Temporal interaction patterns in negotiations

This dissertation focuses on temporal interaction patterns in negotiations that have previously been neglected and examines their impact on the subsequent interaction and on the negotiated outcome. Although negotiations are defined as social interactions, there is still relatively little understanding of the observable interaction patterns that actually develop in negotiations. It requires time-consuming coding efforts and interaction patterns are challenging to analyze. However, studying negotiation behavior from an interaction-based perspective is crucial, as behavioral antecedents can be significantly more important in the prediction of subsequent behaviors in an interaction process than interindividual difference and contextual variables. Therefore, the studies presented in this dissertation contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of temporal interaction patterns in negotiation. Specifically, we study the occurrence of active listening (patterns) and their effect on negotiation outcomes, behavioral antecedents and consequences of (dis-)honest behavior, and effects of behavior announcement patterns on negotiation outcomes. The results of these studies contribute to negotiation theory but are also of high practical value. We provide concrete and readily applicable advice on the use of active listening, on the use and promotion of honest behavior and the inhibition of dishonest behavior that should improve practitioners’ negotiation interactions and outcomes

Temporal interaction patterns in negotiations

This dissertation focuses on temporal interaction patterns in negotiations that have previously been neglected and examines their impact on the subsequent interaction and on the negotiated outcome. Although negotiations are defined as social interactions, there is still relatively little understanding of the observable interaction patterns that actually develop in negotiations. It requires time-consuming coding efforts and interaction patterns are challenging to analyze. However, studying negotiation behavior from an interaction-based perspective is crucial, as behavioral antecedents can be significantly more important in the prediction of subsequent behaviors in an interaction process than interindividual difference and contextual variables. Therefore, the studies presented in this dissertation contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of temporal interaction patterns in negotiation. Specifically, we study the occurrence of active listening (patterns) and their effect on negotiation outcomes, behavioral antecedents and consequences of (dis-)honest behavior, and effects of behavior announcement patterns on negotiation outcomes. The results of these studies contribute to negotiation theory but are also of high practical value. We provide concrete and readily applicable advice on the use of active listening, on the use and promotion of honest behavior and the inhibition of dishonest behavior that should improve practitioners’ negotiation interactions and outcomes

Harmonic Generation from Relativistic Plasma Surfaces in Ultra-Steep Plasma Density Gradients

Harmonic generation in the limit of ultra-steep density gradients is studied experimentally. Observations demonstrate that while the efficient generation of high order harmonics from relativistic surfaces requires steep plasma density scale-lengths ($L_p/\lambda < 1$) the absolute efficiency of the harmonics declines for the steepest plasma density scale-length $L_p \to 0$, thus demonstrating that near-steplike density gradients can be achieved for interactions using high-contrast high-intensity laser pulses. Absolute photon yields are obtained using a calibrated detection system. The efficiency of harmonics reflected from the laser driven plasma surface via the Relativistic Oscillating Mirror (ROM) was estimated to be in the range of 10^{-4} - 10^{-6} of the laser pulse energy for photon energies ranging from 20-40 eV, with the best results being obtained for an intermediate density scale-length

Towards a renormalizable standard model without fundamental Higgs scalar

We investigate the possibility of constructing a renormalizable standard model with purely fermionic matter content. The Higgs scalar is replaced by point-like fermionic self-interactions with couplings growing large at the Fermi scale. An analysis of the UV behavior in the point-like approximation reveals a variety of non-Gaussian fixed points for the fermion couplings. If real, such fixed points would imply nonperturbative renormalizability and evade triviality of the Higgs sector. For point-like fermionic self-interactions and weak gauge couplings, one encounters a hierarchy problem similar to the one for a fundamental Higgs scalar.Comment: 18 pages, 4 figure

Rosina - Rosetta Orbiter Spectrometer for Ion and Neutral Analysis

The Rosetta Orbiter Spectrometer for Ion and Neutral Analysis (ROSINA) will answer important questions posed by the mission's main objectives. After Giotto, this will be the first time the volatile part of a comet will be analyzed in situ. This is a very important investigation, as comets, in contrast to meteorites, have maintained most of the volatiles of the solar nebula. To accomplish the very demanding objectives through all the different phases of the comet's activity, ROSINA has unprecedented capabilities including very wide mass range (1 to >300 amu), very high mass resolution (m/Δ m > 3000, i.e. the ability to resolve CO from N2 and 13C from 12CH), very wide dynamic range and high sensitivity, as well as the ability to determine cometary gas velocities, and temperature. ROSINA consists of two mass spectrometers for neutrals and primary ions with complementary capabilities and a pressure sensor. To ensure that absolute gas densities can be determined, each mass spectrometer carries a reservoir of a calibrated gas mixture allowing in-flight calibration. Furthermore, identical flight-spares of all three sensors will serve for detailed analysis of all relevant parameters, in particular the sensitivities for complex organic molecules and their fragmentation patterns in our electron bombardment ion source