An Abscess in the Mandibular Area of the Horse

On February 9, 1945, a 10-year-old sorrel mare was brought to the Stange Memorial Clinic with a diagnosis of alveolar periostitis. Tne horse had a swelling in the left mandibular area similar to one caused by an infected tooth. A speculum was placed in the horse\u27s mouth but there was so much swelling that an examination was impossible. The swollen area was hot packed for the next 4 days to reduce the swelling, and then the mare was given one and one-half ounces of chloral hydrate via a stomach tube as a basal sedative and restrained on the operating table. A speculum was placed in the mouth to facilitate palpation to determine which tooth was involved. It was at this time that the swelling was found to be due to an abscess in the cheek and not an infected tooth. The mucous membrane of the cheek was forced between the teeth by the swelling so mastication was extremely painful. It was decided to drain the abscess to the outside, to avoid packing of the abscess cavity with food if opened to the inside of the mouth, with resulting delay in healing

Crystal structure of N,N,N-tris-[(1,3-benzo-thia-zol-2-yl)meth-yl]amine.

The title compound, C24H18N4S3, exhibits three near planar benzo-thia-zole systems in a pseudo-C 3 conformation. The dihedral angles between the planes of the benzo-thia-zole groups range from 112.56 (4) to 124.68 (4)° In the crystal, mol-ecules are connected to each other through three short C-H⋯N contacts, forming an infinite chain along [100]. The molecules are also linked by π-π interactions with each of the three five-membered thiazole rings. [inter-centroid distance range: 3.614 (1)-4.074 (1) Å, inter-planar distance range: 3.4806 (17)-3.6902 (15) Å, slippage range: 0.759 (3)-1.887 (3) Å]

Dimethyl 2,2'-di-nitro-biphenyl-4,4'-di-carboxyl-ate.

The title compound, C16H12N2O8, exhibits two near-planar aromatic ester groups with ar-yl-ester dihedral angles of 2.1 (2) and 4.2 (3)°. The dihedral angle between the aromatic rings is 58.0 (1)°. The two nitro groups are tilted slightly from the plane of the aromatic rings, making dihedral angles of 14.1 (1) and 8.2 (2)°. In the crystal, mol-ecules are connected by weak C-H⋯O inter-actions, forming a three-dimensional network

Crystal structure of dimethyl 9H-carbazole-2,7-di-carb-oxy-late.

In the title compound, C16H13NO4, the carbazole ring system is almost planar with non-H atoms possessing a mean deviation from planarity of 0.037 Å. The two ester groups are orientated trans to one another and tilted slightly from the mean plane of the carbazole ring system, making dihedral angles of 8.12 (6) and 8.21 (5)°. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked by pairs of N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds forming inversion dimers. The dimers are linked by parallel slipped π-π inter-actions, forming slabs propagating along the b-axis direction [inter-centroid distance = 3.6042 (8) Å, inter-planar distance = 3.3437 (5) Å, slippage = 1.345 Å]

Tests of propellers for Alvin side propulsion units

Full scale dynamometer tests were run on a series of unshrouded propellers in the range of propeller diameters considered practical for use on the side propulsion units of the research submarine ALVIN. Measurements taken included static thrust, torque, and RPM for various values of hydraulic power input to the driving motor. In other tests, propellers having 14 inch diameter and 20 inch pitch (the present ALVIN configuration) were compared for static thrust as follows: conventional blade shape, unshrouded; conventional blade shape in ALVIN flow-accelerating nozzle unit; square-ended blades in ALVIN nozzle unit. Recommendations are given concerning the proposed new ALVIN side propulsion units

Torque tests of a full size model of the Alvin/AUTEC emergency sphere release

Laboratory torque tests were perfoirmed using an actual emergency sphere release shaft of the type used in the research submarines ALVIN, SEA CLIFF and TURTLE. A test fixture was constructed which permitted laboratory simulation of the side (squeezing) forces applied to the release shaft came as a result of forebody buoyancy. Estimated full-scale side forces were applied to the cam by a laboratory compression testing machine, and the torque required to rotate the shaft was measured. Tests were run with contacting surfaces (a) clean and dry, (b) greased, and (c) immersed in sea water. From the test results, values of release torque were calculated for the submarines in question. Coefficient of friction values of the contrating materials (Monel K-500 on phosphor bronze) also are reported.Submitted to the Office of Naval Research under contract Ndnr-3484(00); NR 260-107

Experimental stress analysis of model of emergency forebody release device used in deep diving research submarines Alvin, Sea Cliff and Turtle

Originally issued as Reference No. 69-68, series later renamed WHOI-Technical ReportsTests were conducted on a full-scale model of the emergency forebody release used in the deep-diving submarines ALVIN, SEA CLIFF and TURTLE. The model was machined from metal to the same dimensional tolerances as the prototype. Resistance strain gages, attached to the model, permitted measurement of forces on component parts of the device. Of primary concern was the bending stress which might be set up in the release operating shaft when the submarine is submerged in an inclined position. Tests were arranged to simulate three possible conditions of loading of the release device at a 30 degree vehicle list angle: case (1) righting moment of inclined forebody resisted by release components only; case (2) righting moment resisted by release with assistance from lower guides; and (3) righting moment resisted by couple set up by release and rubber support ring. Test results show that shaft bending stresses (for ALVIN) are high (200,000 psi) for the case (1) condition, lower (400,000 - 90,000 psi) for case (2) and essentially zero for case (3). The conclusion is that the present forebody release design is adequate for all submarine attitudes encountered in normal operation, provided the vehicle has been assembled so that contact between sphere and rubber ring is assured at all times.Submitted to the Office of Naval Research under Contract Nonr-3484(00); NR 260-107

A pendulum inclinometer for use with small deep-submersibles

The authors developed a pendulum inclinometer suitable for use with small deepsubmersibles or surface craft. The instrument uses a relatively short heavy pendulum and a viscous damping system for minimizing the effects of unwanted oscilatory motion. The pendulum relative motion is transmitted to the dial pointer through a flexible cord. The mechanism is designed so that the inclinometer gives a direct reading of the tangent of the angle of inclination. Adjustments are provided for leveling the instrument and for setting the dial to zero. Upper and lower clamping devices protect the pendulum suspension from damage during transit. The inclinometer has been used successfully in recent inclining experiments for the small research submarine Alvin.Prepared for the Office of Naval Research under Contract N00014-73-C-0097; NR 083-383

Aggressive International Tax Planning by Multinational Corporations: The Canadian Context and Possible Responses

Aggressive international tax planning by multinational corporations has lately fallen under intense political scrutiny. U.S. politicians have called out some American multinationals, including Apple, Amazon, Starbucks and Google, for relocating profits abroad to avoid American taxes. More recently, politicians accused Burger King of being unpatriotic for its own purported “tax inversion” maneuver, in which it would acquire Canada’s Tim Hortons and shift the head office from Florida to Ontario, benefitting from the lower northern tax rates. The Chicago-based Walgreens pharmacy chain recently backed off a “tax inversion” plan to relocate to Switzerland (the former headquarters of Alliance Boots, a company acquired by Walgreens), apparently having assessed the political risk as too high. This sort of aggressive international tax planning by multinational corporations was what G20 members had committed to fighting against when they endorsed the OECD’s “action plan” against base erosion and profit shifting (BEPS). Canada has been vigilant about improving its tax framework to prevent non-resident corporations from eroding the Canadian tax base, having enacted thin-capitalization rules and, more recently, foreign-affiliate-dumping rules, as well as proposing anti-treaty-shopping measures. But despite Canada’s commitment to the OECD’s BEPS Action Plan, the Canadian government has been reluctant to follow through on implementing rules that might affect its own resident corporations and their international competitiveness. This is most notably visible in the generous participation exemption for dividends from foreign affiliates, the absence of rules restricting the deductibility of interest expenses incurred to earn exempt dividends from foreign affiliates. Canada may be reluctant to fully follow through on all aspects of the OECD’s BEPS Action Plan. As the examples of Apple, Amazon, Google and Starbucks demonstrate, the American government has so far been unable to bring itself to take any meaningful action against aggressive international planning by U.S.resident corporations. Were Canada to enact and enforce rules that clamped down on aggressive international tax planning by its own resident corporations, it would only put Canadian firms at a competitive disadvantage relative to American (or other international) rivals. Until the United States is willing and able to take the lead on aggressive international tax planning by multi-national corporations, the reality is that smaller countries, including Canada, should be cautious about making changes to its international tax rules that are dependent on other countries making similar changes