Identifying and accounting for the Coriolis Effect in satellite NO2 observations and emission estimates

Recent developments in atmospheric remote sensing from satellites have made it possible to resolve daily emission plumes from industrial point sources, around the globe. Wind rotation aggregation coupled with statistical fitting is commonly used to extract emission estimates from these observations. These methods are used here to investigate how the Coriolis Effect influences the trajectory of observed emission plumes, and to assess the impact of this influence on satellite derived emission estimates. Of the 17 industrial sites investigated, nine showed the expected curvature for the hemisphere they reside in. Five showed no or negligible curvature, and two showed opposing or unusual curvature. The sites which showed conflicting curvature all reside in topographically diverse regions, where strong meso-gamma scale (2&ndash;20 km) turbulence dominates over larger synoptic circulation patterns. For high curvature cases the assumption that the wind-rotated plume aggregate is symmetrically distributed across the downwind axis breaks down, which impairs the quality of statistical fitting procedures. Using NOx emissions from Matimba power station as a test case, not compensating for Coriolis curvature resulted in an10 underestimation of &sim; 9 % on average for years 2018 to 2021. This study is the first formal observation of the Coriolis Effect and its influence on satellite observed emission plumes, and highlight both the variability of emission calculation methods and the need for a standardised scheme for this data to act as evidence for regulators.</p

Double-layer shocks in a magnetized quantum plasma

The formation of small but finite amplitude electrostatic shocks in the propagation of quantum ion-acoustic waves (QIAWs) obliquely to an external magnetic field is reported in a quantum electron-positron-ion (e-p-i) plasma. Such shocks are seen to have double-layer (DL) structures composed of the compressive and accompanying rarefactive slow-wave fronts. Existence of such DL shocks depends critically on the quantum coupling parameter $H$ associated with the Bohm potential and the positron to electron density ratio $\delta$. The profiles may, however, steepen initially and reach a steady state with a number of solitary waves in front of the shocks. Such novel DL shocks could be a good candidate for particle acceleration in intense laser-solid density plasma interaction experiments as well as in compact astrophysical objects, e.g., magnetized white dwarfs.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figure (to appear in Physical Review E

Quantum effects in linear and non-linear transport of T-shaped ballistic junction

We report low-temperature transport measurements of three-terminal T-shaped device patterned from GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructure. We demonstrate the mode branching and bend resistance effects predicted by numerical modeling for linear conductance data. We show also that the backscattering at the junction area depends on the wave function parity. We find evidence that in a non-linear transport regime the voltage of floating electrode always increases as a function of push-pull polarization. Such anomalous effect occurs for the symmetric device, provided the applied voltage is less than the Fermi energy in equilibrium

Influence of the single-particle Zeeman energy on the quantum Hall ferromagnet at high filling factors

In a recent paper [B. A. Piot et al., Phys. Rev. B 72, 245325 (2005)], we have shown that the lifting of the electron spin degeneracy in the integer quantum Hall effect at high filling factors should be interpreted as a magnetic-field-induced Stoner transition. In this work, we extend the analysis to investigate the influence of the single-particle Zeeman energy on the quantum Hall ferromagnet at high filling factors. The single-particle Zeeman energy is tuned through the application of an additional in-plane magnetic field. Both the evolution of the spin polarization of the system and the critical magnetic field for spin splitting are well described as a function of the tilt angle of the sample in the magnetic field.Comment: Published in Phys. Rev.

Quantized Dispersion of Two-Dimensional Magnetoplasmons Detected by Photoconductivity Spectroscopy

We find that the long-wavelength magnetoplasmon, resistively detected by photoconductivity spectroscopy in high-mobility two-dimensional electron systems, deviates from its well-known semiclassical nature as uncovered in conventional absorption experiments. A clear filling-factor dependent plateau-type dispersion is observed that reveals a so far unknown relation between the magnetoplasmon and the quantum Hall effect.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure

Exact solution of the Zeeman effect in single-electron systems

Contrary to popular belief, the Zeeman effect can be treated exactly in single-electron systems, for arbitrary magnetic field strengths, as long as the term quadratic in the magnetic field can be ignored. These formulas were actually derived already around 1927 by Darwin, using the classical picture of angular momentum, and presented in their proper quantum-mechanical form in 1933 by Bethe, although without any proof. The expressions have since been more or less lost from the literature; instead, the conventional treatment nowadays is to present only the approximations for weak and strong fields, respectively. However, in fusion research and other plasma physics applications, the magnetic fields applied to control the shape and position of the plasma span the entire region from weak to strong fields, and there is a need for a unified treatment. In this paper we present the detailed quantum-mechanical derivation of the exact eigenenergies and eigenstates of hydrogen-like atoms and ions in a static magnetic field. Notably, these formulas are not much more complicated than the better-known approximations. Moreover, the derivation allows the value of the electron spin gyromagnetic ratio $g_s$ to be different from 2. For completeness, we then review the details of dipole transitions between two hydrogenic levels, and calculate the corresponding Zeeman spectrum. The various approximations made in the derivation are also discussed in details.Comment: 18 pages, 4 figures. Submitted to Physica Script

Towards quality control in cancer chemotherapy.

A survey of all hospital pharmacies in the former North Western Regional Health Authority has revealed that hospital personnel continue to prepare cytotoxic drugs in suboptimal conditions, despite the widespread introduction of pharmacy cytotoxic reconstitution services. Other concerns include the lack of formal training for medical staff in the administration of these agents and the frequent absence of written procedures for dealing with extravasation and chemotherapy errors

Finding binaries from phase modulation of pulsating stars with \textit{Kepler}: VI. Orbits for 10 new binaries with mischaracterised primaries

Measuring phase modulation in pulsating stars has proved to be a highly successful way of finding binary systems. The class of pulsating main-sequence A and F variables known as delta Scuti stars are particularly good targets for this, and the \textit{Kepler} sample of these has been almost fully exploited. However, some \textit{Kepler} $\delta$ Scuti stars have incorrect temperatures in stellar properties catalogues, and were missed in previous analyses. We used an automated pulsation classification algorithm to find 93 new $\delta$ Scuti pulsators among tens of thousands of F-type stars, which we then searched for phase modulation attributable to binarity. We discovered 10 new binary systems and calculated their orbital parameters, which we compared with those of binaries previously discovered in the same way. The results suggest that some of the new companions may be white dwarfs.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures that make liberal use of colou