30 research outputs found

    Increased red blood cell deformation in children and adolescents after SARS-CoV-2 infection

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    Severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with hyperinflammation, hypercoagulability and hypoxia. Red blood cells (RBCs) play a key role in microcirculation and hypoxemia and are therefore of special interest in COVID-19 pathophysiology. While this novel disease has claimed the lives of many older patients, it often goes unnoticed or with mild symptoms in children. This study aimed to investigate morphological and mechanical characteristics of RBCs after SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and adolescents by real-time deformability-cytometry (RT-DC), to investigate the relationship between alterations of RBCs and clinical course of COVID-19. Full blood of 121 students from secondary schools in Saxony, Germany, was analyzed. SARS-CoV-2-serostatus was acquired at the same time. Median RBC deformation was significantly increased in SARS-CoV-2-seropositive compared to seronegative children and adolescents, but no difference could be detected when the infection dated back more than 6 months. Median RBC area was the same in seropositive and seronegative adolescents. Our findings of increased median RBC deformation in SARS-CoV-2 seropositive children and adolescents until 6 months post COVID-19 could potentially serve as a progression parameter in the clinical course of the disease with an increased RBC deformation pointing towards a mild course of COVID-19

    Exposure to Moderate Air Pollution during Late Pregnancy and Cord Blood Cytokine Secretion in Healthy Neonates

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    Ambient air pollution can alter cytokine concentrations as shown in vitro and following short-term exposure to high air pollution levels in vivo. Exposure to pollution during late pregnancy has been shown to affect fetal lymphocytic immunophenotypes. However, effects of prenatal exposure to moderate levels of air pollutants on cytokine regulation in cord blood of healthy infants are unknown. In a birth cohort of 265 healthy term-born neonates, we assessed maternal exposure to particles with an aerodynamic diameter of 10 ”m or less (PM₁₀), as well as to indoor air pollution during the last trimester, specifically the last 21, 14, 7, 3 and 1 days of pregnancy. As a proxy for traffic-related air pollution, we determined the distance of mothers' homes to major roads. We measured cytokine and chemokine levels (MCP-1, IL-6, IL-10, IL-1ß, TNF-α and GM-CSF) in cord blood serum using LUMINEX technology. Their association with pollution levels was assessed using regression analysis, adjusted for possible confounders. Mean (95%-CI) PM₁₀ exposure for the last 7 days of pregnancy was 18.3 (10.3-38.4 ”g/mÂł). PM₁₀ exposure during the last 3 days of pregnancy was significantly associated with reduced IL-10 and during the last 3 months of pregnancy with increased IL-1ß levels in cord blood after adjustment for relevant confounders. Maternal smoking was associated with reduced IL-6 levels. For the other cytokines no association was found. Our results suggest that even naturally occurring prenatal exposure to moderate amounts of indoor and outdoor air pollution may lead to changes in cord blood cytokine levels in a population based cohort

    Beschluss der STIKO zur 9. Aktualisierung der COVID-19-Impfempfehlung und die dazugehörige wissenschaftliche BegrĂŒndung

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    Die STIKO empfiehlt auch fĂŒr alle 12- bis 17-jĂ€hrigen Kinder und Jugendliche die Impfung gegen COVID-19 mit einem der beiden zugelassenen mRNA-Impfstoffe (Comirnaty von BioNTech/Pfizer und Spikevax von Moderna). Verabreicht werden sollen jeweils zwei Dosen Comirnaty oder Spikevax im Abstand von 3-6 bzw. 4-6 Wochen. Die Aktualisierung der Empfehlung zur COVID-19-Impfung von 12- bis 17-JĂ€hrigen basiert auf der Bewertung neuer quantitativer Daten zur Sicherheit der Impfung und zur Krankheitslast sowie einer Modellierung von direkten Effekten der Impfung auf diese Altersgruppe wie auch indirekten Effekten auf andere Altersgruppen. Die STIKO spricht sich jedoch explizit dagegen aus, dass der Zugang von Kindern und Jugendlichen zur Teilhabe an Bildung, Kultur und anderen AktivitĂ€ten des sozialen Lebens vom Vorliegen einer Impfung abhĂ€ngig gemacht wird.Peer Reviewe

    Beschluss der STIKO zur 9. Aktualisierung der COVID-19-Impfempfehlung und die dazugehörige wissenschaftliche BegrĂŒndung

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    Die STIKO empfiehlt auch fĂŒr alle 12- bis 17-jĂ€hrigen Kinder und Jugendliche die Impfung gegen COVID-19 mit einem der beiden zugelassenen mRNA-Impfstoffe (Comirnaty von BioNTech/Pfizer und Spikevax von Moderna). Verabreicht werden sollen jeweils zwei Dosen Comirnaty oder Spikevax im Abstand von 3-6 bzw. 4-6 Wochen. Die Aktualisierung der Empfehlung zur COVID-19-Impfung von 12- bis 17-JĂ€hrigen basiert auf der Bewertung neuer quantitativer Daten zur Sicherheit der Impfung und zur Krankheitslast sowie einer Modellierung von direkten Effekten der Impfung auf diese Altersgruppe wie auch indirekten Effekten auf andere Altersgruppen. Die STIKO spricht sich jedoch explizit dagegen aus, dass der Zugang von Kindern und Jugendlichen zur Teilhabe an Bildung, Kultur und anderen AktivitĂ€ten des sozialen Lebens vom Vorliegen einer Impfung abhĂ€ngig gemacht wird.Peer Reviewe

    Wissenschaftliche BegrĂŒndung der STIKO fĂŒr die Modifizierung der COVID-19-Impfempfehlung fĂŒr Kinder im Alter von 5 – 11 Jahren

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    Die STIKO empfiehlt Kindern mit Vorerkrankungen weiterhin eine Grundimmunisierung mit 2 Impfstoffdosen sowie eine Auffrischimpfung. Gesunde Kinder sollen eine Grundimmunisierung mit 2 Impfstoffdosen bekommen, wenn sich in deren Umfeld Personen mit hohem Risiko fĂŒr einen schweren COVID-19-Verlauf befinden, die durch eine Impfung selbst nicht sicher geschĂŒtzt werden können. Allen anderen Kindern empfiehlt die STIKO zunĂ€chst nur eine COVID-19-Impfstoffdosis.Peer Reviewe

    Wissenschaftliche BegrĂŒndung der STIKO fĂŒr die COVID-19-Impfempfehlung fĂŒr Kinder im Alter von 6 Monaten bis 4 Jahren sowie zur Anpassung der COVID-19-Impfempfehlung fĂŒr Kinder im Alter von 5 – 11 Jahren

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    Am 19.10.2022 wurden in der EU die mRNA-Impfstoffe Comirnaty und Spikevax fĂŒr die Grundimmunisierung gegen COVID-19 im Kleinkindalter zugelassen. Comirnaty wird in einer Dosierung von 3 ÎŒg mit einem 3-Dosenimpfschema fĂŒr Kinder im Alter von 6 Monaten bis 4 Jahren bereitgestellt. Spikevax ist in einer Dosierung von 25 ÎŒg mit einem 2-Dosenimpfschema fĂŒr Kinder im Alter von 6 Monaten bis 5 Jahren zugelassen. Die STIKO gibt einen Überblick ĂŒber die wissenschaftlichen Daten aus den Zulassungsstudien der beiden mRNA-Impfstoffe fĂŒr Kleinkinder im Alter von 6 Monaten bis 4 bzw. 5 Jahren und hat geprĂŒft, ob somit fĂŒr diese Altersgruppe eine Impfempfehlung ausgesprochen werden soll. Zum anderen hat die STIKO vor dem Hintergrund der aktuellen EviÂŹdenzlage ihre Impfempfehlungen fĂŒr Kinder im Alter von 5 bis 11 Jahren angepasst. Dies betrifft vor allem die Grundimmunisierung immungesunder Kinder dieser Altersgruppe, in deren Umfeld sich Angehörige oder andere Kontaktpersonen mit hohem Risiko fĂŒr einen schweren COVID-19-Verlauf befinden.Peer Reviewe

    Restrictive prescription of antibiotics in preterm infants with premature rupture of membranes

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    Background: In preterm infants with premature rupture of membranes, antibiotic treatment is frequently started but rates of early onset sepsis are lower. In line with national guidelines, a stratified approach in the decision to start antibiotic treatment using maternal history, clinical impression and biomarkers has been implemented in our level III neonatal center and its results are evaluated. - Methods: Retrospective cohort study of all preterm newborns with rupture of membranes at least 1 h prior to delivery admitted to our tertiary neonatal intensive care unit. Data on antibiotic exposure, mortality and major neonatal complications were extracted from the electronic patient charts to evaluate the effects and safety of our stratified approach. - Results: Four hundred fifty-six infants met the inclusion criteria. 120 (26%) received primary antibiotics whereas 336 (74%) did not. Of those receiving primary antibiotics, 13 (11%) had a blood culture positive sepsis, 46 (38%) met the criteria of clinical sepsis and in 61 (51%) sepsis was ruled out and antibiotics were stopped after 48-96 h. All infants with blood culture positive sepsis were identified and treated within the first 24 h of life using this approach. None of the 336 infants who were not started on antibiotics primarily needed antibiotic therapy within the first 5 days of life. There were no deaths or major neonatal complications in the group that did not receive empiric antibiotics. - Conclusions: Our stratified approach for preterm infants with premature rupture of membranes allows a safe reduction of antibiotic exposure even in this high risk population. As a result, only 25% of high risk preterm newborns are treated with antibiotics of which more than half receive less than 5 days of treatment. To treat one infant with blood culture positive sepsis, only 9 infants receive empiric antibiotics

    SARS-CoV-2 transmissions in students and teachers: seroprevalence follow-up study in a German secondary school in November and December 2020

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    Objective To quantify the number of undetected SARS-CoV-2 infections in educational settings.Design Serial SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence study before and during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic.Setting Secondary school in Dresden, Germany.Participants Grade 8–12 students and their teachers were invited to participate in serial blood sampling and SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody assessment.Main outcome measure Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in study population.Results 247 students and 55 teachers participated in the initial study visit and 197 students and 40 teachers completed follow-up. Seroprevalence increased from 1.7% (0.3–3.3) to 6.8% (3.8–10.1) during the study period mirroring the increase of officially reported SARS-CoV-2 infections during this time. The ratio of undetected to detected SARS-CoV-2 infections ranged from 0.25 to 0.33.Conclusions We could not find evidence of relevant silent, asymptomatic spread of SARS-CoV-2 in schools neither in a low prevalence setting nor during the second wave of the pandemic, making it unlikely that educational settings play a crucial role in driving the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.Trial registration number DRKS00022455
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