Alternatives to the deprivation of liberty in our juvenile justice system beyond the preliminary investigation procedures. The resource of restorative justice and the principle of flexibility

Uno de los principios inspiradores reconocidos universalmente de cualquier sistema de justicia juvenil refiere que la utilización de la privación de libertad debe ser el último recurso. Transcurrida la mayoría de edad de nuestra Ley Orgánica 5/2000 reguladora de la responsabilidad penal de los menores, en este trabajo se pretende analizar algunas de las opciones que nuestro sistema de justicia juvenil ofrece como alternativas a la privación de libertad de los menores infractores. Las herramientas que ofrece la justicia restaurativa permiten, como se podrá ver, que en determinadas fases del procedimiento se puedan alcanzar soluciones más adecuadas que el internamiento de menores teniendo en cuenta cual es nuestro perfil de menor en conflicto con la ley. Para ello se tienen en consideración aspectos fundamentales como son el interés superior del menor, la perspectiva educativa que se tiene que mantener en la intervención con el menor infractor y la atención a las necesidades de las víctimas.One of the universally recognized inspiring principles of any juvenile justice system refers that the use of deprivation of liberty must be the last option. After the age of majority of our Ley Orgánica 5/2000 regulating the criminal responsibility of minors, this work tries to analyze some options that our juvenile justice system offers as alternatives to the deprivation of liberty of juvenile offenders. The tools offered by restorative justice allow, as it can be seen, that there are more adequate solutions at any stage of the proceedings than the detention of minors, considering our profile of minors in conflict with the law. For this, fundamental aspects such as the best interests of the child, the educational perspective should be considered in the intervention with the minor offender and attention to the needs of the victims are taken into consideration

Talking to Others About Sexual Assault: A Narrative Analysis of Survivors' Journeys

Previous research suggested the benefits for sexual assault survivors to talk about their trauma and its mental health implications, but it remained unclear what steps sexual assault survivors need to take to be able to have these conversations. To address this gap in the literature, this study aims to explore the journeys of sexual assault survivors with the use of narrative interviews to retain the richness of the data. This study reports the findings of a narrative analysis of the accounts of six female sexual assault survivors aged between 20 and 38. The analysis provides an individual case profile for each participant, the core aspects and tone of each narrative, and a cross-case analysis. The cross-case analysis reveals an overarching theme of “the bumpy journey” within which the individual difficulties encountered are examined. The analysis also reveals the two main factors that motivated the participant to strive to make a difference for other sexual violence survivors and to improve their mental health through talking about their experiences. The implications for services providing continuous and long-term support to sexual assault survivors and clinical practices are discussed

Experiences of taking neuroleptic medication and impacts on symptoms, sense of self and agency: a systematic review and thematic synthesis of qualitative data

PURPOSE: Neuroleptic (antipsychotic) drugs reduce psychotic symptoms, but how they achieve these effects and how the drugs' effects are experienced by people who take them are less well understood. The present study describes a synthesis of qualitative data about mental and behavioural alterations associated with taking neuroleptics and how these interact with symptoms of psychosis and people's sense of self and agency. METHODS: Nine databases were searched to identify qualitative literature concerning experiences of taking neuroleptic medication. A thematic synthesis was conducted. RESULTS: Neuroleptics were commonly experienced as producing a distinctive state of lethargy, cognitive slowing, emotional blunting and reduced motivation, which impaired functioning but also had beneficial effects on symptoms of psychosis and some other symptoms (e.g. insomnia). For some people, symptom reduction helped restore a sense of normality and autonomy, but others experienced a loss of important aspects of their personality. Across studies, many people adopted a passive stance towards long-term medication, expressing a sense of resignation, endurance or loss of autonomy. CONCLUSIONS: Neuroleptic drugs modify cognition, emotions and motivation. These effects may be associated with reducing the intensity and impact of symptoms, but also affect people's sense of self and agency. Understanding how the effects of neuroleptics are experienced by those who take them is important in developing a more collaborative approach to drug treatment in psychosis and schizophrenia

Crónica de jurisprudencia penal año 2019

Atendiendo a los datos que facilita la Memoria de la Fiscalía General del Estado (2020), en la que se recoge la actividad de la Fiscalía de Medio Ambiente y Urbanismo, en el año 2019 se incoaron 126 diligencias de investigación por delitos sobre el patrimonio histórico (frente a las 120 del año anterior); los resultados de las investigaciones efectuadas por la Fiscalía arrojan la cifra de 21 sentencias condenatorias por delitos contra el patrimonio histórico frente a las 42 del año 2018. Estos datos corresponden exclusivamente a los tipos recogidos en el Capítulo II del Título XVIII del Código Penal, ello no significa que dichos datos correspondan a todos los atentados a los bienes culturales que integran el patrimonio histórico español, debido a la peculiar protección del patrimonio histórico que dispensa nuestro sistema penal, al existir un capítulo específico en el Código Penal (Capítulo II del Título XVIII) y un conjunto de tipos delictivos dispersos, que tangencialmente protegen los atentados al patrimonio histórico, como ha manifestado un importante sector doctrinal. De las bases de datos jurisprudenciales consultadas, se presenta a continuación una selección de sentencias de interés dictadas en 201

Twitter Users' Views on Mental Health Crisis Resolution Team Care Compared With Stakeholder Interviews and Focus Groups: Qualitative Analysis

BACKGROUND: Analyzing Twitter posts enables rapid access to how issues and experiences are socially shared and constructed among communities of health service users and providers, in ways that traditional qualitative methods may not. OBJECTIVE: To enrich the understanding of mental health crisis care in the United Kingdom, this study explores views on crisis resolution teams (CRTs) expressed on Twitter. We aim to identify the similarities and differences among views expressed on Twitter compared with interviews and focus groups. METHODS: We used Twitter's advanced search function to retrieve public tweets on CRTs. A thematic analysis was conducted on 500 randomly selected tweets. The principles of refutational synthesis were applied to compare themes with those identified in a multicenter qualitative interview study. RESULTS: The most popular hashtag identified was #CrisisTeamFail, where posts were principally related to poor quality of care and access, particularly for people given a personality disorder diagnosis. Posts about CRTs giving unhelpful self-management advice were common, as were tweets about resource strains on mental health services. This was not identified in the research interviews. Although each source yielded unique themes, there were some overlaps with themes identified via interviews and focus groups, including the importance of rapid access to care. Views expressed on Twitter were generally more critical than those obtained via face-to-face methods. CONCLUSIONS: Traditional qualitative studies may underrepresent the views of more critical stakeholders by collecting data from participants accessed via mental health services. Research on social media content can complement traditional or face-to-face methods and ensure that a broad spectrum of viewpoints can inform service development and policy

Loneliness in early psychosis: a qualitative study exploring the views of mental health practitioners in early intervention services

BACKGROUND: Loneliness is an important public health problem with established adverse effects on physical and mental health. Although people with psychosis often experience high levels of loneliness, relatively little is known about the relationship between loneliness and early psychosis. Potential interventions to address loneliness might be easier to implement early in the illness when social networks and social skills may be more intact than at a later stage. We investigated the views of mental health practitioners about the context and causes of loneliness in people with early psychosis, and about potential interventions. METHODS: Semi-structured face-to-face interviews were conducted with mental health practitioners (n = 20). Participants were purposively recruited from four early intervention services for first-episode psychosis in the UK. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and thematic analysis was conducted. RESULTS: Participants believed that the majority of service users with early psychosis experience feelings of loneliness. They often saw socially isolated and disconnected clients and believed them to be lonely, but rarely discussed loneliness explicitly in clinical interactions. A combination of symptoms, stigma and negative sense of self were believed to underpin loneliness. Participants could not identify any specific current interventions delivered by their services for tackling loneliness, but thought some routinely provided interventions, including social groups and psychological treatments, could be helpful. They favoured making a wider range of loneliness interventions available and believed that community agencies beyond mental health services should be involved to make these effective and feasible to deliver. They suggested social participation interventions without an explicit mental health focus as potentially promising and valued a co-produced approach to intervention development. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that loneliness is not routinely discussed in early intervention services, and a targeted strategy for tackling it is lacking. Co-produced, individualised community approaches, and interventions that target symptoms, stigma and negative self-schemas might be beneficial in alleviating loneliness for people with early psychosis. Empirical research is needed to develop and test such interventions

Tri-axial accelerometry shows differences in energy expenditure and parental effort throughout the breeding season in long-lived raptors

Cutting-edge technologies are extremely useful to develop new workflows in studying ecological data, particularly to understand animal behavior and movement trajectories at the individual level. Although parental care is a well-studied phenomenon, most studies have been focused on direct observational or video recording data, as well as experimental manipulation. Therefore, what happens out of our sight still remains unknown. Using high-frequency GPS/GSM dataloggers and tri-axial accelerometers we monitored 25 Bonelli's eagles Aquila fasciata during the breeding season to understand parental activities from a broader perspective. We used recursive data, measured as number of visits and residence time, to reveal nest attendance patterns of biparental care with role specialization between sexes. Accelerometry data interpreted as the overall dynamic body acceleration, a proxy of energy expenditure, showed strong differences in parental effort throughout the breeding season and between sexes. Thereby, males increased substantially their energetic requirements, due to the increased workload, while females spent most of the time on the nest. Furthermore, during critical phases of the breeding season, a low percentage of suitable hunting spots in eagles' territories led them to increase their ranging behavior in order to find food, with important consequences in energy consumption and mortality risk. Our results highlight the crucial role of males in raptor species exhibiting biparental care. Finally, we exemplify how biologging technologies are an adequate and objective method to study parental care in raptors as well as to get deeper insight into breeding ecology of birds in general

Quality of analgesic treatment in patients with advanced prostate cancer: do we do a better job now? The Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research (SAKK) experience

Goals of work: The aim of this study was to evaluate pain intensity and the application of the WHO guidelines for cancer pain treatment in patients with prostate cancer treated at Swiss cancer centers. Materials and methods: We analyzed a series of five multicenter phase II clinical trials which examined the palliative effect of different chemotherapies in patients with advanced hormone-refractory prostate carcinoma. Of 170 patients, 1,018 visits were evaluable for our purpose, including ratings of pain intensity by patients and prescribed analgesics. Main results: No or mild pain was indicated by patients in 36 to 55% of the visits, more than mild pain in 30 to 46%. In 21% of the visits, the WHO pain treatment criteria (treatment according to one of the three steps; oral, rectal or transdermal application of the main dose; administration on a regular schedule) were fulfilled, and the Cleeland index was positive according to all recommendations. In 6% of the visits, neither the WHO criteria were fulfilled nor was the Cleeland index positive. This indicates insufficient pain treatment not following the WHO guidelines and that the prescribed analgesics were not sufficiently potent for the rated pain intensity. Conclusions: In this selective Swiss sample, the standard of analgesic treatment is high. However, there is still scope for improvement. This cannot solely be solved by improving the knowledge of the physicians. Programs to change the patients' attitude towards cancer pain, training to improve the physicians' communication skills, and institutional changes may be promising strategie