Towards a Sociological Understanding of Irish Travellers: Introducing a People

This paper is one in a series of three papers viewing aspects of native cultures and, in this instance, will primarily define the Traveller population in Ireland, give a brief history of this population whilst discussing racism and some of its implications. There will be a particular focus on current systems of health, education and child protection in order to determine Traveller experiences of these key child and youth care related service providers in Ireland. The second paper will focus upon an examination of the experiences of aboriginal people in Canada. It will have a particular emphasis upon the marginization of aboriginal children and youth within the dominant culture. The third paper will be a comparison of the issues experienced by Traveller and Canadian aboriginal populations in terms of the helping systems. Although the culture/lifestyle of Irish Travellers is very well researched nationally, this commentary analysis seeks to provide North American readers with an introduction to Irish Travellers. However, it does so in the context of unity and diversity given that Ireland is fast approaching becoming a multi-cultural society. What is unique about the Traveller position in Irish society as opposed to other ethnic minorities is that Travellers, although native to Ireland, have a distinct but intertwined cultural history with that of the Settled population in Ireland. Although the gauntlet of unity and diversity is socially thrown down, the practical application of this through child and youth care institutions advocating multiculturalism is not being adequately achieved. The Traveller population continues to experience a social reality of marginalisation and discrimination, which has particular implications for Traveller youth and children as it defines the parameters of their socialisation

The Proper Role of Res Judicata and Collateral Estoppel in Title VII Suits

The Article proceeds from the premise, established in Part I, that federal courts must apply preclusion principles unless Congress clearly indicates otherwise. Part II considers a number of indicators of Congress\u27s intent, and finds no evidence to rebut the presumption that federal courts must give preclusive weight to certain state decisions. Part III then proposes general guidelines for the application of preclusion doctrines in title VII litigation

An Integrated Tourism Development Project: The Central Region of Ghana

The Republic of Ghana is located in West Africa approximately 750 kilometers north of the equator. As a country it has gone through a series of economic cycles but due to numerous coups, misguided economic policies, and the vagaries of international markets for export goods most growth has been short lived. Since 1990 economic growth has accelerated and the country is currently governed by an elected President and Parliament. One of the main economic development strategies in the last five years has been tourism

Field experiments with corn

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Gravitational Lenses With More Than Four Images: I. Classification of Caustics

We study the problem of gravitational lensing by an isothermal elliptical density galaxy in the presence of a tidal perturbation. When the perturbation is fairly strong and oriented near the galaxy's minor axis, the lens can produce image configurations with six or even eight highly magnified images lying approximately on a circle. We classify the caustic structures in the model and identify the range of models that can produce such lenses. Sextuple and octuple lenses are likely to be rare because they require special lens configurations, but a full calculation of the likelihood will have to include both the existence of lenses with multiple lens galaxies and the strong magnification bias that affects sextuple and octuple lenses. At optical wavelengths these lenses would probably appear as partial or complete Einstein rings, but at radio wavelengths the individual images could probably be resolved.Comment: 30 pages, including 12 postscript figures; accepted for publication in Ap