ROLE OF OXIDATIVE STRESS AND T CELL HOMING IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF MURINE SYNGENEIC GRAFT-VERSUS-HOST DISEASE

Syngeneic graft-versus-host disease (SGVHD) is induced by reconstituting lethally irradiated mice with syngeneic BM cells followed by a 21 day treatment with the immunosuppressive agent cyclosporine A (CsA). Clinical symptoms of the disease appear 2-3 weeks following cessation of CsA therapy and disease-associated inflammation occurs primarily in the colon and liver. The development of SGVHD is a complex process resulting from the cooperative interaction of multiple effector cell populations including NK cells, T cells and macrophages. TH1 cytokines (IL-12, TNF-α, IFN- γ), produced by these effector cells, serve as inflammatory mediators contributing to the pathogenesis of SGVHD. The SGVHD conditioning agents, irradiation and CsA, are both required for the development of disease and contribute to the production of oxidative stress. Time course studies revealed increased reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), as well as, increased colon mRNA levels for TNF-α and iNOS in CsA-treated versus control BMT animals. Since ROS/RNS are known to mediate CsA toxicity, studies were undertaken to determine the effect of oxidative stress on the induction of SGVHD. In vivo treatment with the antioxidant MnTBAP caused a reduction in colon mRNA levels for iNOS and TNF-α, as well as delayed disease development, suggesting a role for oxidative stress in the development of SGVHD. In addition, CD4+ T cells have been shown to play an important role in the inflammatory response observed in the gut of SGVHD mice. Time course studies revealed significant increases in the migration of CD4+ T cells as early as day 14 post- BMT into the colon of CsA mice as well as significant elevated mRNA levels of cell adhesion molecules. Homing studies revealed that a labeled CD4+ T cell line, generated from SGVHD mice, migrated in larger numbers into the gut of CsA-treated mice compared to control animals. This study demonstrated that CD4+ T cells responsible for the pathogenesis observed in murine SGVHD are present early after BMT in colons of CsA-treated mice, suggesting that during the 21 days of immunosuppression therapy functional mechanisms are in place that result in increased homing of effector cells to colons of CsA-treated mice

Los hábitos alimenticios en los estudiantes del tercer grado de educación primaria de la Institución Educativa Bilingüe N° 0787 – comunidad Boca de Shambuyacu del distrito de Lamas, provincia de Lamas, región San Martín -2013

El trabajo de investigación denominado: “Los hábitos alimenticios en los estudiantes del tercer grado de educación primaria de la Institución Educativa Bilingüe N° 0787 – Comunidad Boca de Shambuyacu”, tuvo como objetivo general, identificar los hábitos alimenticios que presentan estos alumnos, para lo cual se hizo uso del diseño descriptivo simple trabajándose con una muestra de 8 alumnos. La presente investigación permite dar a conocer acerca de cómo los patrones culturales afectan los hábitos alimenticios en los, así como podemos intervenir en los hábitos alimenticios para la prevención de las enfermedades crónicas como la anemia. Para el recojo y procesamiento de la información se aplicó un cuestionario, lo cual permitió darle la confiabilidad respectiva para ser aplicados a los alumnos y comprendidos en la muestra de estudio. Los resultados obtenidos fueron sistematizados y procesados a través de la estadística descriptiva, para luego llegar a la discusión de los mismos y finalmente arribar a las conclusiones y sugerencias respectivas. Los hábitos alimenticios son importantes, para mantenernos sanos y fuertes, para ello se necesita llevar una alimentación adecuada. No sólo es importante la cantidad de alimentos que comemos, sino también su calidad, ya que ambas influyen en el mantenimiento adecuado de nuestra salud

Corrosion studies of different ferrous alloys for rolling cylinders

peer reviewedThe aim of this work is to study the corrosion behaviour in chloride media of a high chromium iron alloy. The influence of the surface finishing as well as the heat treatment was analysed. The technique employed for measuring the corrosion behaviour was the Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy, an electrochemical technique that allows the observation not only of the corrosion rates but also the changes on the corrosion mechanism of the alloy. The results showed that it is worth performing a double tempering and a having smoother surface finishing only for long exposure periods. A comparison between different oxidising conditions was also performed simulating the life in service of the hot rolling cylinders and revealed an increase in the protective properties as the oxidising time increased due to the chromium present on the alloy (18%). (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Habilidades sociales en los estudiantes del 5° grado en la I.E. N° 30516 “Mariscal Castilla” Tarma – 2019

La presente investigación titulada: Habilidades sociales en los estudiantes del 5° grado en la I.E. N° 30516 “Mariscal Castilla” Tarma – 2019, tiene como enfoque cuantitativo al estudio de las habilidades para postetriormente compararlo con el rendimiento académico para llevarlo a un siendo de modelo correlacional desde nuestra investigación descriptive, aplicada a estudiantes de aproximadamente 9 y 10 años de una institución de educación primaria estatal teniendo una muestra de 55 estudiantes, estudio no probabilístico de corte transversal debido a que recabó información en un momento único y en base a esa información se elaboraron los resultados. El tema en si es de interés actual ya que las habilidades sociales son muy importantes para el desarrollo de los niños, sabiendo que en la actualidad no se tiene un concepto generalizado, debido a que la mayoría de autores de esta temática consideran que las características que definen a un comportamiento como exitoso socialmente, dependen enteramente del contexto en el cual se usa, pero en nuestro entorno muy diverso temenos que acogernos a multiples actitudes y procederes de los estudiantes. Para conocer las características y niveles de las habilidades sociales, es necesario, saber cómo se adquieren y refuerzan y se extinguen las conductas socialmente habilidosas, para de esta manera poder determinar el momento ocurrió, en los niños de la zona, también puede ser la configuración en su repertorio conductual de conductas desadaptativas

Gestión administrativa y contratación de obras de reconstrucción con cambios de una región del norte del Perú

En la presente investigación se planteó como objetivo general determinar la relación que existe entre la gestión administrativa y la contratación de obras de Reconstrucción con Cambios en una región del norte del Perú. La investigación fue desarrollada tipo básica teniendo un enfoquecuantitativo con un diseño no experimental, descriptivo correlacional, teniendo una muestra de 30 colaboradores la técnica que se utilizó para recopilar la información fue la encuesta y como instrumento el cuestionario que está conformado por 24 items para la variable de gestión administrativa y 17 items para la variable de contratación de obras. Los resultados muestran que el 66.7% de los colaboradores es regular, con respecto al a relación de las variables el valor de Pearson es de 0,865, indicando que existe una alta relación significativa entre la gestión administrativa y la contratación de obras dereconstrucción con cambios de una región norte del Perú, siendo este que a un mayor nivel de gestión administrativa, mejor será la contratación de obras dereconstrucción con cambios, concluyendo que la gestión administrativa es un elemento importante para la mejora en las contrataciones de obras y así lograr un mejor proceso de contratación y resultado de obras

Extracurricular Activities and Academic Achievement in Fourth Grade Students

This action research project will investigate the relationship between participation in extracurricular activities and academic achievement of students in the fourth grade. Students’ achievement scores on the FAIR exams will be the measure of academic success. Analysis will consist of a correlation between extracurricular activities and academic success

A chromosome-level genome assembly of a free-living white-crowned sparrow (Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii)

The white-crowned sparrow, Zonotrichia leucophrys, is a passerine bird with a wide distribution and it is extensively adapted to environmental changes. It has historically acted as a model species in studies on avian ecology, physiology and behaviour. Here, we present a high-quality chromosome-level genome of Zonotrichia leucophrys using PacBio and OmniC sequencing data. Gene models were constructed by combining RNA-seq and Iso-seq data from liver, hypothalamus, and ovary. In total a 1,123,996,003 bp genome was generated, including 31 chromosomes assembled in complete scaffolds along with other, unplaced scaffolds. This high-quality genome assembly offers an important genomic resource for the research community using the white-crowned sparrow as a model for understanding avian genome biology and development, and provides a genomic basis for future studies, both fundamental and applied.</p

Vitamin d sufficiency in hemodialysis patients and its association with nutritional and clinical parameters

Renal failure is a complicating factor in the maintenance of vitamin D adequate levels, which can interfere in the patients’ nutritional status. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] with clinical and nutritional parameters. Prevalent hemodialysis (HD) patients were submitted to a single evaluation about demographic characteristics, clinical data and laboratory measurements. Anthropometric measurements and electrical bioimpedance were performed to obtain BMI, percentage of standard MAMC (%MAMC), fat percentage (%Fat) and phase angle (PA). Deficiency was defined as a 25(OH)D level<15ng/mL, insufficiency as 15-30 ng/mL and sufficiency as>30ng/mL. Univariate models were constructed and the variables associated with 25(OH)D sufficiency were included subsequently in the multiple regression model. Statistical significance was p<0.05.One hundred twelve patients (59 male, 53 female) were included. Twenty seven (24.1%) were 25(OH)D deficient, 43 (38.4%) insufficient and 42 (37.5%) sufficient. In univariate regression, creatinin, albumin and PA were positively associated with serum 25(OH)D, while age, glucose, BMI and %MAMC were negatively associated. In multivariate regression, age and %MAMC were negatively associated with sufficiency. Most studied sample showed inadequate 25(OH)D levels. In our study, the result to be highlighted was the negative associations of 25(OH)D sufficiency with age and %MAMC, but all the findings suggest that fat interferes with vitamin D stores in HD patients

Filling in the Food Security Gaps: Examining The Farmers\u27 Market System in Norwalk, Connecticut

Farmers’ markets are seen as important venues for increasing access to nutritious food and mitigating chronic diseases. The 2016 Community Health Needs Assessment found chronic disease/obesity to be the primary health priority for the Greater Norwalk Region. In Norwalk, the prevalence of adult obesity reported in 2017 (22%) was significantly higher than the surrounding towns (11%). Farmers’ markets (FM) could be a potential approach to mitigating Norwalk’s chronic disease/obesity challenges through increasing access to nutritious food sources. While there are several small farmers’ markets held each summer in Norwalk, not much is known about the benefits and challenges of farmers’ market utilization in Norwalk from the perspectives of key stakeholders. The Norwalk Health Department hopes to increase farmers’ market usage as an approach to filling important food security gaps. The objectives of this study were as follows: Identify barriers and benefits of the Norwalk farmers’ market system from the perspective of consumers, farmers, and market managers in the Norwalk farmers’ market system, and increase community access to local, state, and federal resources.https://elischolar.library.yale.edu/ysph_pbchrr/1021/thumbnail.jp