Beneficial effects of artichoke on liver phosphatidate phosphohydrolase and plasma lipids in rats fed by lipogenic diet

Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) is full of natural antioxidants and has a lipid-lowering effect. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of artichoke on the liver phosphatidate phosphohydrolase, plasma lipid levels, plasma malondialdehyde, and plasma antioxidant in rats fed by lipogenic diet. Male rats were fed by standard pellet diet (group I), standard diet supplemented with 10 artichoke (group II), lipogenic diet (containing sunflower oil, cholesterol and ethanol) plus 10 artichoke (group III) and only lipogenic diet (group IV). On day 60 of the experiment, liver phosphatidate phosphohydrolase activity, liver triglyceride, plasma lipids, plasma malondialdehyde, and plasma antioxidant levels were measured. Phosphatidate phosphohydrolase activity, liver triglyceride, the ratio of total cholesterol to high density lipoprotein cholesterol, plasma total cholesterol and triglyceride levels were significantly decreased due to artichoke treatment in groups II and III compared to groups I and IV, respectively. Significant reduction in plasma malondialdehyde and significant elevation in plasma antioxidant power observed in groups II and III compared to groups I and IV, respectively. The results clearly indicated that artichoke can be useful for the reduction of phosphatidate phosphohydrolase activity and liver triglyceride. Also, artichoke has beneficial effects in the controlling of hyperlipidemia, abnormalities in lipid profiles and oxidative stress in hyperlipidemic regimes

Effect of garlic on liver phosphatidate phosphohydrolase and plasma lipid levels in hyperlipidemic rats

Studies on the effects of garlic (Allium sativum) on hyperlipidemia have demonstrated somewhat controversial results and there have been few studies on its enzymatic mechanism. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of garlic on the liver phosphatidate phosphohydrolase (PAP) activity, plasma lipid levels, malondialdehyde (MDA) and plasma antioxidant in rats fed either by normal or high-lipogenic diet with or without garlic. Male Wistar rats were fed by standard pellet diet (group I), standard diet supplemented with 4% garlic (group II), lipogenic diet (containing sunflower oil, cholesterol and ethanol) plus 4% garlic (group III) and only lipogenic diet (group IV). Results showed that garlic significantly reduced total cholesterol (TC), plasma triglyceride (TG), LDL-C, VLDL-C, liver triglyceride, plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) and elevated plasma antioxidant in garlic treated rats (groups II and III) compared to group IV (lipogenic diet group). Also, liver PAP activity was decreased in group II than group I whereas, the decrease in its activity in groups III and IV was due to the accumulation of triglyceride in liver. Therefore, the results are clearly indicative of the beneficial effects of garlic in reducing lateral side effects of hyperlipidemia. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Beneficial effects of artichoke on liver phosphatidate phosphohydrolase and plasma lipids in rats fed by lipogenic diet

Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) is full of natural antioxidants and has a lipid-lowering effect.  The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of artichoke on the liver phosphatidate phosphohydrolase, plasma lipid levels, plasma malondialdehyde, and plasma antioxidant in rats fed by lipogenic diet. Male rats were fed by standard pellet diet (group I), standard diet supplemented with 10% artichoke (group II), lipogenic diet (containing sunflower oil, cholesterol and ethanol) plus 10% artichoke (group III) and only lipogenic diet (group IV). On day 60 of the experiment, liver phosphatidate phosphohydrolase activity, liver triglyceride, plasma lipids, plasma malondialdehyde, and plasma antioxidant levels were measured. Phosphatidate phosphohydrolase activity, liver triglyceride, the ratio of total cholesterol to high density lipoprotein cholesterol, plasma total cholesterol and triglyceride levels were significantly decreased due to artichoke treatment in groups II and III compared to groups I and IV, respectively. Significant reduction in plasma malondialdehyde and significant elevation in plasma antioxidant power observed in groups II and III compared to groups I and IV, respectively. The results clearly indicated that artichoke can be useful for the reduction of phosphatidate phosphohydrolase activity and liver triglyceride. Also, artichoke has beneficial effects in the controlling of hyperlipidemia, abnormalities in lipid profiles and oxidative stress in hyperlipidemic regimes.

عوارض رحمی آمنوره و اولیگومنوره (احتباس طمث) در طب سنّتی ایران

Amenorrhea and oligomenorrhea are the most prevalent menstruation disorder in the world and also in Iran. In Iranian traditional medicine amenorrhea, oligomenorrhea and also hypomenorrhea have been known just as ”Ehteebas tams”. From the perspective of Iranian traditional medicine, Amenorrhea enables to induce numerous complications on brain, respiratory system, uterus and other organs. Uterus complication of amenorrhea consists of infertility, uterus strangulation (Ekhtenagh rahem), uterus inflammation (varam rahem) and Anatomical changes of the uterus (Mayalan rahem). In this paper, uterine diseases due to amenorrhea and their mechanism is studied. Investigation of these disease complications and its effects on body and uterus in Iranian traditional medicine emphasize on treatment importance and causing of regular and normal menstruation.از شایع‌ترین اختلالات قاعدگی در دنیا و هم‎چنین ایران، آمنوره و اولیگومنوره است. در مکتب طب سنّتی ایران قطع قاعدگی، تأخیر قاعدگی و هم‎چنین کاهش میزان خونریزی قاعدگی، «احتباس طمث» نامیده می‌شود. بر طبق آموزه‌های این مکتب‏ احتباس طمث می‌تواند عوارض فراوانی بر ارگان‌هایی مانند مغز، سیستم تنفسی، رحم و سایر اندام‏ها بر جا بگذارد. مهمترین عوارض رحمی احتباس طمث شامل ناباروری، اختناق رحم، ورم رحم، میلان رحم هستند. در این مقاله بیماری‌های رحمی ایجاد شده به دنبال احتباس طمث و مکانیسم ایجاد این عوارض مطالعه می‌شود. بررسی عوارض گسترده احتباس طمث و آثار سوء آن‌ها بر بدن و رحم، اهمیت درمان این اختلال را بیش از پیش نشان می‏دهد و لزوم برقراری خون قاعدگی به‌طور طبیعی را یادآور می‌شود

Hepatoprotective action of echinophora platyloba DC leaves against acute toxicity of acetaminophen in rats

Context: Acetaminophen, an analgesic and antipyretic drug, causes fulminant hepatic injury at high doses. Objective: This study evaluated the effects of Echinophora platyloba extract on acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Materials and methods: Forty-eight rats were divided into six groups. The first (control) and second (test without treatment) groups were administered the solvent of the drug in the morning (08:00) and evening (16:00) on days 1 and 2 but, the third, fourth, and fifth groups received 200, 500, and 1,000 mg/kg b.w E. platyloba extract by gavage on the same days, respectively. The sixth group (positive control) received 200 mg/kg b.w silymarin. Then all groups, except the control group, received 400 mg/kg acetaminophen by gavage on day 2 (10:00). After 24 hr, serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), malondialdehyde (MDA), and antioxidant capacity plus liver catalase (CAT) activity and histopathological studies were determined. Data were analyzed with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: Treatment of rats with different doses of E. platyloba extract significantly reduced (p < .05) the elevated serum levels of ALT, AST, ALP, and MDA compared to the untreated group. The effects of 1,000 mg/kg E. platyloba were similar to the control and treated silymarin groups. Moreover, E. platyloba significantly increased the activity of liver CAT and serum antioxidant capacity at different doses. Also, E. platyloba extract improved liver histopathological changes compared with the respective control group. Conclusion: The results suggest that E. platyloba extract has impressive hepatoprotective effects on acute acetaminophen-induced liver injuries. © 2014 Informa Healthcare USA, Inc

Nephroprotective and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Pistacia atlantica Leaf Hydroethanolic Extract Against Gentamicin-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats

Gentamicin in overdose can lead to tubular injury and kidney dysfunction. Some antioxidants can protect kidneys against nephrotoxicity. This study was undertaken to evaluate the protective effects of Pistacia atlantica (P. atlantica) leaf hydroethanolic extract against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Forty rats were divided into five groups: the first group received a daily intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of normal saline. The second group received gentamicin (120 mg/kg, i.p.). The third, fourth, and fifth groups were orally treated with 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg of P. atlantica leaf hydroethanolic extract, respectively, and they also received gentamicin (120 mg/kg, i.p.). After seven days, serum malondialdehyde (MDA), creatinine (Cr), urea, uric acid, lipids profile, protein carbonyl (PC), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were determined. Also, a piece of kidney was used to determine catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, vitamin C, the gene expression of TNF-α, and for subsequent histopathological studies. Treatment with P. atlantica leaf hydroethanolic extract resulted in a significant increase (p < 0.05) in CAT, SOD, vitamin C, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and significantly decreased (p < 0.05) the levels of Cr, urea, uric acid, MDA, PC, triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, TNF-α protein, and the gene expression of TNF-α compared with the untreated group. Histopathological studies show that in lymphocyte infiltration, remarkable reduction was observed in P. atlantica leaf hydroethanolic extract-treated groups, compared with the untreated group. The present study suggests that P. atlantica leaf hydroethanolic extract has protective effects against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicit

The Impact of Traditional Medicine-Based Lifestyle and Diet on Infertility Treatment in Women Undergoing Assisted Reproduction: A Randomized Controlled Trial

The problem of infertility is growing rapidly in the world. Traditional medicine with thousands of years of history has claimed that it can treat some kinds of infertility using nutritional and lifestyle modifications and interventions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a traditional medicine-oriented diet and lifestyle on infertility treatment. Based on a clinical trial study, 180 infertile women who were 20-40 years old and candidates for in vitro fertilization (IVF) were randomly assigned to 2 groups: An intervention group and a control group. The intervention group used diet and lifestyle recommendations based on Iranian traditional medicine for at least 3 months. The number of ova, mature ovum number, embryo number, embryo quality, and fertilization rate were significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group (for all items; p < 0.05). Overall pregnancy rate was significantly higher in the intervention group (35.2 vs. 12.4; odds ratio OR, 3.8; 95% CI, 1.8-8.3). The intervention group had a higher rate of getting spontaneous pregnancy than the control group (20.9 vs. 2.2%; OR, 11.5; 95% CI, 2.6-50.9). Chemical pregnancy was significantly higher in the intervention group (64 vs. 27.5%; OR, 4.7; 95% CI, 1.9-11.6). Diet and lifestyle modifications based on traditional medicine can contribute greatly to the infertility treatment. Thus, many infertility cases can be treated without the need to use advanced methods. In case of using assisted reproductive techniques, traditional medicine can enhance the efficiency of these methods

مروری برسوختگی و درمان آن از دیدگاه طب سنتی ایران

Burns are the fourth most common type of trauma worldwide. Generally burns are classified in to thermal, electrical, and chemical. Burns are affecting life of the person in a various aspects.&nbsp; In Traditional sources Burns, entitled "Burn" and "Harqh" is discussed. Burn is the main and acute disease that is created suddenly from external causes. The symptoms are varied based on&nbsp;&nbsp; severity and duration of contact with the heat source, and It can cause Su’e Mizaj (imbalance temperament), Separation, edema, ulcers and wounds, and in extreme cases even cause deformation and loss of the injured part of body. Burn is classified into 7 groups based on its causes in traditional medicine. The main symptoms of burn are including Erythema (Homrat), blisters (Nafat) and pain. Traditional treatments include topical treatments and special diets, and in some cases is Phlebotomy. The study of philosophers in the field of traditional medicine resources in causes, symptoms and treatment of burns can help to find more efficient ways of treatment for this global problem.سوختگی، چهارمین علت شایع تروما در سطح جهان است. سوختگی‏ها عموماً به گرمایی، الکتریکی و شیمیایی طبقه بندی می‏شوند. سوختگی از جنبه‏های مختلف، زندگی فرد مبتلا را تحت تأثیر قرارمی‏دهد. در منابع طب سنتی سوختگی تحت عنوان «سوختگی» و «حرق» مورد بحث قرار گرفته است. سوختگی مرضی اصلی و حاد است که دفعتاً و در اثر افزایش حرارت از اسباب خارجی ایجاد می‏شود که بنابر شدت و طول زمان تماس با منبع حرارت علایم متفاوت است و می‌تواند باعث سوءمزاج، تفرق اتصال، ورم، ایجاد زخم و جراحت و در موارد شدید حتی باعث تغییر شکل و از بین رفتن عضو آسیب دیده گردد. سوختگی درمنابع طب سنتی بر اساس عامل ایجاد کننده آن به 7 گروه تقسیم می‏شود. علایم اصلی زخم سوختگی شامل قرمزی (حمرت)، تاول (آبله یا نفاط) و درد می‌باشد. درمان‌های ارائه شده در طب سنتی شامل درمان‌های موضعی و رژیم‌های غذایی خاص و در بعضی موارد فصد می‌باشد. امید است مطالعه و بررسی آرای حکما در منابع طب سنتی در زمینه اسباب و علایم و درمان‌های سوختگی، راهگشا و پیش زمینه‌ای برای یافتن شیوه‌های درمانی کار آمدتر برای این معضل جهانی باشد

تهوع و استفراغ بارداری و مروری بر علل و اسباب و درمان‌های آن در طب سنتی ایران

Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy are among the most common complications of pregnancy affecting almost more than half of the pregnant women. In modern medicine nausea and vomiting in pregnancy are attributed to changes in hormones and pressure on the stomach due to the enlargement of the uterus. Modern treatments include non-medicinal treatments (including diets) and medications like Pyridoxine and Corticosteroids. Since in modern medicine possible causes for such a problem are not fully known, therefore its treatment could be difficult with unidentified effects on fetal health. Iranian Traditional medicine, which is a holistically-oriented medical school, has special attitudes towards diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Gynaecological diseases have always been at the foci of traditional medicine practitioners and in many cases different safe treatment methods have been recommended by traditional medicine. This study is a systematic review scrutinizing issues concerning nausea and vomiting during pregnancy based on reliable sources in Traditional Medicine which was conducted following the categorization and analysis of the gleaned data. In this research at first vomiting and nausea were defined according to Traditional Medicine approaches; then the aetiologies and treatment procedures of them were presented. Overall, based on approaches by the Iranian Traditional Medicine, nausea and vomiting in pregnancy can be due to causes such as increasing of waste materials in the body due to the cessation of menstruation in pregnancy, penetration of such waste materials into the stomach (since there is a relationship between stomach and uterus), and a less fetal demand for menstrual blood during the first three months of pregnancy. Recommended treatments include: lowering the waste production in the body and their disposition in the stomach, strengthening the stomach, and taking medications to alleviate nausea and vomiting. Regarding the fact that treatments in traditional medicine mostly hinge upon principles of prevention, correcting diets and life style along with effective and less problematic therapeutic measures it seems that traditional medicine can be an efficient treatment which can alleviate pregnancy complications. This study is an attempt to review different approaches in traditional medicine concerning the aetiology of this disorder along with its treatments in order to help pregnant women relieved significantly from the great discomfort associated with nausea and vomiting during pregnancy.تهوع و استفراغ بارداری یکی از شایع‌ترین عوارض بارداری است به طوری‌که بیش از نیمی از زنان باردار را مبتلا می‌کند. در طب نوین مهم‌ترین علت تهوع و استفراغ بارداری تغييرات هورموني در طول بارداري و فشار به معده ناشی از بزرگی رحم مي‌باشد.به طور کلی در طب نوین درمان‌ها شامل درمان‌های غیردارویی (ازجمله رژیم‌های غذایی) و درمان‏های دارویی مانند پیریدوکسین و كورتيكوستروئيدها مي‌باشند. از آن‌جاکه علت این عارضه در طب نوین کاملاً شناخته شده نیست درمان آن مشکل و تأثیر آن بر روی سلامتی جنین نامشخص است. طب سنّتی ایران که یک مکتب طبی کل‌نگر است، دیدگاه‌های ویژه‌ای در تشخیص و درمان بیماری‌ها داشته و در این میان، بیماری‌های زنان و زایمان همواره مورد توجه حکما بوده است و در بسیاری موارد روش‌های درمانی متعدد و کم خطری برای هر بیماری مطرح شده است. روش‌ها: مطالعه حاضر مطالعه‌ای مروری است که در آن مطالب مربوط به تهوع واستفراغ بارداری از کتب معتبر طب سنتی مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است و پس از تجزیه و تحلیل، جمع‌بندی و دسته‌بندی صورت پذیرفت. یافته‌ها:در این تحقیق در ابتدا به تعریف «قی» و «غثیان»از دیدگاه طب سنتی پرداخته شده و سپس اسباب و علل و درمان‌های تهوع و استفراغ بارداری از دید حکمامطرح شده است. به طور كلي دلایل عمده بیان شده در رابطه با تهوع و استفراغ بارداری از دیدگاه طب سنتی ایران شامل:افزایش مواد زاید در بدن به دلیل قطع خون قاعدگی در طی بارداری و ریختن این مواد به معده (به دلیل مشارکت بین معده و رحم) و نیاز کم جنین به دم طمثی (خون قاعدگی) در سه ماهه اول بارداری می‌باشد. درمان‌های ذکر شده در این رابطه به طور کلی شامل کاهش تولید فضول و مواد اضافی دربدن، اخراج مواد زاید از معده،تقویت معده واستفاده از مسکنات قی و غثیان می‌باشد. بحث و نتیجه‌گیری: با توجه به این که درمان‌های طب سنتی مبتنی بر اصول پیش‌گیری و اصلاح تغذیه و تصحیح سبک زندگی می‏باشد و روش‌های درمانی آن مؤثر و کم عارضه بوده به نظر می‌رسد طب سنتی بتواند پاسخگوی مناسبی برای درمان و کاهش عوارض بارداری باشد. این تحقیق بر آن است که مروری بر دیدگاه طب سنّتی در علل و اسباب به وجودآورنده این بیماری و درمان‌های آن داشته و بتواند راهگشایی برای زنان باردار در رابطه با تهوع و استفراغ آن‌ها باشد