Esophagogastric Ulcer in Pigs on Commercial Farms

Intensive swine production in modern conditions of breeding and use of technological processes has influenced the occurrence of wide range of breeding and technopathy diseases. One of the most abundant breeding diseases declared in literature as an independent disease is esophagogastric ulcer characterized by erosions and ulcers in mostly esophagogastric part and rarely in mucous part of stomach. Esophagogastric ulcer is a disease of multifactorial etiology caused by genetic predisposition, diet, and presence of certain pathogenic microorganisms (for example Helicobacter pylori). The goal of our research was to examine the frequency of esophagogastric ulcer in pigs on commercial farms. One commercial farm has its own slaughterhouse for producing meat of fattened pigs. In our experiment we used 103 pigs in fattening with body weight between 100 and 107 kg and aged from 6 to 7 months. In the process line of slaughterhouse we established thickening of esophageal surface, hyperkeratosis, nonstructural yellow surface in 37 of total of 103 animals, while erosion of esophageal part of stomach, surface damage which does not include damage of muscular layer of mucous membrane, was present in 29 of 103 animals. Ulcers of esophageal part of stomach which affect total thickness of mucosal membrane were present in 4 of 103 examined animals

Model for Quantitative Estimation of Functionality Influence on the Final Value of a Software Product

The gap between software development requirements and available resources of software developers continues to widen. This requires changes in the development and organization of software development. This study introduced a quantitative software development management methodology that estimates the relative importance and risk of functionality retention or abundance, which determines the final value of the software product. The final value of a software product is interpreted as a function of its requirements and functionalities, represented as a computational graph (called a software product graph). The software product graph allows the relative importance of functionalities to be estimated by calculating the corresponding partial derivatives of the value function. The risk of not implementing functionality was estimated by reducing the product's final value. This model was applied to two EU projects, CareHD and vINCI. In vINCI, functionalities with the most significant added value to the application are developed based on the implemented model, and those related to the least value are abandoned. Optimization was not implemented in the CareHD project, and proceeded as initially designed. Consequently, only 71% of the CareHD potential value was achieved. The proposed model enables rational management and organization of software product development with real-time quantitative evaluation of functionalities impacts and, assessment of the risks of omitting them without a significant impact. Quantitative evaluation of the impacts and risks of retention or abundance is possible based on the proposed algorithm, which is the core of the model. This model is a tool for the rational organization and development of software products

The influence of the resistor temperature coefficient to the uncertainty of the temperature measurement

Papers presented to the 11th International Conference on Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics, South Africa, 20-23 July 2015.In this paper the influence of the resistor temperature coefficient to the uncertainty of the temperature measurement is presented. At the level of highest accuracy of the temperature measurements the standard platinum resistance thermometers (SPRT) in combination with an automatic resistance bridge and a standard resistor is used. The electrical resistance is like any other quantity more or less dependent on the temperature. This dependence is usually specified using the temperature coefficient, which gives the relative change of resistance, when the temperature changes for one °C. A temperature coefficient is also temperature dependent, so the relation between an electrical resistance and a temperature is given using the polynomial equations. These equations have an inflection point at a certain temperature, where the derivative of the resistance change on temperature (temperature coefficient) is equal to zero. The knowledge of the temperature of the inflection point is very important, because the use of the standard resistor at this temperature greatly reduces the influence of temperature on the electrical resistance, even if the thermal conditions are not optimal, and thus enabling low uncertainty and accurate measurements of the temperature using a SPRT. In the scope of this paper, measurements of the temperature coefficient are performed on series of a standard resistors in a wide temperature range and the temperature of the inflection point was determined for each standard resistor. All the measurements were performed by placing the resistors in an oil bath, where temperatures in the range from 19 °C to 37 °C could be precisely set. Electrical resistance of each resistor was measured using the precise automatic resistance bridge, which had its reference resistor placed in a separate thermal enclosure at constant temperature. Thus the resistor temperature coefficient of each standard resistor has been measured. It is influence to the uncertainty of the temperature measurement has been evaluated and uncertainty model presented.Measurements were performed in the scope of research activities of the Laboratory of Metrology and Quality, which is partly co-financed by Slovenian Research Agency in the frame of research programme P2-0225 Metrology and Quality and by Ministry of Economic Development and Technology, Metrology Institute of Republic Slovenia in scope of contract 6401-18/2008/70 for National standard laboratory for the field of thermodynamic temperature and humidity..am201

The main indicators of biosecurity and presence of house mouse (Mus musculus L.) in animal husbandry facilities

Analysis of biosecurity indicators at critical control points intend to prevent undesirable infections in technological chains of production. Product quality is the basis for defining a biosecurity plan under the HACCP concept. General and specific biosecurity measures developed to prevent introductions of infective materials have been at the focus of attention in Serbia in recent years. The house mouse (Mus musculus L.) is usually accused for transferring pathogens into objects. The possibility of internal infections can be reduced by removing food sources and discovering their hiding places. The adaptability of Mus musculus to various conditions has affected the search for alternatives of their control. The objective of our research was to analyze the most important indicators of biosecurity and presence of Mus musculus, the 'cause-andconsequence' characteristics and mice control by environmentally safe substances in facilities with different technological processes. Method of questionnaire was used to define written biosecurity plan, isolation of objects, control of movement and for traffic visitors. Hygiene evaluation, i.e. mechanized cleaning, sanitary washing, facility disinfection, ventilation and facility sanitation, was performed visually. The biosecurity and wellbeing of animals were evaluated by the parameters: animal hygienic conditions of rearing, forage stocks, animal biosecurity and removal of animal carcasses. Longworth traps were used for mice trapping and determination of critical control points. The efficacy of sodium selenite was found in our study to range from 71.4% to 88.8% and it provided a good alternative for Mus musculus control in different production units because it does not interfere with technological production processes within facilities or cause animal resistance. Biosecurity measures need to be implemented using clear instructions in order to reduce biorisks and increase product safety

Litters Health Status and Growth Parameters in the Sows Feeding Diets Supplemented with Probiotic Actisaf Sc 47® within Pregnancy Or Lactation

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of supplementing standard diets for pregnant and lactating sows with live yeast culture (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on their health status, as well as the health status and growth parameters of their litters during lactation. A total of 120 sows were divided into three groups: the first group was fed diets supplemented with probiotics during pregnancy (G+P, n=40), the second group was fed these diets during lactation (L+P, n=40), and the third group was the control group which was not fed diets supplemented with probiotics (C, n = 40). During the lactation period, a significantly (p<0.01) smaller proportion of probiotic treated sows (G+P=7.5%, L+P=12.5%) manifested clinical signs of the uterus and/or the udder disease in comparison with the control sows (22.5%). The incidence of infectious diarrhea in the nursing piglets was significantly (p<0.05) lower in the treated sows (12.5%) compared to the control sows (27.5 %). The average number of weaned piglets per litter (p/l) and average litter weight at weaning (lw) (G+P=11.6 p/l and 103.6 kg lw, L+P=11.1 p/l and 102.8 kg lw, C=10 p/l and 79 kg lw) were significantly higher (p<0.01 or p<0.05) in sows treated with probiotic compared to the control sows. These results clearly show that the use of probiotic significantly improves the health status of sows and nursing piglets, as well as the piglets growth parameters

PREGLED BAKTERIJSKIH I VIRUSNIH OBOLJENJA SVINJA U EKSTENZIVNOM I INTENZIVNOM NAČINU DRŽANJA

U ovom radu je dat pregled oboljenja svinja bakterijske i virusne etiologije kojamogu da budu prisutna u ekstenzivnom i intenzivnom načinu držanja. Dobrozdravlje svinja je uslov dobre reprodukcije, odnosno rentabilne proizvodnje. Zdravljezavisi od uslova držanja, nege, ishrane, kontrole i zdravstvene zaštite. Veliki brojbolesti koje su prisutne na farmama svinja industrijskog tipa, moguće je primenomprofilaktičkih i terapeutskih mera, kao i pojačanom kontrolom stručnih službi držatipod kontrolom. Odgovarajućom saradnjom vlasnika farmi sa stručnim službama, uzpoštovanje i sprovođenje stručnih saznanja, te primenom niza biotehničkih mera istavljanjem akcenta na preveniranje bolesti svinja, a u cilju promocije dobrog zdravljasvinja, moguće je unaprediti proizvodnju. U ovom preglednom radu dali smo presekoboljenja bakterijske i virusne etilogije koje se srecu na komercijalnim farmama i uekstenzivnom načinu držanja

Effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae supplementation on health and performance of dairy cows during transition and early lactation period

Data concerning the effect of probiotics supplementation on many parameters concurrently at the same cows are lacking. Therefore, the objective of this experiment was to investigate the effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae feeding on rumen, blood and milk parameters together in high- producing dairy cattle during the transition and early lactation period. Sixteen clinically healthy Holstein cows were divided into 2 groups: a control group of 6 cows and a probiotics-fed group of 10 cows. Rumen fluid and blood samples were collected 21 days before the expected calving as well as 7, 15, 30, 45 and 60 days- in-milk (DIM). Milk yield for each animal was recorded every 2 weeks. Individual milk samples were collected 15, 30, 45 and 60 DIM. Ruminal pH and rumen ammonia nitrogen were significantly lower, whereas total volatile fatty acids were significantly higher in yeast-fed animals compared with controls throughout the study. Serum concentrations of total proteins and globulins were higher, while albumins were lower in the yeast-treated group. Serum glucose levels were significantly higher in yeast-supplemented animals. Serum triglycerides, high density lipoproteins, and low density lipoproteins concentrations were lower, with cholesterol being significantly lower in the treated group. Milk production and milk fat percentage were higher, whereas milk protein percentage and somatic cell count were decreased in yeast-supplemented cows throughout the study. These results suggest that supplementation of S. cerevisiae to dairy cows rations during transition and early lactation period improve their health and milk production parameters

Improving emerging European NMIs’ capabilities in humidity measurement

The control and measurement of humidity is important for many industrial applications and to ensure the appropriate storage of materials and products. Humidity measurement techniques are diverse and each presents different challenges for use and calibration for a range of pressures and gases. Over the past few years, the development of humidity sensors and apparatus has matured to a level where traceable calibration is beneficial to all industries in which humidity and moisture measurement and control are important. This paper deals with a European project in which the overall objective is to develop or extend the measurement and research capabilities of the participating emerging NMI/DIs’ countries in the field of humidity measurements, where access to these types of facilities is currently limited