OR: 1.64, CI95%: 1.38, 1.95and p = 0.001).ConclusionResults of this study show that some factors such as children's age, gender, mother's age, father's occupational status, and parity are the determinants that significantly impact the self-medication prevalence

24-Hour survival after cardiopulmonary resuscitation is reduced in patients with diabetes mellitus

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Some recent studies have shown an association between diabetes and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest incidence and survival. We aimed to investigate whether there is an association between the presence of diabetes mellitus and survival after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in patients with an in-hospital cardiac arrest. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted during the period of January to February 2014, among 80 cases of cardiopulmonary arrest in patients at Qaem hospital of Mashhad, Iran. A code 99 was announced after a cardiac arrest was identified, and CPR was performed by the cardiac arrest team. Twenty four hour survival was compared in diabetic and non-diabetic patients who had a return to spontaneous circulation after CPR. We used SPSS statistics for Windows version 16 for data analysis. Results: The return to spontaneous circulation in the diabetic group was not significantly lower than for the non-diabetic group (42.9% versus 61.0% [P = 0.15]). However, the 24-hour survival in the diabetic group was significantly lower than for the non-diabetic group (19.0% versus 44.1% [P = 0.04]). Conclusion: The presence of diabetes mellitus is associated with a significantly lower rate of survival after CPR

Effect of gold nanoparticles on properties of nanoliposomal hydroxyurea: an in vitro study

New hopes in cancer treatment have been emerged using functional nanoparticles. In this work, we tried to synthesize gold nanoparticles and gold nanoparticles conjugated with DNA extracted from human breast cancer cells. After synthesizing, gold nanoparticles were mixed with nanoliposomal hydroxyurea and corresponding compounds were formed. They were described by UV-Visible spectrophotometry and Zeta sizer. Amount of drug loading into liposomes was determined by spectrophotometry and cytotoxicity effect on MCF-7 cells was measure by MTT assay. Drug loading was determined to be 70 %. Size, size distribution and Zeta potential of particles were 473 nm, 0.46 and -21 mV for control nanoliposomal ones and 351 nm, 0.38 and -25 mV for nanoliposomal particles containing hydroxyurea. This was 29 nm, 0.23 and -30 mV for gold nanoparticles and 502 nm, 0.41 and -38 mV for nanoliposomes containing drug loaded by gold nanoparticles conjugated with DNA. It was found that nano conjugated complex in concentrations less than 20 μM of hydroxyurea can improve efficiency compared with liposomal drug. In maximum concentration of drug (2,500 μM), cytotoxicity was equal to 95 %. In minimum concentration of drug (5 μM), cytotoxicity of liposomal drug and conjugated complex were 70 and 81 %, respectively which probably comes from increased drug entry into cells due to the presence of gold nanoparticles. Free drug resulted in toxicity of 32 % in 5 μM and 88 % in 2,500 μM. Results demonstrated higher drug efficiency in nanoparticle form compared with free form which can be used in in vivo studies